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Singapore to host Formula 1 World Championship until 2021

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Singapore to host F1 race for four more years
Talks with new F1 owners were protracted as Republic assessed value of contract extension
By Wang Meng Meng, The Straits Times, 16 Sep 2017

The show will go on for the Formula One Singapore Airlines Singapore Grand Prix, after the deal to stage the motor-racing event was extended for four more years to 2021.

Now into its 10th edition, the Singapore event got a fresh lease of life just before the final race weekend of the previous contract.

Minister for Trade and Industry (Industry) S. Iswaran announced the contract extension at the F1 Pit Building at the Marina Bay Street Circuit. He cited three reasons for the protracted negotiations with new F1 owners Liberty Media, which were wrapped up only yesterday.

"First, with the changes in the ownership and management of F1, serious negotiations could commence only in February," said Mr Iswaran.

"Second, we wanted to understand the new management's vision and plans for F1, the importance and role accorded to the Singapore race, whether this was aligned with our own objectives.

"Third, we wanted to thoroughly evaluate the medium-term prospects for F1 and the value a term extension could bring to Singapore. I am glad that all parties have been able to agree on commercial terms for the extension."

The contract extension is for four years instead of five as in the previous extension signed in 2012, as the Singapore organisers would like to see the future direction of the sport after the expiry of the Concorde Agreement in 2020. The agreement is a contract between motorsports world governing body FIA, the F1 teams and the Formula One Group promotion companies, which determines how teams compete in the sport, and how television revenue and prize money will be shared.

F1 chairman and chief executive Chase Carey, who spearheaded Liberty's US$8 billion (S$10.8 billion) takeover of the racing series last September, was effusive in his praise for the series' only full night race.

The American said: "The Singapore Grand Prix, the Singapore Tourism Board and the Singapore Government have all done an excellent job of making this an event that involves the whole city."

Mr Iswaran also revealed that, including this year's race, Singapore has hosted more than 450,000 international visitors, who have contributed about $1.4 billion in incremental tourism receipts.

The annual cost of hosting the race was estimated to be around $150 million, although Mr Iswaran said costs had come down by about $15 million a year to $135 million.



Mr Anthony Indaimo, a partner at law firm Withers KhattarWong who has assisted in acquisitions of F1 teams, called the deal "super exciting" news.

"The Singapore race remains the premier event in Asia, and its combination of music, food, business and sport is a template we like to see," he said. "After its heavy investment, Liberty certainly is a willing and open partner. The teams certainly are excited as there is a feeling that the sport hasn't reached its full potential. The focus is on the future."

Though there is a lingering perception the event is accessible only to the upper crust, Mr Iswaran pointed to outreach efforts to schools and opportunities for polytechnic and Institute of Technical Education students to be involved as race volunteers.

"We have made a concerted effort to reach out, working in partnership with Formula One and with Singapore GP," he said. "This will be an important part of our effort to make sure the race remains a very inclusive one, and also a very exciting one for everybody."
















F1 successes go beyond the track
By Francis Tan and James Walton, Published The Straits Times, 16 Sep 2017

It was announced yesterday that Singapore will continue to host the Formula One Grand Prix for four years after the current contract ends this year.

Amid the negotiations over a renewal, some have cast attention on the weak attendance last year. The three-day event in 2016 saw the lowest ticket sales to date, with an average of 73,000 spectators a day - down 15 per cent from the inaugural year.

However, we should be careful not to overstate the significance of last year's poor attendance. Prior to 2016, spectator numbers in the three years before - from 2013 to 2015 - were the highest in the Singapore Grand Prix's history since 2008. Since the first night race was held here in 2008 till 2015, it has attracted some 350,000 international visitors, representing 40 per cent of all spectators. These visitors have brought in about $150 million in tourist dollars each year, with the exception being 2009 due to the global financial crisis.

Being an F1 host has other benefits.

First, the Singapore Grand Prix has a direct spillover effect for a wide range of industries - from tourism-related sectors such as food and beverage, hospitality and retail to auxiliary services such as logistics and event management. The night race brings more consumers to the event area and creates demand for services. Small and medium-sized enterprises are sub-contractors for about 90 per cent of the race organisation works each year, from circuit set-up to ticketing and security services.

Second, the annual nature of the event enables firms to learn through experience and to innovate. For instance, over several years of supplying catering equipment to the event, kitchen solutions firm Steward's Solution has come up with new temporary dining structures and reconfigured container kitchens, providing fresh dining concepts for race patrons each year. Service companies have also grown better at collaborating with each other. Players in the entertainment industry have had a chance to test-bed new concepts.

The improvement is also clear from the perspective of the general public. From 12 days of road closure for the first race in 2008, the process has now been halved to just six days. If Singapore continues to host the F1, service providers will be able to continue reinventing and refining their processes to be more efficient and effective.

Third, the Singapore Grand Prix has a strong brand effect for the country, reinforcing Singapore's presence and reputation on the world stage. Anecdotally, when businessmen in China hear that their interlocutor is from Singapore, a common first reaction is: "Oh, you have that F1 race!"

Fourth, the Singapore Grand Prix is not just for sports fans. Its wide appeal is on two levels, namely the accessibility of F1 racing as a sport and the multifaceted nature of the event itself. Tennis or golf tournaments, for example, appeal more to enthusiasts who are interested in the sport itself. However, the F1 race is a spectator sport for all, regardless of whether they know the teams, drivers or even the rules.

In Singapore, there have also been numerous community events organised throughout the year to engage the public and youth, including school visits and behind-the-scenes tours. The Grand Prix is a three-day mega event with festivities ranging from concerts featuring international artists to Michelin-starred feasts.

Fifth, the Singapore Grand Prix party provides a perfect opportunity for firms, such as banks, to invite and host their top clients. These networking gatherings could lead to business deals being generated or closed.

Singapore needs to keep its line-up of events fresh to attract different groups of people. For example, the United States already boasts a drone racing league. Drone racing in sports stadiums here could appeal to spectators, local and foreign alike.

An active and busy event calendar throughout the year would not only help Singapore to attract tourists but also reduces the impact of seasonality on businesses, such as hotels' occupancy and room rates.

With the F1 contract now renewed, the Republic will continue to benefit from the undeniable advantages of hosting such mega events.

Francis Tan is an economist at UOB, James Walton is the sports business group leader at Deloitte Singapore & South-east Asia.











F1 extension brings cheer - and some concerns
Hotels happy but F&B outlets, retailers in circuit lament drop in business on race days
By Rachel Au-Yong and Ho Cai Jun, The Straits Times, 16 Sep 2017

For hotels, news that the Formula One Singapore Grand Prix has been extended another four years meant more race weekend sell-outs.

But for the other businesses, including those in the food and beverage sector, it meant more years of dealing with road blocks and regular clientele staying away.

This has led experts to urge such businesses to do more to capitalise on the glitzy event, which has seen hotels enjoying brisk business during race weekends since 2008.

The Fullerton Hotel is fully booked this weekend, thanks to its location at the hairpin turn of the race, "which affords guests an exhilarating view", said general manager Cavaliere Giovanni Viterale.

Its sister hotel, The Fullerton Bay Hotel, is also fully booked due to its proximity to the race circuit.

Mr Viterale said the extension was welcome news, as the race, concerts and after-race parties have "made Singapore a sought-after destination to visit each September - be it for race enthusiasts or party-goers wishing to soak in the vibrant atmosphere in the heart of the city".

The track-side Pan Pacific Singapore is more than 95 per cent full this weekend, said general manager Gino Tan. "The F1 race is one of the major events and revenue contributors for the year, and we look forward to hosting the race teams and race enthusiasts in the coming years," he said, adding that as part of the festivities, staff dress up in themed uniforms and decorations are put up in the lobby.

Even hotels out of the circuit enjoy a spillover effect. Royal Plaza on Scotts, for instance, is 95 per cent full this weekend. Its general manager Patrick Fiat said the extension would boost tourism, and that the impact of the race "extends beyond the race dates as it places Singapore's name at the top of mind for both business and leisure travellers".



But retailers and food and beverage operators appeared to be neutral about the extension, with some finding it hard to trade the rise in footfall with the inconveniences that come with organising a large-scale race.

Florist Wadia Lau said So Blossom in CityLink Mall suffers a 15 per cent to 20 per cent drop in profit during F1 weekends. "We can't do deliveries because of the road blocks, so we have to get another branch to do so. Some suppliers also find it difficult to come over, so they don't at all," she said. "I hope the authorities consider opening up some small roads so that businesses experience fewer disruptions."

At Mad for Garlic, a restaurant in out-of-the-loop Suntec City, business plunges by about 35 per cent every F1 weekend. "We will just go on as per normal - we already have a 40 per cent discount for the month of September to encourage more people to come in," said assistant manager Nana, who goes by one name.

Marketing and retail lecturer Amos Tan said retailers must evolve to tap the F1 crowd. "We have to ask ourselves if we are competitive in terms of pricing compared to retailers in other cities, and whether we are offering a unique shopping experience," he said. "Right now, we have cookie-cutter malls, where customer service isn't the best."

F1 fans delighted in news of the extension. British mechanical engineer Franco Melina, 55, who is attending his fourth F1 race here this year, said he was "super chuffed" about the extension. "It can't go wrong, it is the only night race. I had been hoping for this news."





Now to make it a grand prix for all Singaporeans
By Wang Meng Meng, The Straits Times, 16 Sep 2017

The Formula One Singapore Airlines Singapore Grand Prix has been a marriage of a financial hub with the pinnacle of motorsports.

Both Singapore and F1 renewed their vows, signing a four-year extension yesterday, to make this year's milestone 10th edition an occasion to clink champagne flutes.

F1 chairman and chief executive Chase Carey is certainly a big fan of the world's only full night race, calling it Asia's "signature event", while former F1 supremo Bernie Ecclestone had trumpeted it as the sport's "crown jewel".

While the teams, drivers, officials and fans speak positively, this ribbon of tarmac bathed in floodlights has also been a glittering addition to the Singapore economy.

According to Minister for Trade and Industry (Industry) S. Iswaran, the race has attracted more than 450,000 international visitors since its 2008 inception, generating about $1.4 billion in incremental tourism receipts.

Over the airwaves, the iconic Marina Bay skyline has been beamed worldwide to a global audience of 780 million. And 90 per cent of the race preparations, such as circuit set-up, catering, ticketing and security services, involve local small and medium-sized enterprises - giving local companies and brands more opportunities and exposure.



But while businessmen clinched deals, tourism got a boost and Singapore's image as a global city was enhanced, it is arguable that the grand prix has yet to touch the heart and mind of the average Singaporean.

Admission prices remain steep for many. The cheapest ticket for the masses on race day, for a Zone 4 walkabout, is currently $198, although the Grand Prix is made accessible to the general public with early bird tickets from as low as $38.

Merchandise is costly, too. If you want to wear an official Lewis Hamilton T-shirt, that can set you back $70 at the merchandise booths around the circuit. A Ferrari cap, which helps you blend in with the fans, costs $50.

There have been attempts to bring roadshows to the heartland, where residents are given opportunities to race in simulators and participate in other F1 activities.

But come grand prix week, there is little buzz from Jurong to Pasir Ris, unlike that generated by Joseph Schooling's gold medal at the Rio Olympics or the good old Malaysia Cup football days .

While the world eagerly awaits the Singapore Grand Prix weekend, tenants at Suntec City and Marina Square, as well as other retailers around the circuit, lament that crowds stay away due to the road closures.

These retailers pay a premium to locate their stores in the city and, ironically, are hit in the pocket on the weekend when the masses descend upon the Marina Bay Street Circuit, only to detour around the shops.

This is ironic, given that the malls remain fully open and accessible by public transport, and some (Raffles City, Suntec City), even by car despite the road closures. Perhaps more can be done to inform the public that these malls remain open or more can be done to help these retailers.

But make no mistake, the Singapore Grand Prix has truly put this little red dot on the world map. Singapore's waterfront is now recognisable globally, the event is a great blend of sports action, lifestyle and business, and there are now four more races to look forward to.

The next step now is to truly leave a legacy behind and not let it be remembered as a 14-year pitstop enjoyed only by the affluent.

It is perhaps time to put the Singapore in Singapore Grand Prix.






Ariana Grande drives the crowds wild at F1 gig; Sebastian Vettel takes pole
On the track, Ferrari ace Vettel roars into pole position and declares 'I love this track!'
By Anjali Raguraman and Wang Meng Meng, The Sunday Times, 17 Sep 2017

While the track belonged to Ferrari's Sebastian Vettel last night, the stage was ruled by pop diva Ariana Grande.

Her first outing in Singapore was an impressive showing of both her flawless vocal chops and her ability to dance in potentially ankle-breaking sky-high heels.

The 24-year-old played to a crowd of over 50,000 at the Padang Stage last night for the 2017 Formula One Singapore Airlines Singapore Grand Prix.

The short, one-hour set showcased the best of Grande and her four-octave soprano.

She never broke a sweat, despite the sultry weather and even managed to hold a tune while cycling on an exercise bicycle on the Nicki Minaj collaboration, Side To Side.

Her catalogue of pop R&B tunes like One Last Time and Bang Bang worked for the diverse crowd, especially the "cat ear"-wearing tweens. Backed by a full band, a small string section and a troupe of male dancers, there was plenty of spectacle to enthral her fans.

But it was not just the hardcore Arianators who were blown away by her impressive runs and breathy declarations of "Singapore, let me hear you". Bookending her set with Be Alright and Dangerous Woman, she reeled in the audience with sexy over-the shoulder glances and hair flips aplenty.

Also on top of his game was Vettel, who will, after grabbing pole last night, launch his Ferrari from the top of the grid in tonight's race, with the weight of history giving a turbo boost to his world title dreams.

By design of the tight and meandering track, or simply by sheer coincidence, seven of the previous nine pole sitters have gone on to win at the Marina Bay Street Circuit.

Also, the last two races in Singapore have seen drivers that lined up first, second and third on the grid finish in exactly the same order (Vettel/Daniel Ricciardo/Kimi Raikkonen in 2015 and Nico Rosberg/Ricciardo/Lewis Hamilton last year).

A four-time world champion but with the last of those consecutive crowns coming in 2013, the familiar one-fingered celebration had been a rare sight since Vettel's move to Ferrari in 2015. But there he was, wagging that right index finger after pole was secured in a new lap record of 1 min 39.491sec.

Victory for the German today would mean he has won half of the race's 10 editions.

It is no wonder Vettel bordered on delirium on the team radio, letting out a barrage of whoops and screams after securing pole. He said: "I love this track. The car was tricky but it was getting better and better as the night progressed."

Red Bull's Max Verstappen will start second (1:39.814), missing out on becoming F1's first teenage pole sitter, with teammate Ricciardo (1:39.840) just behind him.

A win in Singapore tonight will go some way to help the German (235 points) slingshot past Lewis Hamilton (238 points) in the drivers' championship with six races left.

Hamilton, who was racing in a faster Mercedes that had less downforce to stick to the 23 turns of the circuit, qualified in fifth (1:40.126).

Ferrari's Raikkonen, another former world champion, is under no illusion how tough the Marina Bay Street Circuit is. The Finn said: "It's always going to be difficult, especially in places like this. It's a tricky circuit, lots of corners, lots of places that are easy to make mistakes but it is our job to take it to the limit.

"Sometimes you get away with it, sometimes you don't. A lot of things can happen in this race, with safety cars and stuff. We need some luck sometimes."










Lessons from the Presidential Election 2017: A look at 3 key issues

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Now that Singapore's first president elected after changes to the system is in office, what issues have emerged from the process? Insight examines three - the reserved election, the walkover and its effect going forward, and the lead time in making the legislative changes.
By Elgin Toh, Insight Editor, The Sunday Times, 17 Sep 2017

The presidential election in 2011 is remembered as Singapore's most hotly contested. Four candidates stood in a race that went down to the wire, with Dr Tony Tan Keng Yam finally winning by 0.35 per cent of the votes.

In contrast, the election this year saw Madam Halimah Yacobelected unopposed last week - the third no-contest since elections began in 1993. Before, the president was appointed by Parliament.

Yet, this year's presidential election might go down as among the most hotly discussed.

In the lead-up to it, major changes were introduced to the way the elected presidency works, which resulted in, among other things, the election being reserved for candidates from the Malay community as it has not been represented in the office since 1970.

These changes, as well as the eventual walkover, triggered considerable debate online and in physical forums. In her swearing-in speech last Thursday, President Halimah, 63, acknowledged that some Singaporeans did not agree with the Government on the need to reserve elections.

She sought to be a unifying figure, saying: "I respect their views."

Minister in the Prime Minister's Office Chan Chun Sing, too, had earlier this month noted in a forum the unhappiness in some quarters. He said the Government had been prepared to "pay a political price" in the short term when it introduced the changes, because it strongly believed in their long-term benefits.

As President Halimah embarks on her six-year term, some of this debate offers a springboard for learning more about the elected presidency.

The reserved election was a focal point of much debate. What issues did the debate highlight about Singapore's multiracial fabric?

Another discussion trigger was the walkover. Why was there one, and what might walkovers mean for the elected presidency in the long run?

And, was there enough lead time from the mooting of the changes to the eventual election for Singaporeans to digest the changes?

Insight speaks to political observers on what, as a result, has emerged about the elected presidency as an institution.

UPDATING THE PRESIDENCY

Some 20 months before the election, the Government began a process that resulted in major changes to how the elected presidency would work - the most significant since the elected presidency began in 1991.

Among them were:

First, a system of reserving elections for an ethnic community if five terms have passed without a president from that community. As a result, the Government said the election this year would be reserved for the Malay community.

Second, raising the eligibility threshold for private-sector candidates to have headed companies with an average shareholder equity of $500 million in the three most recent years of reporting. Before, the threshold was $100 million in paid-up capital.

A court challenge was mounted by Dr Tan Cheng Bock, the runner-up in the 2011 election, on whether the reserved election should kick in this year or in 2023.

But his suit was eventually dismissed by the Court of Appeal. The reserved election for the Malay community went ahead this year.

DEBATES OVER RESERVED ELECTION

Even as the courts deliberated over the timing of the reserved election, the bigger debate among Singaporeans was over substantive issues relating to reserving elections.

Emeritus Senior Minister Goh Chok Tong, for example, acknowledged some of this ground sentiment when he observed that reserving elections was "quite unpopular with a large proportion of the population".

Singaporeans with concerns about the reserved election asked if it was needed to achieve multiracial representation and if the principle of meritocracy was being loosened.

When members of the Malay community began declaring their intention to stand, questions about how a person's race is determined surfaced in some quarters.

Other than Madam Halimah, two prospective candidates who declared their intention to stand as candidates were marine services company chairman Farid Khan, 61, and listed property firm chief executive Salleh Marican, 67.

All three prospective candidates obtained certificates confirming that they belonged to the Malay community.

What impact did these debates about race and reserved elections have on multiracial Singapore?

Home Affairs and Law Minister K. Shanmugam said at a forum organised by the Institute of Policy Studies (IPS) earlier this month that debates on the reserved election were constructive. "The fact that we were able to talk about it, debate it... in a way it helps strengthen the overall multiracial fabric," he said.

Chua Chu Kang GRC MP Zaqy Mohamad tells Insight: "It was a learning journey for many Singaporeans. We became more aware of the range of views on multiracialism, and we learnt to respect the diversity of opinion."

He adds: "It was healthy for us to talk about issues which we otherwise would not have touched on in ordinary conversations."

IPS deputy director Gillian Koh adds that the strengthening of the nation's multiracial fabric could become clearer as President Halimah's term progresses. The "symbolic value of having a Malay-Muslim as president" could, over time, enhance inter-racial appreciation among Singaporeans, she says.

Some observers, however, were sceptical about the benefits of having such debates about race.

Former PAP MP Inderjit Singh says: "While I cannot say we weakened the social fabric of Singapore's multiracial society, I do feel we reopened the debate and highlighted our differences and the attitudes of the different races towards each other."

The debate over the definition of "Malayness" was also singled out as being particularly problematic.

Former Nominated MP Calvin Cheng says "the misunderstanding of what Malayness is, and the accusations that the definitions have been fudged, will be detrimental".

Dr Felix Tan of SIM Global Education adds the debate over racial definition "opened up a can of worms".

Racial definitions for the purpose of elections have been around since 1988, with the introduction of Group Representation Constituencies (GRCs). From this year, the same definitions that have been used in general elections are being applied to presidential elections.

Asked why Singaporeans had questions about these longstanding definitions, Dr Tan notes that presidential candidates have a much higher profile than minority candidates in GRCs, which could be why people started paying attention to the racial definitions only this year.

THE WALKOVER: WHAT ISSUES ARISE?

In contrast to the chatter over reserved elections, which persisted at moderate levels over the months leading up to the election, discussions over the fact that it would be a walkover erupted in a very short space of time.

There was genuine public uncertainty over whether there would be a contest, since three prospective candidates expressed a desire to stand. The walkover was finally confirmed last Monday, with the announcement that only one candidate - Madam Halimah - had the necessary certificates to run.

Mr Farid and Mr Salleh met the ethnic requirements - they were certified as Malay - but failed to meet the financial threshold for private-sector candidates.

Madam Halimah automatically qualified under the Constitution as she had held the key public office of Speaker of Parliament since 2013.

Two days after she was declared the only one eligible to run, she was formally elected on Wednesday, which was Nomination Day, and sworn in a day later, on Thursday.

There was considerable disappointment on social media with the walkover, with a group starting the hashtag #notmypresident. This was countered by another online group with the hashtag #halimahismypresident.

Observers had different explanations for why more qualified Malay candidates did not come forward to ensure a contest in Singapore's first reserved election.

Many observers felt the Government's tacit endorsement of Madam Halimah strongly discouraged others who might have been considering their candidacies. Observers who take this view include Professor Eugene Tan of the Singapore Management University (SMU), Mr Singh and Professor Tan Ern Ser of the National University of Singapore (NUS).


SMU's Prof Tan says that such endorsements cause hopefuls, particularly those from the public sector, to "abandon any plans to step forward and step up" - because of how difficult it is to defeat an establishment-backed candidate.

Mr Singh adds that some who qualify may be "concerned if the establishment will be unhappy" if they were to run against its candidate. "The sense of fear was a factor," he notes.

Another possible reason for the dearth of qualified candidates in this election was the higher threshold for private-sector candidates.

The Government had accepted the Constitutional Commission's recommendation that the threshold for private-sector companies whose heads would qualify as candidates be increased from $100 million in paid-up capital to $500 million in shareholders' equity.

The commission said there was a need to raise the threshold because, first, inflation had significantly increased the number of companies meeting the old threshold, and, second, because Singapore's reserves had grown by a lot since 1993 - which raises questions about whether heads of $100 million firms still had the requisite experience to oversee the reserves.

The commission recommended a $500 million threshold, arguing that it did not shrink the pool of candidates who qualify, vis-a-vis 1993. The $100 million threshold in 1993 saw 158 companies, or 0.2 per cent of companies in Singapore, qualify. The $500 million threshold last year would have seen the heads of an estimated 691 companies, or 0.23 per cent of companies in Singapore, qualify.

But some observers asked if this was a key factor leading to the walkover.

"The criterion is set too high for those from the private sector. Based on the previous criterion used, Mr Salleh Marican and Mr Farid Khan would have qualified," says Mr Yee Jenn Jong, a former Non-Constituency MP from the Workers' Party.

"We need to seriously question why we are measuring the presidency by such big money, which deprives us of more potential candidates to choose from," he adds.

IPS' Dr Koh agrees that the threshold may have been a factor, but does not agree that the threshold should, therefore, be lowered. "We must give it time - for good people to work towards qualification," she says.

With the latest walkover, Singapore has now seen three out of five presidential elections since 1993 ending in no contest.

Popular elections were introduced to ensure that presidents - whose role is to safeguard the nation's reserves and the integrity of the public service - had sufficient moral authority and mandate to oppose an elected Cabinet, if necessary.

Does the walkover have an impact on President Halimah's perceived mandate? Is there a danger that repeated walkovers would gradually weaken the institution of the presidency?

Former NMP Cheng says: "I would proffer that the whole raison d'etre of the elected presidency is in danger, if there is repeatedly no contest."

Without going through a contest, he adds, "we have no idea of the level of support he or she has and it thus saps the presidency of the source of its authority".

"In that case, we might as well go back to appointing presidents."

Professor Walter Woon of the National University of Singapore adds: "A contested election would have been the only way to still the critics and appease the cynics. If Puan Halimah had won with a clear majority, her mandate would be beyond doubt. As it is, there will always be accusations that the whole process was a farce engineered to parachute her into the job."

Prof Eugene Tan says walkovers might "diminish the institution and compromise its mandate, authority, legitimacy and potential".

Dr Lam Peng Er of the East Asian Institute adds that too many walkovers would "make a mockery" of the institution. He adds: "If you keep getting walkovers, it becomes a contradiction in terms - an elected presidency without an election."

But Dr Norshahril Saat of the ISEAS -Yusof Ishak Institute notes that founding prime minister Lee Kuan Yew was often elected in walkovers, and that this did not cast his legitimacy as MP or prime minister in doubt. Mr Lee's Tanjong Pagar constituency was uncontested in 1984 and in another five general elections from 1991 to 2011.

Nonetheless, Dr Norshahril concedes that presidents elected in walkovers may have to work harder over the presidential term to win the hearts and minds of the people.

Other observers say they do not believe the presidency is likely to see repeated walkovers in the future.

Mr Zaqy of Chua Chu Kang GRC notes that walkovers also used to be quite common in general elections, but have decreased over time as politics entered a more mature phase. He expects a similar trajectory for presidential elections.

Similarly, IPS' Dr Koh says: "It is likely that if the role is meaningful, it seems fulfilling and that sense of duty and public service is alive, we will not see a reduction in contestation, but a rise moving forward."

LONGER LEAD TIME?

After the 2015 General Election, Parliament opened in January last year. The President's Address stated that the political system, including the presidency, "must be refreshed from time to time, as our circumstances change".

This was the first strong sign that changes were in the offing.

This address was quickly followed by the setting up of a Constitutional Commission in February last year. The commission was asked to study options in line with terms of reference provided by the Government, and to then recommend amendments to the elected presidency.

The commission's report was published in August last year. Parliament debated and passed amendments to the Constitution last November, paving the way for the presidential election earlier this month.

A total of 20 months had passed from the time the Government announced its intention to make changes to the elected presidency.

Would a longer lead time have helped Singaporeans digest the changes better? Would stretching out the discussion have reduced the overall level of concern?

Some observers believe so.

SIM's Dr Tan says Singaporeans should preferably have been given three years "to understand, grapple with and accept the changes".

Mr Singh agrees more time would have been ideal. "If we were indeed addressing long-term issues on the multiracial nature of our society, then there was no rush to do it for this election," he says.

He adds that applying the changes to the 2023 presidential election would have provided this additional time.

Prof Eugene Tan agrees the discussion was hasty, noting: "Singaporeans need time to digest the changes and to be persuaded not just rationally but also affectively. There was the feeling that the changes were patronising and being forced down the throats of Singaporeans."

He adds: "Even if people have basically made up their minds about the slew of changes, the speed with which the Government proceeded with the changes resulted in an element of doubt in people's minds as to whether there was more to it than meets the eye."



But there are also a number of observers who feel that a longer lead time would not have made any difference.

Mr Zaqy believes that it would be hard to conclude if the Government could have aligned everyone on the issues - even if the lead time had been extended, say, to 60 months.

Dr Koh agrees: "If people were tuning in, it was a lot of notice. If they were not, and only do so when there is an opportunity to criticise the Government, then time is a non-issue.

"If people just don't tune in at all because they are consumed by daily life, which is perfectly understandable, or because they are apathetic, then, again, length of notice would not have made a difference. For this final group, only a contest and the need to vote would have caused them to tune in."

This idea that a contest is what many people were really looking for is also proffered by Prof Tan Ern Ser of NUS and Dr Lam.

Says Prof Tan: "I don't think more lead time would matter very much, if at all. What matters for those who are unhappy with the new rules is that PE2017 has not shaped up to be yet another occasion to challenge - directly or indirectly - the ruling party."

Dr Lam adds: "If we had given the Singapore public another six months, and there was no contest, I think they would feel just as frustrated."

FUTURE OF THE PRESIDENCY

The election is over, and the country settles down under a new president.

Some debates from this election will linger, others may fade away.

For example, the issue of the reserved election, while contentious, may not recur for a while, since the earliest date of the next possible reserved election would be 2041 - or five terms after President SR Nathan left office in 2011, assuming no president gets elected from the Indian or other communities category.

Indeed, the most ideal situation is for Singapore to never need another reserved election - which would happen if minorities are routinely elected in open elections.

President Halimah has a six-year term ahead of her to engage Singaporeans as their head of state. How she plays her role will no doubt also have a bearing on how Singaporeans perceive the institution and the issues discussed in this election.

As Emeritus Senior Minister Goh Chok Tong said in congratulating her, the process of this election has been "highly controversial", but Madam Halimah herself is "not a controversial figure".

"The focus so far has been on the process, but we should not let whatever unhappiness weigh down her duties," he said.











KEY DATES AHEAD OF PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION 2017

JANUARY 2016

President's Address at the opening of Parliament flags the need to refresh the elected presidency

FEBRUARY 2016

Constitutional Commission appointed to study updating eligibility criteria for presidential candidates, review the powers of the Council of Presidential Advisers, and ensure minority candidates have a chance to be elected from time to time

FEBRUARY TO JULY 2016

Constitutional Commission meets, holds public hearings and deliberates

AUGUST 2016

Constitutional Commission submits its report to the Government, which accepts its main recommendations in principle

SEPTEMBER 2016

Government publishes its response to the report in a White Paper on changes to the elected presidency

OCTOBER 2016

Constitutional amendments tabled in Parliament

NOVEMBER 2016

Constitutional amendments are debated over three days in Parliament and passed

JUNE 2017

Mr Salleh Marican and Mr Farid Khan declare intention to stand for election

JULY 2017

Court dismisses Dr Tan Cheng Bock's first challenge on how reserved elections are counted

AUG 7, 2017

Madam Halimah Yacob announces decision to stand as candidate

AUG 24, 2017

Court dismisses Dr Tan Cheng Bock's appeal

AUG 28, 2017

Writ of Election issued

SEPT 11, 2017

Madam Halimah declared the only qualified applicant

SEPT 13, 2017

Madam Halimah elected President on Nomination Day

SEPT 14, 2017

Madam Halimah is sworn in as Singapore's eighth President






Reaching out: President Halimah Yacob hits the ground running with special attention given to special needs
By Nur Asyiqin Mohamad Salleh, The Sunday Times, 17 Sep 2017

With quick flicks of her hands, President Halimah Yacob launched the International Week of the Deaf yesterday by signing the words out.

She spent the afternoon at the Singapore Association for the Deaf, mingling with the people who have worked hard to raise awareness of the needs of the deaf community, and learning of efforts from companies like Uber to make sure the hearing-impaired are not left behind.

Last Friday, she visited the Association for Persons with Special Needs Centre for Adults. It was her first public event as president and - as she fielded requests for photographs from excited passers-by - she spent more than an hour learning about how people with intellectual disabilities are trained to find employment.




Madam Halimah has signalled her commitment to building an inclusive Singapore by reaching out to people on the margins of society in her first two days in office after her inauguration, said sociologist Tan Ern Ser. "She is hitting the ground running shortly after she was sworn in as president, continuing what she has been doing as a union leader, MP, minister of state and Speaker of Parliament," he noted, adding that she now has the ability to do more.

Madam Halimah, 63, had promised during her campaign to build a community where nobody is left behind, and where everyone is taken care of, regardless of race, gender or background.


"Coming from a very deprived and disadvantaged background, I strongly believe in access to opportunities for everyone," she said at a press conference on Aug 29, a day after the Writ of Election was issued.


The woman who now occupies the highest office in the land started her life on the margins herself - poor and struggling, but determined to make good.


Her watchman father died of a heart attack when she was eight, leaving behind a family who struggled daily to survive.


They would sleep on mats in the living rooms of relatives. Madam Halimah spent the next decade waking at the break of dawn to help her mother prepare and peddle nasi padang.


Her school fees would go unpaid and she skipped classes often, nearly getting booted out.


But she pressed on, eventually obtaining a law degree. She chose to join the National Trades Union Congress as a legal officer after graduation, and spent more than three decades there representing workers and fighting for their rights.


Politics came calling in 2001. When she was made minister of state in 2011, she enhanced support for the disabled by setting up what is now known as SG Enable, and improved childcare services to lend working mothers a hand.


Nominated MP Chia Yong Yong said President Halimah has brought to her new office her dedication to building a caring and inclusive society where the vulnerable and those with special needs and disabilities are "truly integrated into the community".


"We are happy to see her jumping into action so early on in her term as president, visiting the various social service organisations and wasting no time in reaching out to the ground," said Ms Chia, the president of SPD, previously known as the Society for the Physically Disabled. She was also a key member of Madam Halimah's campaign team.


She looks forward to President Halimah championing social issues and inclusion, and placing them higher on the national agenda.


Madam Halimah had highlighted the president's ability to draw attention to issues when she set out her vision for the presidency last month. "The president has a tremendous capacity to do good. The president plays an important role in setting the tone for our society, to influence society," she had said then.


She was prepared for a contest, armed with campaign plans, a team of diverse supporters and a slogan, Do Good Do Together.


But her campaign was brought to a halt on Sept 11 when it emerged that there would be no presidential contest.


That date has brought highs and lows for Madam Halimah.


On the afternoon of Sept 11 in 2015, she buried her mother - the woman who raised her and her four siblings single-handedly. Hours later, she put on a stoic face, a neatly pressed set of white shirt and pants, and set off for Jurong West Stadium.


Jubilation set in there: Madam Halimah and her People's Action Party teammates won Marsiling-Yew Tee GRC in the general election.


But the triumph was tinged with tears. Said Madam Halimah, wearing a wan smile and a pile of garlands around her neck: "I'm, of course, feeling happy but very, very sad as well. I was hoping (my mother) could at least make it until today, but she didn't."

Exactly two years on, she received news about being the only one of three hopefuls declared eligible to stand in the presidential election - meaning she would be elected unopposed.

She was inaugurated last Thursday as Singapore's first woman head of state and its second Malay president after 47 years.

But discontent over her being elected unopposed in an election set aside for members of the Malay community cast a pall over the historic moment.

She told reporters who asked about the brewing disquiet: "I promise to do the best that I can to serve the people of Singapore and that doesn't change whether there is an election or no election. My passion and commitment to serve the people of Singapore remain the same."

Madam Halimah's presidential term will be an exercise in uniting a nation divided over the circumstances of her walkover victory.

Since she was declared President-elect last Wednesday, she has swiftly got down to the business of proving herself up to the task.




Thursday morning saw Madam Halimah touring the Istana grounds, mulling over plans to make the compound more accessible to the public.

At her inauguration, she noted: "In my previous roles, I have seen how much we can achieve by working together. Now, as President, my duty is to unite the people, to overcome the many challenges ahead of us together."

MP Denise Phua, who is president of the Autism Resource Centre and co-founder of Pathlight School, noted President Halimah's track record of supporting initiatives in the social service sector.

"She had never said 'no' to me when I asked her for help in my advocacy for this sector," she said. "I am certain that under her charge, she will do more than the President's Challenge in raising funds for needed services."

Dr Felix Tan, associate lecturer at SIM Global Education, said President Halimah's long years in public service have shown that "she has the heart and the capabilities in managing and engaging in community development projects".

"Her heart has always been with the people - that is certain," said Dr Tan. "However, given the circumstances involving her rise to the presidential office, she will probably have to work harder now to ensure that all communities are represented and taken care of."






Unique chance for Halimah Yacob to be a different president
The heartlander can inspire by refocusing her role as unifying head of state of multiracial Singapore
By Han Fook Kwang, Editor At Large, The Sunday Times, 17 Sep 2017

I am glad Singapore has its first Malay woman President, though it would have been much better if it wasn't done through a reserved election. But that's water under the bridge now.

I look forward to a Halimah Yacob presidency because I believe she has the qualities not only to perform the job but also to do so in a different way from previous heads of state. More important, the change can be good for Singapore.

Why do I say she has an opportunity to shape the presidency differently?

There are two areas where she can make a difference.

First, I think most people will agree she is not the sort of person you would associate with being in charge of a $500 million company, which is one of the new eligibility criteria for candidates. She does not have much financial background nor has she headed any ministry as its minister. If commercial and financial acumen were the most important requisites for the job, she would not be on most people's shortlist.

In raising the bar for people with commercial experience, I felt the Government over-emphasised the corporate nature of the elected president's office.

Indeed, by doing so, it knocked out two potential Malay candidates, Mr Farid Khan and Mr Salleh Marican, who did their community proud with their successful businesses.

Alas, even though their achievements put them among the top Malay businessmen, they did not qualify under the raised bar.



President Halimah has the opportunity to move the presidency in a different direction: by refocusing the role of the president as a unifying head of state, someone whom Singaporeans can identify with and look up to, embodying the values they uphold.

This is best done by a president who not only can relate easily to ordinary Singaporeans, but who also inspires and is respected for who she is and what she has done.

On this front, she will begin her presidency already hitting the right notes.

She has said she will continue living in her Housing Board flat in Yishun, which she did throughout her years as Minister of State and Speaker of Parliament.

It is rare in Singapore to find someone in such a senior position and earning the salary she does and not living in a private property. Many, in fact, own more than one.

But she not only lives in a public housing estate where the majority of Singaporeans reside, but also has lived in the same flat for more than 30 years.

Can a tudung-wearing Muslim woman be such a symbol in multiracial Singapore?

Many people have a problem with this, which leads me to the second area she can make a difference: promoting Singapore's brand of multiracialism.

What is this brand?

It is about each race preserving its own distinctiveness and accepting the other's right to do so, but all sharing a common sense of belonging to the community.

This requires tolerance and understanding of one another's ways and of what the country's common interests are.

The balance isn't easy to achieve because if each race continues to build on its own distinctiveness, it can grow apart from the others.

For the Malay community, an overly strict adherence to eating halal food, for example, can reinforce its exclusiveness.

Similarly, if Chinese Singaporeans speak Mandarin even in the company of Malays or Indians, they weaken everyone's sense of belonging to the same community.

In fact, the very idea of race and its place in Singapore can make for a divisive society. Which is why it needs constant tending and vigilance, and deep understanding and empathy. Now, the multiracial idea is being placed under the brightest possible spotlight in the highest office of the land.

Will it shine even more brightly or suffer under the glare?

Having a tudung-wearing president can be a strong statement about the place of minority races in Singapore, that there is space for them and their beliefs and practices.

But it will require sensitive handling on her part because racial prejudices and stereotyping exist and her distinctiveness can work against her.

It will also be particularly challenging for President Halimah because of the controversy surrounding her election.

There is still much unhappiness on the ground and many remain opposed to the idea of a reserved election and the way it has been introduced.

The cynicism, if not addressed, can damage the office of the presidency and its occupant.

President Halimah will have her work cut out for her.

But when the challenge is great, there is opportunity to make a difference.

It was what motivated Singapore's first popularly elected president, the late Mr Ong Teng Cheong, to do what he did.

He too entered new waters, tasked with making the new office work. I believed the challenge shaped his approach and he was determined to show that he was his own man and that he would do whatever he thought necessary to do the job.

It led to several clashes with the Government but it helped shape the relationship between the two and deepened understanding of how to make it work better.

President Halimah's challenge is different: After three elected presidents, the formal role of safeguarding the country's reserves and overseeing key appointments has more or less been settled.

Less understood is the informal unifying role the president plays in multiracial Singapore.

President Halimah now has a unique opportunity to reinforce the importance of this part of her job under trying circumstances.

I hope she can turn adversity into advantage. If ever a unifying president is needed, now is the time.

The writer is also a senior fellow at the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Nanyang Technological University





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Rohingya crisis: Aung San Suu Kyi breaks her silence, but fails to quell criticism

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The Straits Times, 20 Sep 2017

Myanmar's de facto leader Aung San Suu Kyi yesterday broke her silence on the Rohingya crisis, but her speech failed to quell mounting international criticism of her government's military offensive against the Muslim minority that has been described by the UN as a textbook example of ethnic cleansing.

In her address to the nation, the Nobel Peace laureate said she does not fear global scrutiny over the crisis, which has driven more than 400,000 people from Rakhine state to Bangladesh since Aug 25. While she condemned human rights violations and promised that violators would be held to account, she stopped short of blaming the military and did not address the United Nations' allegations.

"We condemn all human rights violations and unlawful violence. We are committed to the restoration of peace and stability and rule of law throughout the state," Ms Suu Kyi said in Myanmar's capital, Naypyitaw.



Amnesty International noted that "she is still silent about the role of the security forces".

The Myanmar government has said its armed forces are tackling the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army, which has claimed responsibility for attacking a border post on Aug 25, and which the government accuses of setting fires to Rohingya villages and attacking civilians. But Rohingya and rights groups say it is the army which has razed houses to force the minority out of Myanmar.



Terrorism experts warn that the Rohingya's plight has forged a groundswell of support among Islamist militants in the region, particularly from Malaysia and Indonesia. Meanwhile in India, a debate has broken out amid government efforts to deport around 40,000 Rohingya Muslims on the grounds that they pose a security threat to the country.































Myanmar ready to let Rohingya return: Suu Kyi
She says refugees will get full assurance of security, access to aid after being verified
By Tan Hui Yee, Regional Correspondent, The Straits Times, 20 Sep 2017

Myanmar is ready to start a verification process to let some 400,000 refugees who have crossed into Bangladesh to return, de facto leader Aung San Suu Kyi said in her first public remarks that some say did not address the Rohingya crisis.

The Nobel Peace laureate has come under fire from the international community and rights groups for keeping mum since an army crackdown on insurgents also drove the Muslim Rohingya from their homes in Rakhine state.



"Those who have been verified as refugees from this country will be accepted without any problem and with full assurance of their security and access to humanitarian aid," Ms Suu Kyi said in a 30-minute speech delivered entirely in English in the capital, Naypyitaw.

The refugees are mostly Rohingya who are deemed illegal "Bengali" migrants from present-day Bangladesh. Most of them live in Rakhine, one of the poorest states.



On Aug 25, insurgents claiming to fight for Rohingya rights attacked police posts and an army base, sparking an operation by security forces that is now being condemned as ethnic cleansing - a charge Naypyitaw denies.

Many who fled to Bangladesh say they were driven out by a mix of security forces and ethnic Rakhine vigilantes, who then set their homes on fire. In addition to those who had fled during earlier bouts of conflict, south-eastern Bangladesh now hosts some 700,000 Rohingya. Analysts fear regional militants may be drawn to this conflict.



Ms Suu Kyi stressed yesterday that the bulk of Rohingya in Rakhine did not flee Myanmar.

"I think it is very little known that the great majority of Muslims in Rakhine state have not joined the exodus," she said, avoiding the term "Rohingya", which is not recognised as an ethnic group by the government. "More than 50 per cent of the villages of Muslims are intact."

But she said: "We want to understand why this exodus is happening. We would like to talk to those who have fled as well as those who have stayed."



Ms Suu Kyi's speech, telecast on television and the Internet, did not touch on alleged military atrocities.

Instead, she said "we condemn all human rights violations and unlawful violence", and promised that action will be taken against perpetrators "regardless of their religion, race and political position".

The speech drew scathing comments from human rights groups, which had hoped for a stronger stance. Amnesty International said she and her government were just "burying their heads in the sand".

"The real subtext is that she can't do anything about this, and she is not going to do anything about this," independent analyst Kim Jolliffe, who specialises in security and humanitarian affairs, told The Straits Times.

There is little that Ms Suu Kyi can do directly. Despite its parliamentary majority, her National League for Democracy party has no say on military matters or on key portfolios that run the civil service. In Rakhine, she also has to contend with ethnic Rakhine defensive of their rights and aggrieved by all the global attention on the Rohingya.



Nationalist army chief Min Aung Hlaing, who operates independently of Ms Suu Kyi, told the nation in a Facebook post on Saturday to unite over the issue.

While Ms Suu Kyi has promised to implement recommendations for Rakhine's security and development drawn up by a commission led by former United Nations secretary-general Kofi Annan, her government has said it will refuse visas to a UN fact-finding team.

Yesterday, she invited diplomats to visit villages in Rakhine unaffected by the conflict, and urged them to see the larger picture of Myanmar's "fragile" democratic transition. "We would like you to think of our country as a whole," she said. "It is as a whole only, that we can make progress."



Many of Ms Suu Kyi's supporters gathered to listen to her speech.

"They see her as defending (the reputation of) the country," said Mr Sein Win, training director of the Myanmar Journalism Institute.

But given allegations of discrimination that have surfaced, Mr Sein Win said he was disappointed that Ms Suu Kyi did not talk about how specific displaced communities in Rakhine state would receive help.

By generalising, he said, "sometimes you miss the point".























































ISIS, Al-Qaeda drawn to crisis in Rakhine state
By Francis Chan, Indonesia Bureau Chief, The Straits Times, 20 Sep 2017

The plight of the Rohingya, an Islamic minority in Buddhist-majority Myanmar, has evoked strong emotions across the Muslim world.

Many countries have protested against the persecution of the community, following a violent crackdown by the Myanmar army that left hundreds dead and sparked an exodus of more than 410,000 people from Rakhine to Bangladesh.



But as rights groups urge world leaders to impose sanctions on Myanmar's military, which is accused of "ethnic cleansing", a darker danger lies ahead.

Counter-terrorism experts say the crisis has attracted the attention of the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS), as well as Muslim militants and hardliners in Indonesia and Malaysia.

This may result in another longstanding conflict in South-east Asia, following the ongoing siege in the southern Philippine city of Marawi by Islamist militants.

Echoing its strategy in southern Philippines, ISIS has routinely, through its online publication Dabiq, claimed that it plans to establish a base in Bangladesh to launch revenge attacks on the Myanmar government over its treatment of the Muslim Rohingya.



Malaysian counter-terrorism chief Ayob Khan Mydin Pitchay said earlier this week that ISIS is exploiting the Rohingya crisis to recruit more fighters, particularly from South-east Asia.

Indeed, latest developments out of Kuala Lumpur have revealed that a group of Malaysians had travelled to Myanmar, via Bangladesh and Thailand, to take on government troops there.

Malaysian police in Kelantan state, which shares a border with southern Thailand, told news agency Bernama that it has identified more than 100 "rat trails" used for smuggling, and has stepped up patrols there to prevent the illegal entry of Rohingya and "untoward incidents".



Meanwhile in Indonesia, the Islamic Defenders Front (FPI) had called for "jihadists" to travel to Rakhine to fight on behalf of the Rohingya. The FPI has shown that it has the ability to mobilise hundreds of thousands of people, as seen in the many rallies it led against former Jakarta governor Basuki Tjahaja Purnama, a Chinese-Christian politician, for insulting Islam earlier this year.

FPI spokesman Slamet Maarif was quoted by The Australian newspaper earlier this month as saying that the group is prepared to wage "jihad", or a holy war, in Myanmar if the need arises. "That is why one of the main requirements for our recruits is the willingness to die as a martyr," he said.

Centre for Radicalism and Deradicalisation Studies executive director Adhe Bhakti said the real danger for Indonesia lies in whether elements of the Jemaah Ansharut Daulah (JAD), a local terrorist network with ties to ISIS, join the fray. "More influential groups in the context of 'jihad' such as the JAD have yet to appeal for fighters. If they do, that may pose a greater risk," said Mr Adhe.

Islamist militant groups have previously exploited the Rohingya crisis for their cause, notably in 2012 and 2015, but this current conflict has drawn wider attention.

Mr Iftekharul Bashar, an associate research fellow at the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, said the crisis is unfolding at a time when ISIS is losing much of its territory in the Middle East and is trying to expand its hold in South Asia and South-east Asia.

"The recent siege of Marawi... shows that ISIS penetration in the Rakhine state conflict cannot be ruled out," he added.

Datuk Ayob warned that Myanmar's proximity to Malaysia would encourage ISIS to tap the conflict in Rakhine. "Myanmar is closer to Malaysia than Syria and the southern Philippines... and now Rakhine has become their latest destination for 'jihad'," he told Bernama news.



The resurgent Al-Qaeda, which was behind the Sept 11, 2001, attacks in the United States, has also started to make its move, issuing a statement on Sept 12 calling for attacks against the Myanmar government over the Rohingya.

While most of the attention by security agencies has been on ISIS, Mr Bashar warned that Al-Qaeda, and its affiliate in the Indian subcontinent known by the acronym AQIS, is equally dangerous.

AQIS has not carried out any major attacks in Bangladesh in the past few years, but it has recently mentioned the Myanmar military as a key target, added Mr Bashar. "Although the majority of Muslims still support a peaceful settlement with Rohingya returning to their homeland, a smaller segment thinks that an armed 'jihad' is the only solution left to end the plight of the Rohingya."













































Singapore, China look to new areas of cooperation; PM Lee Hsien Loong's Official Visit to China, 19 to 21 Sep 2017

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These include financial, defence and legal matters, as leaders reaffirm deep friendship
By Lim Yan Liang, China Correspondent In Beijing, The Straits Times, 21 Sep 2017

Chinese President Xi Jinping and Singapore Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong discussed new areas of bilateral cooperation yesterday, as they reaffirmed the deep and strong friendship built over the years by successive generations of leaders.

The new areas of bilateral cooperation include those in financial, judicial and legal matters, as well as in defence, the Prime Minister's Office (PMO) said in a statement.

PM Lee, who visited Chinese tech start-up SenseTime, also expressed Singapore's interest to learn from China's experience in growing a vibrant environment for technology start-ups, the PMO said.

The two leaders' meet at the Great Hall of the People.

In his opening remarks, Mr Xi noted that "in this new historical chapter, there are many opportunities to build our ties in substantial and fruitful ways".

The Chinese leader said Mr Lee's visit embodies mutual consensus to advancing bilateral relations, and demonstrates the closeness of ties.



The leaders reaffirmed the deep and strong friendship built over generations of high-level interactions between Singapore and Chinese leaders. They expressed hope that the close relationship will be taken forward by successive generations.

Mr Lee said he was grateful to receive an invitation to visit China at this busy time, when China is preparing for next month's 19th Party Congress, the country's twice-in-a-decade leadership transition.

Both leaders agreed their countries enjoy strategic congruence and share common interests in many areas, which contributed to their close and multifaceted cooperation over the years. This included the successful collaboration in the three government-to-government projects, namely Suzhou Industrial Park, Tianjin Eco-City and the Chongqing Connectivity Initiative.

They also noted the important role played by the major bilateral mechanisms, such as the Joint Council for Bilateral Cooperation and Singapore-China Leadership Forum, which are all chaired by the respective deputy prime minister and vice-premier, and the Judicial and Legal Roundtable co-chaired by the countries' chief justices.



Both leaders, whose meeting was the top item on state broadcaster CCTV's 7pm news bulletin, also agreed to continue working closely to promote even stronger ASEAN-China ties under Singapore's coordinatorship of ASEAN-China dialogue relations and as Singapore assumes the role of ASEAN chair next year.

Mr Xi expressed appreciation for Singapore's early support for the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank. The leaders highlighted the potential of the Chongqing Connectivity Initiative and Southern Transport Corridor to play a vital role in supporting the BRI as well as China's domestic developmental priorities, particularly in western China.

Mr Lee said he welcomed Chinese companies to submit strong and competitive bids for the Singapore-Kuala Lumpur High-Speed Rail project, given China's extensive experience in the field.

He also met parliamentary chief Zhang Dejiang and anti-graft czar Wang Qishan yesterday.

Mr Zhang said he was pleased to see Mr Lee again. They last met 11 years ago when he was the party secretary of Guangdong province. He said Mr Lee's meetings with China's top leaders, including Premier Li Keqiang on Tuesday, showed the country attached great importance to his visit, and to developing friendly relations with Singapore. All four leaders sit on China's top decision-making body, the seven-member Politburo Standing Committee.

Mr Lee and his delegation left for Xiamen, Fujian province, last night.





















PM Lee Hsien Loong thanks China's top graft-buster Wang Qishan for cultivating ties
Singapore leaders honoured to be in Beijing just ahead of CCP leadership congress: PM Lee
By Lim Yan Liang, China Correspondent In Beijing, The Straits Times, 21 Sep 2017

Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong met China's top graft-buster Wang Qishan yesterday, and thanked him for his contributions to Sino-Singapore ties over the years.

"We are very honoured to be here just before the 19th Party Congress," Mr Lee said in his opening remarks, referring to a twice-a- decade meeting next month when the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) reshuffles its top leadership. The congress will start on Oct 18.

"We know it is a very busy time for you and for all your colleagues, and we are very appreciative that you are spending time to cultivate this bilateral relationship and take our cooperation another step forward."

Mr Wang, 69, heads the CCP's Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, or anti-corruption watchdog, and sits on its top decision-making body, the Politburo Standing Committee (PSC).

He said that since China embarked on a path of reform and opening up more than 30 years ago, its leadership has been following what Singapore does very closely.



Singapore, he noted, is one of the countries he has had the most contact with. When he was vice-premier, Mr Wang co-chaired the Joint Council for Bilateral Cooperation (JCBC) from 2008 to 2012 with his Singapore counterpart.

The JCBC, the top body steering bilateral ties between the two countries, is currently co-chaired by Singapore Deputy Prime Minister Teo Chee Hean and Chinese Vice-Premier Zhang Gaoli, who is also a PSC member.

In their meeting, Mr Lee thanked Mr Wang for his contributions to bilateral ties in his various capacities over the years, the Prime Minister's Office said. They also exchanged views on the experiences of Singapore and China in tackling corruption and learning from each other's best practices, it added.

Yesterday's meeting was notable as Mr Wang has kept out of the limelight and has seldom met foreign guests since becoming a key enforcer of President Xi Jinping's anti-corruption campaign in 2012.

Even as Mr Wang said he was "pleasantly surprised" by Mr Lee's request to meet him, it is in keeping with the top leaders' desire to build on bilateral ties forged by earlier leaders.

On tackling corruption, Chinese officials have visited Singapore's Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau, including Politburo member Sun Chunlan in 2013. A crucial reform proposal launched in November that year made direct references to Singapore's model for preventing and fighting corruption.

In his remarks, Mr Wang also paid tribute to the late Mr Lee Kuan Yew, saying that he "had the privilege of having personal conversations with him on multiple occasions".

"He (was) such a visionary figure full of political wisdom," he said. "I gained a lot every time I talked with him... I am really greatly saddened by his passing. He was indeed a great man."





PM Lee explores cutting-edge technology in visit to Chinese firm
By Lim Yan Liang, China Correspondent, The Straits Times, 21 Sep 2017

BEIJING • Unlocking doors with one's face, turning into a mythical character on livestream and solving maths problems with gestures - these were some of the cutting- edge technologies that Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong tried out at Chinese technology firm SenseTime in Beijing yesterday.

Having said that Singapore should learn from China in emerging areas such as cashless payments, Mr Lee took the lead with his visit to the artificial intelligence (AI) company that focuses on facial recognition, big data analysis and deep learning.

SenseTime, set up in 2014, is a rising star in China's start-up scene and counts major companies China Mobile, UnionPay, Weibo and Huawei among its clients.

Mr Lee was shown technologies that Singapore has been trying to roll out under its Smart Nation initiative. These include an AI-enabled surveillance camera network that the Chongqing government has used to monitor and track 70 suspected criminals. Fourteen have been nabbed to date using the system.

SenseTime's chairman, Professor Tang Xiaoou, showed Mr Lee how traffic cameras can be made smarter: Using the firm's technology, computers are able to differentiate different forms of passenger and vehicular traffic from a livestream of vehicles passing right outside the office.

The company also demonstrated the military applications of its technologies. Defence Minister Ng Eng Hen saw how AI can be used to analyse satellite imagery for military assets, and topographic and terrain data. The technologies also have disaster-relief applications, such as the mapping of road conditions and detecting cracks.

Singapore has been on a push to not only roll out more sensors such as surveillance cameras and air quality monitors, but also harness technology such as machine learning to make sense of the vast sea of data that is being collected.

The applications of AI as demonstrated by SenseTime, including the use of facial recognition as an authentication method, are relevant to three major projects under way in Singapore: The Smart Nation Sensor Platform, the National Digital Identity and e-payments.

SenseTime's technology touches all three fields.

Prof Tang shared that his firm's facial recognition is being used by a major retail client for payments in a trial cashierless department store. It is successful enough that a second one has been planned.

SenseTime has raised at least US$410 million (S$551 million) to date in venture capital, and is valued at US$1.5 billion, putting it at No. 56 on the China Money Network's China Unicorn Ranking of private tech companies valued at US$1 billion or more in China.
















Singapore to forge stronger ASEAN-China cooperation: PM Lee
By Lim Yan Liang, China Correspondent In Beijing, The Straits Times, 20 Sep 2017

Singapore will promote stronger ASEAN-China cooperation during its chairmanship of the regional grouping next year, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong said at a meeting with Premier Li Keqiang yesterday, the first day of his visit to China.

Both leaders touched on ASEAN-China ties, and affirmed the progress made during Singapore's ongoing tenure as country coordinator for ASEAN-China dialogue relations, the Prime Minister's Office (PMO) said after the meeting.

"Premier Li expressed support for Singapore's ASEAN chairmanship in 2018," the PMO added.

Mr Li said he hoped Singapore would help to bring new vitality to ASEAN-China ties.

PM Lee said he was glad for the opportunity for both sides to discuss how to work together for the regional context and for ASEAN, and hoped Singapore can make a contribution to bring ASEAN and China closer together.



Yesterday, PM Lee received a ceremonial welcome from Premier Li before their meeting at the Great Hall of the People.

They discussed regional developments, and expressed their deep concern over the heightening tensions on the Korean peninsula.

Mr Li also accepted PM Lee's invitation to visit Singapore at the earliest mutually convenient time.

At the meeting were Defence Minister Ng Eng Hen, Foreign Minister Vivian Balakrishnan, Finance Minister Heng Swee Keat, Minister in the Prime Minister's Office Chan Chun Sing and Parliamentary Secretary Amrin Amin.

Mr Li was joined by National Development and Reform Commission chairman He Lifeng, Housing and Urban-Rural Development Minister Wang Menghui, Commerce Minister Zhong Shan and Vice-Foreign Minister Zhang Yesui.

PM Lee said in a Facebook post after a banquet last night that the meeting was "fruitful", adding: "Will do our best to bring ASEAN and China closer together."










China places great importance on ties with Singapore: Premier Li Keqiang
Both sides have gained from the relationship built on mutual respect, equal footing, he says
By Lim Yan Liang, China Correspondent In Beijing, The Straits Times, 20 Sep 2017

China has always placed great importance on bilateral ties with Singapore, Premier Li Keqiang told Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, who arrived for a three-day official visit yesterday.

The relationship is built on a foundation of mutual respect and equal footing, Mr Li said, and this has benefited the people of both countries.

Mr Lee thanked the Premier for extending a warm welcome, and said he was grateful for Mr Li's attention to bilateral ties.

The two leaders held a 45-minute meeting at Beijing's Great Hall of the People, which was preceded by an official welcome ceremony. Mr Li also hosted a dinner banquet in Mr Lee's honour.

At their meeting, the leaders reaffirmed the warm and longstanding friendship between Singapore and China. They welcomed the frequent high-level interactions between leaders of the two countries in recent months, the Prime Minister's Office (PMO) said.

They also reviewed the extensive and substantive bilateral cooperation between Singapore and China, especially in economic and financial collaboration, the PMO added.

They welcomed the good progress made in negotiations for the upgrade of the China-Singapore Free Trade Agreement, and discussed the potential for deepening bilateral ties through new areas of collaboration, such as in financial and judicial and legal cooperation.

Mr Li, who last met Mr Lee at the ASEAN Summit in Laos a year ago, welcomed Singapore's support for China's Belt and Road Initiative.

The two leaders noted the potential of the Chongqing Connectivity Initiative, their countries' third government-to-government project, to link the land- and sea-based trade routes.

On ASEAN-China ties, Mr Lee told Mr Li that Singapore will promote stronger cooperation between the two sides when it takes over as ASEAN chair next year.



At a press conference for international media, Mr Bai Tian, vice-director of the Chinese Foreign Ministry's Asian department, said both sides pledged to strengthen cooperation at all levels. This included the three ongoing government-to-government projects in Suzhou, Tianjin and Chongqing, as well as official platforms such as the Joint Council for Bilateral Cooperation, which is co-chaired by Deputy Prime Minister Teo Chee Hean and Chinese Vice-Premier Zhang Gaoli.

Mr Bai said Mr Lee's visit sends a "very important political signal", given that China will be holding a key political meeting soon.

The Chinese Communist Party will convene its 19th Party Congress starting on Oct 18, a twice- a-decade reshuffle of the top echelons of the Chinese leadership.

"For Singapore to visit on the eve of the meeting shows that both sides have maintained high-level visits at a good momentum, and is a very important political signal," Mr Bai said. "I am very confident in China-Singapore relations and, with hard work from both sides, the relationship will grow from strength to strength."

Mr Lee will meet President Xi Jinping, parliamentary chief Zhang Dejiang and Mr Wang Qishan, who heads the party's commission for discipline inspection, today.

He will travel to Xiamen in Fujian province, where he will meet provincial party chief You Quan. He will visit ST Aerospace Technologies (Xiamen) Company and a polyclinic set up jointly by Singapore and China in 2011.

















Singapore to ensure ties with China advance with the times: PM Lee
Partnership has evolved over three decades, he says ahead of trip to China; both have much to learn from each other
By Lim Yan Liang, China Correspondent In Beijing, The Straits Times, 19 Sep 2017

Singapore has been working with China at each step of its development, and will continue to ensure that the partnership advances with the times, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong said in an interview published yesterday.

Noting that China's transformation has been very fast-paced, Mr Lee laid out how the Singapore- China partnership at the government level has also evolved over the past three decades.

From the Suzhou Industrial Park in the early 1990s which focused on industrialisation, to the Tianjin Eco-City which emphasised sustainable development, Singapore has chosen projects which are meaningful to China and compatible with China's own policy focus and development priorities of the time, he told Xinhuanet ahead of his three-day official visit to China starting today.

The new Chongqing Connectivity Initiative is also in this vein, with its focus on modern services such as banking and logistics, plugging into China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and its push to develop its western frontier.

He added that a memorandum of understanding that Singapore and China signed in May will spur both sides to deepen collaboration on the BRI to build ports, roads, railways and industrial parks along sea and land trade routes.

For instance, a Chinese company looking to expand into the region can "borrow Singapore's strengths" by setting up a regional headquarters in the Republic to take advantage of its financial centre, transportation hub, and trade and services facilities, he said.

But Mr Lee also stressed that both countries have much to learn from each other.

Besides the training of officials, he cited the Singapore-China Forum on Leadership and the Singapore-China Social Governance Forum as two ongoing platforms that bring officials together to exchange views and experiences, and said these "are never a one-way flow".

China's tremendous growth means that many of its brands and companies, such as Taobao, WeChat and Huawei, today possess cutting-edge technology that is among the world's best, and Mr Lee said he had personally witnessed how, over the past 30 years, China's prosperity had transformed all of its cities and provinces.

This "national-level transformation" has touched many aspects of Chinese society, from highways to telecommunication networks, and has also changed people's lives and outlook, he added.

He cited the cashless payments revolution as one area in which China has moved faster and gone farther than any other country, noting that for many Chinese today, an empty wallet is less a problem than a phone that has gone flat.

Mr Lee said he had shared the Chinese example in his National Day Rally speech in the hope that it will spur Singapore to do better in its push to become a Smart Nation.

On his trip, Mr Lee will meet President Xi Jinping, Premier Li Keqiang, who will host a welcome ceremony and dinner banquet in his honour, and top legislator Zhang Dejiang.

Mr Lee will also travel to Xiamen to meet top officials there, and visit ST Aerospace Technologies (Xiamen) Company and the Fujian (Xiamen)-Singapore Friendship Polyclinic, the first polyclinic jointly set up by Singapore and China in 2011.

He will also attend a commemorative event to mark the completion of the refurbishment of the facade of the OCBC Building.

Accompanying PM Lee are Mrs Lee, Defence Minister Ng Eng Hen, Foreign Minister Vivian Balakrishnan, Finance Minister Heng Swee Keat, Minister in the Prime Minister's Office Chan Chun Sing and Parliamentary Secretary Amrin Amin.

Deputy Prime Minister Teo Chee Hean will be the Acting Prime Minister while Mr Lee is away.










Singapore will try to boost China-ASEAN relations
By Lim Yan Liang, China Correspondent, The Straits Times, 19 Sep 2017

BEIJING • For ASEAN-China trade to flourish, both sides need to work at keeping overall ties strong, said Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong.

Alluding to the need for rationality and restraint on thorny issues such as the South China Sea dispute, Mr Lee said that frictions in the relationship will only affect mutually beneficial cooperation.

This is why Singapore will do its best to positively advance ASEAN-China relations when it assumes the grouping's chairmanship next year, he said in an interview with Xinhuanet ahead of his official visit to China beginning today.

Mr Lee was asked by Xinhuanet to take stock of ties ahead of next year, an important milestone for ASEAN-China relations.

Next year marks 15 years since China became ASEAN's first dialogue partner to sign the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in South-east Asia. It was also the first dialogue partner to establish a strategic partnership with ASEAN in the same year (2003).

Mr Lee highlighted the importance of good relations even as he emphasised that ASEAN-China ties today are deep and multifaceted.

He noted that China is the largest trading partner for many of ASEAN's 10 member countries.

China is also ASEAN's largest source of foreign tourists, with more than 38 million trips recorded between the two sides last year.

Chinese Premier Li Keqiang attends the annual ASEAN summit, and he has plenty to discuss each time he meets ASEAN leaders, Mr Lee added.

This shows not only that the basic relationship is there, but also that the state of relations between China and ASEAN, as well as bilateral ties between China and individual ASEAN countries, is crucial, he said.

While ties between China and some ASEAN states with claims in the South China Sea hit a low point last year after an international arbitral tribunal ruled against China's territorial claims there, relations have since recovered.

ASEAN and China have steadily improved practical cooperation in the disputed waters over the past year, such as by starting Foreign Ministry to Foreign Ministry hotlines.

This month, officials from both sides kicked off discussions that lay the groundwork for negotiations on a Code of Conduct to manage disputes in the South China Sea.

As the country coordinator for ASEAN-China dialogue relations currently, and as ASEAN chair next year, Singapore will certainly try to promote cooperation and coordination between ASEAN and China, said Mr Lee.

The Prime Minister was also asked about a key upcoming tender for the Kuala Lumpur-Singapore high-speed rail project.

He said he hopes to see a Chinese proposal, given China's wealth of expertise and technology accrued in building its own high-speed rail network over the past decade.

Mr Lee said he is sure that the Chinese proposal would be of a high quality, and that it would be given "objective and serious consideration".








Xinhuanet Interview with PM Lee Hsien Loong

How Singapore-China ties have kept up with the times
The Straits Times, 20 Sep 2017

China is undergoing a big rejuvenation as its tech-based businesses lead the world. A successful China is good for Singapore and the world, says PM Lee. Singapore Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong is on an official visit to China which started yesterday and ends tomorrow. These are highlights from an interview in Mandarin he gave to Xinhuanet last Saturday.


Q For past China-Singapore economic and trade cooperation, not only was it strong from a wide point of view, there were many pragmatic projects. There are several industrial parks at the national and provincial levels. When we talk about China-Singapore cooperation, the cooperation in industrial parks is very conspicuous, such as the Suzhou Industrial Park, the flagship project between both nations. In today's economic and trade relations, there are changes in the regional economies, and there are also changes in the industrial economy. What do you think are the new ways and formats to further promote the trade and economic cooperation between China and Singapore?

A Bilateral cooperation must advance with the times -与时俱进.

As China is developing very fast, its needs are different at every stage of the development, so the focus of bilateral cooperation must also match correspondingly.

In response to the bilateral cooperation, people are also cooperating very quickly, so they will naturally find the most favourable market which will allow them to play the biggest role.

Country to country, the first important project between China and Singapore was the Suzhou Industrial Park which began in the early 1990s. At that time, China was developing different development zones, attracting investment and wooing foreign investments, so we developed the Suzhou Industrial Park. It was (mainly) the transfer of software - transferring the software of some industrial park management and attracting investments. The industrial park can now be said to be mature, successful, and may even have a chance to be listed one day. This can be said to be the first flagship project.

The second flagship project was the Tianjin Eco-City which we did 10 years ago. At that time, China was concerned about sustainable development and environmental protection, so the eco-city focused on these two themes. (However) the eco-city was not limited to these two themes in the last 10 years. We are now talking about some issues of the smart cities, and have also held some projects on healthcare training. This is also related to issues of social management and social policy.

The third project is in Chongqing, the China-Singapore (Chongqing) Demonstration Initiative on Strategic Connectivity. This is the latest project; it is, of course, still at the initial stage, at the starting point.

We hope it can provide a demonstration for China's western development drive, as the theme of this project is connectivity and modern service industry. The service industry covers finance, banking and logistics, so this is not just hardware, or not just some investment in construction and factories, but the facilitation and simplification of the system, operation and services, so that companies can develop their potential as far as possible.

For example, for the Chongqing project, we are now discussing a proposal for the Southern Transport Corridor. The Southern Transport Corridor concerns the railway from Gansu to Chongqing, and all the way to the Qinzhou Port in Guangxi Beibu Gulf.

The railway is already there, but the problem is that we need to simplify the procedures, reduce the time, reduce costs, so that companies can use this logistical line and export goods more conveniently.

The western part of China may have rich resources and a vast territory with a big population, but it faces a big problem of too great a distance, so it is not so convenient to reach the international market, as there is a distance of thousands of kilometres from the Yangtze River down to Shanghai.

It will be more convenient and faster if we use the Southern Transport Corridor to reach Beibu Gulf. It will also be faster from Beibu Gulf to Singapore, and also very convenient to reach South-east Asia. From South-east Asia, you can immediately use the international shipping to go to all the countries in the world.

These are the specific cooperation projects, and we choose key areas which are meaningful to China, able to match China's policy focus and developments. We do it together when both sides feel it is meaningful and there is value in them.





Q On the basis of economic and trade cooperation, both countries cannot avoid cooperation in areas like social governance, sustainable development and cultural exchanges. On the basis of trade and economic ties, what do you think are other areas of cooperation between Singapore and China?

A In fact, many Chinese officials have come to Singapore for training, and many officials from Singapore have visited China, too, for observation tours, so both of us learn from each other and exchange experiences.

This is very valuable. We also have some formal cooperation projects. For example, we have held the Forum on Leadership with the Organisation Department, and also a high-level Social Governance Forum with the Political and Legal Affairs Commission.

These forums provide a platform for our officials and cadres to have the opportunity to interact, learn from each other, and absorb each other's experiences. This is a two-way exchange, and not only a one-way exchange.

We face some similar problems, and even though our national conditions are different, we can look at how others are solving problems, get some inspiration, and be more flexible and more effective in dealing with our own problems.


Q In 2015, Singapore launched the smart nation vision for 2025, and this is Singapore's national policy. You have mentioned recently the convenience of mobile payment in China. Why do you raise China as an example for electronic payment?

A Because you have moved at the fastest pace in this area, and may be the most advanced and most widespread in the world.

I have not experienced China's electronic payments personally, but my friends told me that cash is no longer used in China, and payments are made via Alipay or WeChat. So when people go out, they say they do not fear not having money in the pockets, but fear that the batteries run flat in their mobile phones, so this is a very convenient payment system for the residents.

We have not reached this level, we are still trying. But to see China reaching that level, I want to inspire Singaporeans that if China can do it, we should learn from them, learn from their experience, and we should also be able to do it. In fact, in Singapore, some merchants are also offering the Alipay service, including some taxis. You can use Alipay to pay if you board the taxis, so it will be a convenience for tourists from China, making them feel at home.


Q The Chinese Communist Party will convene the 19th party congress on Oct 18. I would like to ask you for your evaluation of China's overall development in the next five or 10 years.

A I have visited China for more than 30 years, and over the past 30 years, I have witnessed a huge change in China. All the cities and all the provinces are much more prosperous than before, and have grown many times. Not all the cities are like Shanghai or Beijing, but all the cities have made huge progress compared to 10 or 20 years ago.

This is a national change, and there are also huge changes in the areas of infrastructure, for example airports, highways, high-speed rail, communications and telecommunication networks. One can go online immediately in every place and in every city in China. Life is very convenient today; this was unthinkable 30 years ago.

China's companies, including telecommunication companies and various technology companies, are in fact among the best on the international platform, or on the global platform. Taobao, WeChat, Huawei - these are not only big companies, but companies with very advanced leading technology.

Therefore, China has made a lot of progress in many areas. Our deepest impression is that the thinking of the Chinese people has changed, and their way of life is different; their expectations of the future, their determination to solve problems, their courage to seek new breakthroughs, all this does not come by easily.

Everyone feels that the people of China have stood up. From the Opium Wars more than 160 years ago to the present, China is going through a great rejuvenation -大复兴 - and it wants to boost its own capability with this courage and this determination.

I think there will certainly be challenges in the next five to 10 years. China is a big and complex country, and running China is never a simple matter. But with such courage and unity, China will certainly overcome the difficulties, continue to develop and move forward.

From Singapore's point of view, we think this is a very good thing, because a successful China, one which is prosperous and self-confident, a China with peaceful and mutually beneficial ties with neighbouring countries and other countries is not only a blessing for China, but also a good thing for the world.

Translated by Lim Ruey Yan










NTU Majulah Lecture 2017 by DPM Tharman Shanmugaratnam

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Questions raised about presidential election show that people want race to matter less: DPM Tharman
By Amelia Teng, The Straits Times, 21 Sep 2017

It is "understandable" that questions have been raised about the recent presidential election, said Deputy Prime Minister Tharman Shanmugaratnam, who last night offered a positive take on the concerns flagged.

"It is encouraging that people feel about this, and they want race to matter less in the future," he said during a dialogue at the Nanyang Technological University (NTU).

"It is encouraging because it shows that we value what we say in our Pledge."

Mr Tharman was responding to a question on whether the reserved election has entrenched even more deeply the idea of race, and whether it in fact marks a regression in race relations.

The minister, who said he himself would have also preferred a contest, "like most people", said however that the aspiration for race not to count is something that requires working towards.

"It cannot just be a pledge, it cannot be just an incantation," he said. "Sometimes, it requires a conscious act of the state.

"The reality of the matter is, not just in Singapore, but anywhere else, including the most mature democracies, that everything else (about a candidate) being equal, race, ethnicity, religion, matters."



He cited an editorial by Malaysian publication Mingguan Malaysia, on how it was unimaginable that Singapore has a Malay president when it has 75 per cent Chinese. "An insightful piece, because they are not great fans of Singapore. But they decided to write an editorial commending what happened... But we are not a special people. We have to work to be different and continue on this journey."

Mr Tharman was speaking at NTU's inaugural Majulah Lecture, a new initiative by the university that aims to tackle topics relevant to the development of Singapore.

He laid out five key shifts Singapore's education system needs to make in a changing world. These include ensuring every child has a fair chance of success, reducing academic load and broadening education. There must also be more flexibility in differentiating students, developing individuals' potential throughout life and deepening multiculturalism from young, he added.

On the last point, Mr Tharman elaborated: "Never forget that growing up as a minority is different from growing up in the majority. Never pretend it is the same."

"It requires extra action, extra empathy, and that sense of sharing the same boat together," he added, using the Chinese idiom 风雨同舟. This multicultural quality of the Singapore identity is something that has to be shaped and experienced from young, especially in the context of a world occupied by strife, said Mr Tharman.

"It has to start from young. The beautiful thing about kids is that they love play, they love dance and they love sports. We can shape these instincts if we are conscious about mixing them early in life."

He flagged an observation about co-curricular activities (CCAs) in school. "I think our CCAs are too ethnically defined in practice, in ways that sometimes puzzles. Football today is different from what it was in 70s and 80s - you look at our national team. All very good players. But it used to be a much more multiracial team in those days.

Towards the end of a nearly one-hour speech, he teared while speaking of how he has noticed Indian or Chinese girls performing in Malay dances in school.

"That is when you get 'getaran jiwa', the stirring of the heart," he said, using a Malay phrase. "The parents notice it, their children know it, and slowly they realise we are a lot more the same than we thought."















Public concerns over reserved Presidential Election understandable: DPM Tharman
By Faris Mokhtar, TODAY, 21 Sep 2017

It is “understandable” that concerns were raised over the recent reserved Presidential Election (PE), and the “encouraging” public debate showed that Singaporeans have an aspiration for race to matter less, Deputy Prime Minister Tharman Shanmugaratnam said on Wednesday (Sept 20).

However, this aspiration requires action, and cannot be achieved by simply reciting the national pledge or through an “incantation”, said Mr Tharman, who was the first Cabinet Minister to address public disquiet over the PE, held last week.

The PE was won via a walkover by Madam Halimah Yacob, who was the sole eligible candidate. At her swearing-in ceremony at the Istana last Thursday, Mdm Halimah noted the unhappiness some Singaporeans felt about the recent changes to the Elected Presidency scheme.

“Like them, I look forward to the day when we will no longer need to rely on the provision to have reserved elections, and Singaporeans naturally and regularly elect citizens of all races as Presidents,” she said.

Mr Tharman, who was speaking at a dialogue after delivering the inaugural Nanyang Technological University Majulah Lecture, said he agreed with the President when responding to an audience member who questioned whether the reserved election undermined meritocracy, and entrenched the notion of race, and whether Singapore was “regressing as a society”.

Mr Tharman said most Singaporeans, including himself, would have preferred a contest. However, he pointed out: “The reality of the matter not just in Singapore but anywhere else, including most mature democracies, is that everything else being equal, race, ethnicity and religion matter. You don’t need to be a sociologist to know that. It’s the reality.”

He added: “You need a way of ensuring that from time to time, we all see that in practice and applies to every part of the Pledge … It doesn’t happen naturally. It requires a conscious effort and never forget, that growing up as a minority is different from growing up as a majority ... Never pretend that it’s the same.”



Former Senior Minister of State for Foreign Affairs Zainul Abidin Rasheed, who was among the audience, comprising university students and guests, also raised the topic of the reserved election when he asked Mr Tharman to speak about his concerns with Singapore’s social cohesion.

In response, Mr Tharman reiterated that social cohesion is a work in progress. Pointing out the divisiveness occurring in the region and the rest of the world, Mr Tharman said: “We are not special people. We are a human society like any other, and the natural workings of society, you can just let it go with the market, it can very easily lead to divisions deepening. So we have to avoid it.”

Mr Tharman also responded to a question on Government control of the media, and whether he agreed with the People’s Action Party’s (PAP) practice of “gutter politics” during the Bukit Batok by-election last year.

The phrase was used by Singapore Democratic Party chief Chee Soon Juan who lost the by-election to the PAP’s Murali Pillai. Dr Chee had criticised the PAP for launching personal attacks against him during the hustings.

Thanking the audience member for “being willing” to ask the question, Mr Tharman said he did not agree “with every tactic by every one of my colleagues”, adding that nevertheless, the PAP continues to be defined by its insistence on “character, honesty and being true to Singaporeans”.

He acknowledged that the ruling party has fallen short of its standards at times, and when this happens, action is taken against individuals who have let the party down.

Speaking from personal experience as a former civil society activist, Mr Tharman noted several times that Singapore is a vastly “more open and liberal place” compared to what it used to be. The sense of fear and constraint “is far less now”, he added.

“It is a vastly more open society now than it used to be. Vastly more open politically and people don’t have to be frightened,” said Mr Tharman.

He also reiterated that Singaporeans are in the position to judge the PAP, and will do so in the next General Election, which is due to take place by April 2021.

Mr Tharman added: “I don’t think Singaporeans are fools. I don’t think they’re fools at all. And even when they read the mainstream media, they don’t read it blindly.”















DPM Tharman on Singapore's education system

Biggest mistake is to think 'if it ain't broke, don't fix it'
He highlights five key shifts for system during NTU's inaugural Majulah Lecture
By Amelia Teng, The Straits Times, 22 Sep 2017

The biggest mistake for Singapore's education system is to think that "if it ain't broke, don't fix it", said Deputy Prime Minister Tharman Shanmugaratnam on Wednesday evening.

In a speech addressing some 1,500 students, academics, university students and members of the public, he laid out the challenge for the education system: to develop a truly innovative society while retaining social cohesion.

"The system that we have today is different from the system we had 20 years ago, and quite different from 50 years ago. There's been constant evolution of our education system, and that's really our challenge and our opportunity for the future," he said at the first Majulah Lecture organised by Nanyang Technological University.

The annual lecture is a new initiative by the university to tackle topics about Singapore's development.

Mr Tharman, who is also Coordinating Minister for Economic and Social Policies, said the education system must keep changing and experimenting, or it might "end up on the wrong side of history".

"In education, more than in any other field, we will only know how well we are doing 20 or 30 years from now," he said.

Mr Tharman highlighted five key shifts that the education system must make to face the challenges of a tumultuous future.

The first, he said, is to do more as early as possible to give every child "a fair chance of success". "As some would put it, you've got to mitigate the 'lottery of birth'," he said.

Secondly, there needs to be "fluid and flexible pathways as children grow up", he said.

"We should avoid the extremes of either uniformity or rigid differentiation, and avoid paths with dead ends. Every path must be porous, allowing you to move from one path to another."

For instance, Singapore has moved away from streaming students to adopting subject-based banding and greater fluidity in secondary schools, he said.



The third shift is to reduce the academic load to give space to develop a culture of innovation and creative ability. "It doesn't happen if we spend a large amount of time working on high-stakes exams; you don't develop the creative part of your brain."

He noted that schools are broadening their admissions systems to allow students to develop in diverse ways.

The fourth is to get people to develop their potential throughout life, said Mr Tharman, adding that innovation requires a deep mastery of skills, which comes from experience, thinking and doing over time.

The final shift is for Singapore to deepen its multiculturalism from an early age.

"The beautiful thing about kids is that they love play, they love dance, and they love sports. We can shape these instincts if we are conscious about mixing them early in life."

In this process of deepening multiculturalism, the Singapore identity is further strengthened, said Mr Tharman.

He ended his nearly one-hour-long speech with a phrase from the National Anthem.

"When you think of our Anthem, remember 'Mari kita bersatu, dengan semangat yang baru (Let us unite, with a new spirit)'," he said.

"And that new spirit was not intended just for the day we became a new nation 52 years ago. Every so often we need that new spirit in our society, and that's how we go forward together."










Singapore 'has become a more liberal place'
By Tham Yuen-C, Assistant Political Editor, The Straits Times, 22 Sep 2017

Singapore has become a more liberal place compared with what it used to be, said Deputy Prime Minister Tharman Shanmugaratnam on Wednesday at a dialogue with students.

He added that people now feel less fear and constraint than they did in the past.

But he acknowledged that, at times, there are still "pushbacks" which people "may not like".

He was speaking during the question-and-answer session at the Nanyang Technological University's Majulah Lecture.

A student had asked Mr Tharman about media control and whether the minister agreed with what he saw as "gutter politics" employed by People's Action Party leaders during the Bukit Batok by-election last year.

Mr Tharman, in reply, said he did not want to minimise the significance of what the student had said, but added that the country has "really changed".

Recounting his own experience as "someone who has lived through some of Singapore's history", having grown up in the 1960s and becoming politically active in the 1970s, he said: "It is a vastly different and more liberal place compared with what it used to be. The sense of fear, the sense of constraint is far less now."

While he does not "agree with every tactic by every one of my colleagues", he said, the PAP's insistence on character, honesty and being true to Singaporeans is something that defines the party.

Describing this as a trait that "shows up almost all the time", he acknowledged that the PAP had, at times, fallen short of the bar it had set itself.

On these occasions, he said, action was taken against those who did not meet the party's own standards.

"So just bear that in mind, that's one of the colours of the PAP - that emphasis on character," he said.

On the media, Mr Tharman said he believed Singaporeans are discerning. He said that when people get news from the mainstream media, they "do not read blindly".

"They know some things are more likely to come up on Page 4 than on Page 1; the headlines may be a slightly different size, but they read things," he added.

He also said that with the proliferation of social media, people also talk and exchange views more openly.

"I also have great faith in Singaporeans," he said. "Singaporeans judge. Singaporeans judged us in Bukit Batok, Singaporeans judge at each general election, and they will judge the PAP in the next election.

"I don't think Singaporeans are fools," he added.


Singaporean jihadist appears in ISIS recruitment video; 4 in 5 Singaporeans unprepared for terror attack: Poll

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ISD keeping tabs on Singaporean fighter in ISIS video
By Danson Cheong, The Straits Times, 25 Sep 2017

The first known ISIS recruitment video featuring a Singaporean fighter has surfaced on social media, and the authorities say he has been on their radar for some time.

He was identified by the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) as Megat Shahdan Abdul Samad, 39.

He left Singapore in 2014 to work in the Middle East, where he is believed to have been radicalised, MHA said in a statement.

"He subsequently made his way to Syria to join ISIS' ranks. He is believed to still be with ISIS in Syria," it added yesterday.

Home Affairs and Law Minister K. Shanmugam said in a Facebook post that the Internal Security Department (ISD) had been aware of Megat Shahdan's activities, and had spoken to community leaders about him.

The video was posted by Al Hayat Media Centre, a media arm of terror group Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS), and shared by its South-east Asian supporters.

It shows a fighter dressed in desert fatigues, who identifies himself as "Abu Uqayl from Singapore". ISIS fighters commonly take on assumed names.

In the 3min 30sec-long video, seen by The Straits Times, a group of three fighters, including Megat Shahdan, are loading artillery rounds onto a truck in what is believed to be ISIS-held territory in the Middle East. The video was first flagged on social media sites SMRT Feedback and Observer+.

It is part of a series of propaganda videos titled Inside The Caliphate. An earlier video appealed to South-east Asian viewers to migrate to Marawi in the southern Philippines to fight for ISIS.

Speaking to the camera in English, Megat Shahdan praised fighters in "East Asia" - which includes South-east Asia - calling on them to "sacrifice all that is precious".

He then urged extremists elsewhere to join the East Asian fighters, or to travel to the Middle East to fight with ISIS fighters there.

He also addressed Britain's Prince Harry, who visited Singapore in June, saying: "To Harry, you come to Singapore and tell such stories to gain sympathy for the London terror attacks? Why don't you come here and fight us if you are man enough? So we can send you and your Apaches to hellfire."

Referring to the video, Mr Shanmugam said: "We expected this will happen some time."

He added: "Over time, we must assume more of this will happen."

He said Singapore had to think of ways to deal with the radicalisation of its citizens abroad.



ST understands that Megat Shahdan has previous drug-related and criminal convictions.

The ministry also urged anyone who is in contact with him or knows of anyone in touch with him to report it to the authorities.

It said: "The Government takes a very serious view of anyone who supports, promotes, undertakes or makes preparations to undertake armed violence, regardless of how they rationalise such violence, or where the violence takes place."















Latest video a sign of ISIS' focus on South-east Asia: Experts
By Danson Cheong, The Straits Times, 25 Sep 2017

The latest Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) recruitment video featuring a Singaporean fighter is a "game changer", said security experts yesterday, noting that it was evidence of the terror group's determined focus on South-east Asia and its English-speaking Muslims.

The 31/2-minute-long video, which surfaced yesterday, featured a Singaporean fighter by the assumed name "Abu Uqayl". In English, he addressed directly fighters in East Asia and elsewhere, urging them to commit violence in this region.

The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) identified the man as Megat Shahdan Abdul Samad, 39, who left Singapore in 2014 to work in the Middle East, where he was believed to have been radicalised.

Megat Shahdan, it is understood, has a string of criminal and drug-related offences here - including burglary convictions in 1999 and 2002.

His appearance in a recruitment video shows that he has risen up the ISIS ranks to join notable fighters from the region such as Indonesia's Bahrumsyah, said Associate Professor Bilveer Singh of the National University of Singapore.

Bahrumsyah heads ISIS' South-east Asian unit, the Katibah Nusantara. It fights on the front lines and makes propaganda videos in Malay, Bahasa Indonesia and English.

"He was not chosen by accident. He's from South-east Asia, from a country where Muslims are in the minority, and which has been publicly targeted for attack," said Prof Singh, adding that the video aimed to "inspire and motivate" English-speaking Muslims in the region.

With ISIS losing ground in the Middle East, the video was also a clarion call to join the fight elsewhere, particularly in South-east Asia, where conflicts are brewing in the Philippines' Marawi city and Myanmar's Rakhine state, he added.



The video is part of a series of propaganda videos titled Inside The Caliphate. An earlier video appealed to South-east Asian viewers to migrate to Marawi in the southern Philippines to fight for ISIS.

Professor Rohan Gunaratna of the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSIS) said ISIS seeks to deepen its ideological and operational influence in South-east Asia.

"To destabilise the region, its strategy is to radicalise and militarise South-east Asians, including Singaporeans," he said, adding that the video was produced to reach out to Singaporeans in particular.

RSIS associate research fellow Remy Mahzam said the video indicates a strategic shift in language medium - likely part of a push to attract younger, English-speaking Muslims in South-east Asia.

"They no longer use only Arabic as the medium to preach or to push their agenda... They are using a language accessible to the communities here," said Mr Remy.

The video's mention of a visit by Britain's Prince Harry to Singapore in June is also Megat Shahdan's way of showing he is familiar with goings-on in Singapore, said Mr Remy.

He added that there is a risk radicalised Singaporeans could see Megat Shahdan as an "ideologue or someone they can emulate", which could prompt them to carry out lone-wolf attacks here.

The terror threat facing Singapore is at its highest level in recent times. Since 2015, at least 17 Singaporeans have been dealt with under the Internal Security Act for terror-related activities. It is estimated that over 1,000 South-east Asians have travelled to the Middle East to fight under ISIS. Among them are at least two groups of Singaporeans - excluding Megat Shahdan.

In a Facebook post yesterday, Home Affairs and Law Minister K. Shanmugam said that the Internal Security Department has thus far moved early to deal with those who showed signs of radicalisation in Singapore. But he noted that Megat Shahdan is outside Singapore.

"Over time, we must assume more of this will happen. We have to think of ways of dealing with radicalisation of Singaporeans that could take place outside Singapore, particularly in countries where the possibilities of radicalisation are higher," he said.















4 in 5 Singaporeans unprepared for terror attack: Poll
Over 70% admit they don't have life-saving skills, only 12% know SMS number for crises
By Ng Huiwen and Calvin Yang, The Sunday Times 24 Sep 2017

Singaporeans still have some way to go before they are ready to deal with a terror attack here.

A Sunday Times poll found that about four in five Singaporeans feel unprepared if a terror attack were to hit home.

And more than 70 per cent admitted that they have not acquired life-saving skills, including cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and first aid.

Today is exactly a year after the SGSecure national movement, which aims to get all Singaporeans involved in the fight against terror, was launched.

In the past year, the authorities have organised a number of community Emergency Preparedness Days, talks and exhibitions.

Home Team officers have visited 220,000 households and more than 160 schools.

A mobile application, which allows the public to receive important alerts or send information to the authorities via text, pictures or videos, was also launched in conjunction with the campaign.

However, a Sunday Times survey of 250 Singaporeans, aged 13 to 81, found that just 14 per cent have downloaded the SGSecure app - consistent with the Ministry of Home Affairs' (MHA) update that the app has been downloaded on to 843,000 devices.

The poll also found that only about half the respondents knew how to use a fire extinguisher; 30 per cent said they were trained in first aid; and about 22 per cent are certified to administer CPR or operate an automated external defibrillator (AED).

Even more dismal was the percentage of those who knew what number to send an SMS to (71999) during an emergency, if they were unable to call the authorities.

On the bright side, publicity on dealing with suspicious items and persons seems to be working. More than 90 per cent rightly pointed that they should inform service staff and the authorities if they see someone acting suspiciously at an MRT station, or if they found an unattended bag on the bus.

MHA said that while SGSecure has gained "significant momentum", more work is needed in order to sustain it. The ministry said it will be ramping up efforts in the neighbourhoods, schools and workplaces, with a focus on strengthening citizens' response in crises.

The Emergency Preparedness Day, which was revamped amid a heightened terror threat, will be rolled out at all 89 constituencies over the next 18 months. So far, it has been conducted at 36 constituencies.

Observers have said that it is not a question of "if" but "when" a terror attack will strike Singapore.

With threats against Singapore becoming more virulent, some Singaporeans have picked up skills needed to help others in a crisis.

Among them is investment analyst Kelvin Low, 29, whose workplace sends employees for CPR and AED courses and teaches them to use fire extinguishers.

While he is prepared for a terror situation, Mr Low said, the shock of an attack will affect all, "no matter how ready we think we are".



Housewife Ann Zhang, 36, said she knows it is important but has been putting off learning first aid.

"I should set time aside to pick up these skills because anything can happen, and I would want to be able to protect my loved ones," she said.

Additional reporting by Sue-Ann Tan, Daniel Ong and Raffaella Nathan Charles










Thumbprint screening for car travellers at Tuas, Woodlands checkpoints as part of trial for BioScreen security system

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Everyone from age 6 must step out and scan both thumbprints at immigration counters
By Toh Wen Li and Zhaki Abdullah, The Straits Times, 26 Sep 2017

Car drivers and passengers arriving and departing via the Tuas and Woodlands checkpoints have to step out of their vehicles and have both their thumbprints scanned at immigration counters.

The new move, introduced yesterday, is part of a trial to progressively expand the BioScreen security system to motorists, said the Immigration and Checkpoints Authority (ICA).

The security system, launched in April last year, is already in use in clearance zones at land checkpoints, such as those for train and bus travellers, as well as lorries and vehicles transporting goods.

The scanning of the thumbprints at immigration has to be done by everyone in a car, starting from age six. ICA officers will be present at the BioScreen machines to help people use them.

Assistant Commissioner Chua Sze How, commander at Woodlands Command, said the trial is being implemented progressively. This will give people time to become familiar with the new process, said the ICA.

He added: "The security of the country is of utmost importance to us. However, we will calibrate and adjust our implementation according to prevailing security assessments, and we will monitor the ground situation closely."



Some people had raised concerns online that the system might prove challenging for elderly and disabled passengers. Responding, AC Chua said: "For travellers who require special assistance, our officers will assess each situation and render assistance accordingly."

The Straits Times understands that the authorities hope to eventually roll out an automated car clearance system for Singaporeans, permanent residents and long-term pass holders that does not require them to step out of their cars.

Property agent Mohammad Burhan, 38, who travels to Johor by car once or twice a week for work, is concerned the new measure may cause more jams at the checkpoints.

Singapore's land checkpoints are among the busiest in the world, with more than 400,000 crossings daily.

The ICA said in a statement: "With the implementation of BioScreen at car counters, travellers may experience slightly longer immigration clearance time."

In seeking people's cooperation, the ICA said security at checkpoints is a top priority, and the BioScreen system plays an important role in enabling it to verify travellers' identities more robustly.

Transport researcher Park Byung Joon of the Singapore University of Social Sciences said there may be some inconvenience for travellers in the beginning, but in the long run, such security features could help save manpower and allow more traffic to be handled at the checkpoints.


































Smoking ban extended to universities, private-hire cars from 1 Oct 2017

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New restrictions cover private education institutions, and will take effect on Sunday
By Jose Hong, The Straits Times, 27 Sep 2017

Undergraduates and teachers, along with private-hire car passengers, will find it harder to smoke, under new restrictions taking effect from Sunday.

The National Environment Agency (NEA) announced yesterday that smoking will be banned in the outdoor areas of universities, and within the compounds of private education institutions.

It will be limited to designated smoking areas in universities and private education institutions where degrees are offered.

Smoking will also be banned within 5m of the compounds of schools such as pre-schools, madrasahs, junior colleges and polytechnics.

Additionally, smokers will not be able to light up in excursion buses, trishaws and private-hire cars used by firms such as Grab and Uber. This includes ride-sharing services such as GrabShare and UberPool.

The move is an extension of the Smoking (Prohibition in Certain Places) Act, which aims to reduce the exposure of the public to second-hand smoke. After the extension, there will be more than 32,000 places where smoking is banned.

Checks by The Straits Times found that many of the universities here already have no-smoking policies in place.

Professor Lim Seh Chun, associate provost for student affairs at the Singapore University of Technology and Design, said the campus has designated smoking areas.

"Staff and students caught smoking outside the designated areas... could be served with letters of warning and/or counselling," he said.

About 10 students have been caught, he added, but there are no figures for staff.

A spokesman for the National University of Singapore said that the university has had a smoke-free campus since 1998.

Building manager Romi Sofhian Mohd Taib, who goes through about one pack of cigarettes daily, said he supports the ban because he is a responsible smoker who already avoids crowded areas when he smokes.

However, the 38-year-old hopes that the ban extension does not go too far. He was reacting to online comments that called for smoking to be banned even within individual homes.

"For me, that is too much - then where can we go?" he said.

The NEA has been expanding the list of smoke-free places covered under the Act, in consultation with members of the public and stakeholders.

The agency said yesterday that it will "take an advisory approach" in the first three months after the ban takes effect in order to give the public time to adapt, and will verbally warn those caught smoking in the prohibited areas.

However, it may issue fines to those who carry on smoking despite prior warnings.

From Jan 1 next year, the NEA will take enforcement action against all who are caught smoking in the newly prohibited areas.

"No Smoking" signs will be set up in these new places, and bins with ashtrays will either be moved to new locations or be replaced with those that do not have ashtrays.

Last year, about 19,000 tickets were issued to people caught smoking in prohibited areas.








Related
Smoking Prohibition To Be Extended To More Educational Institutions And Public Service Vehicles From 1 October 2017

SGSecure for Workplaces: Singapore rolls out guidelines on dealing with terrorist attacks at the workplace

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Businesses have key role in anti-terror strategy: DPM Teo
He sets out ways in which they can ensure workers and workplaces are ready to handle a terror attack
By Joanna Seow, The Straits Times, 27 Sep 2017

Businesses are a key pillar in Singapore's overall strategy to fortify the country and keep it safe against terror attacks, Deputy Prime Minister Teo Chee Hean said yesterday.

Mr Teo, who is also Coordinating Minister for National Security, set out ways they can get their workplace and workers ready to deal with the destruction and trauma in the event of a terror attack.

These include training workers on emergency preparedness such as first aid and in using defibrillators on people suffering cardiac arrests, as well as training business leaders to identify risks and develop risk-management plans.

To help them, SGSecure Guide For Workplaces, a guidebook that lays out in simple and concrete steps what companies can do, was launched yesterday. It will be given to about 151,000 companies by early next year.

These moves were unveiled at an annual national security conference attended by about 520 business representatives and government officials.

The moves are being made as the terrorist threat to Singapore is at its highest level since 2001, when the Jemaah Islamiah terror group was dismantled, said Mr Teo.

And this week, the authorities confirmed that a fighter in an Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) propaganda video on social media is a Singaporean named Megat Shahdan Abdul Samad.

Also, 11 Singaporeans have been detained and another six issued with Restriction Orders since 2015, more than in the seven years before that.

ISIS and its affiliates are active in the region, Mr Teo said, citing the Marawi conflict in the southern Philippines, the seizure of bomb-making chemicals in Java and the arrest of ISIS supporters in Malaysia.

It was against this backdrop that the SGSecure movement was launched last year, to sensitise, train and mobilise the community to such threats. Yesterday, Mr Teo laid out key areas for businesses to work on.

First, employees must be equipped to protect themselves and their colleagues in an attack.

The public sector will take the lead in preparing its officers for such an emergency, said Mr Teo.

Second, businesses must have contingency plans to protect their workplaces from terror threats. The bizSafe framework has been enhanced to guide them.

Underlining the importance of contingency plans, Mr Teo cited how Morgan Stanley's plan and evacuation drills saved most of its employees in the Sept 11, 2001, terror attacks in the United States.

When the North Tower of the World Trade Center in New York was struck, the firm's director of security told its employees in the South Tower to leave immediately.

Mr Teo said: "Employees were already on their way down the stairs when the South Tower was hit about 20 minutes later.''

Third, companies can partner their communities to strengthen vigilance and boost their ability to respond to crises together.

Mr Teo pointed to an exercise last month to test the finance industry's contingency plans against physical and cyber attacks. It involved financial institutions, building managements and government agencies.

He also called on the business community to help build social cohesion and trust as these will help Singapore recover from an attack.

"Our racial and religious harmony is a key strength," he said.

Other steps that the Government will take include simulation exercises, especially in five priority sectors where large crowds gather: food and beverage, retail, entertainment, hotels and transport.

Singapore Business Federation chairman Teo Siong Seng said at the conference that while businesses are more aware of the severity of terror threats, their level of preparedness is not up to par. "Companies cited difficulty getting staff buy-in as (employees) do not expect terror attacks to happen in Singapore."



















SGSecure will shift focus to lifting levels of preparedness: Home Affairs Minister K. Shanmugam
Many people 'not mentally tuned' to being prepared in case of terror attack: Shanmugam
By Cheow Sue-Ann, The Straits Times, 28 Sep 2017

The focus of a movement to mobilise the community for national security will shift from boosting public awareness of the possibility of a terror attack in Singapore to raising preparedness levels in case of such an event.

Reflecting the change in focus, the SGSecure campaign will use a new tagline "Be Prepared. Our Response Matters" instead of the old "Not If, But When. Our Response Matters".

Announcing the changes on the sidelines of an award presentation ceremony yesterday, Home Affairs Minister K. Shanmugam said the campaign has achieved some success but more work needs to be done as "a lot of people are not mentally tuned to preparedness".

While the SGSecure app has been downloaded about one million times since its launch in September last year, a series of attacks this year in London and Barcelona, and the recent emergence of extremist groups in South-east Asia - particularly in the Philippines' Marawi region and Myanmar's Rakhine state - underscored the urgency of the threat facing Singapore.

"It is going to attract fighters, extremists and would-be fighters to go to these places to fight. And once they come to this region, they are going to try and spread out to other targets too. It is not a pretty picture, and we're going to keep pushing on.

"We still have some ways to go. Awareness is one thing, preparedness is another," said the minister.

He said the Government has made a big push this year to raise preparedness at workplaces and schools.

In response to the recent Singaporean Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) fighter Megat Shahdan Abdul Samad, 39, who appeared in an ISIS propaganda video, Mr Shanmugam said the authorities have been aware of Shahdan for some time, and recognise the severity of the terrorist threat here.

Mr Shanmugam said that radicalisation of Singaporeans has intensified in recent years, both overseas and locally. Between 2015 and this year, 11 people were arrested in relation to radicalisation and terrorism. This figure is much bigger compared with similar time frames across previous years.

Mr Shanmugam said it was a fact that some people will be convinced by propaganda videos. "They feature charismatic speakers who make people angry and get them to go out there and kill someone else."

The Ministry of Home Affairs also announced amendments to the Public Order Act, which will take effect on Sunday.

Under the law, organisers of public events with an attendance of 5,000 or more people at any point in time, or private events with an attendance of 10,000 or more at any point in time, must notify the police at least 28 days in advance.

This will apply to events held on or after Oct 29.

The move will allow the police to issue directions to event organisers to ensure that appropriate security measures are put in place.





Everyone's job to keep Singapore safe
By Joanna Seow, The Straits Times, 28 Sep 2017

The new nationwide push to get workplaces better prepared for terror attacks is a welcome and vital move. It assures workers, who spend about half their waking hours at work, as well as customers gathering at their favourite eateries or nightspots, that close attention is being paid to their security.

Also, it further protects Singapore's small and open economy. A terrorist attack would severely dent its reputation as a safe country and shake business confidence, which would in turn reduce job opportunities for workers.

The dangers cannot be over-emphasised.

On Tuesday, at the launch of the national SGSecure for Workplaces programme, the Government unveiled a guidebook on important preventive measures companies should put in place. These include raising their staff's awareness of emergency procedures and having risk management plans that take into account terror threats. The Government also identified five priority sectors where it will focus its outreach programme . These are food and beverage, retail, entertainment, hotels and transport.

Companies generally support the new security drive. But small firms may worry about the extra cost of educating their staff and having more security measures like closed-circuit TV cameras.

It would be money well spent as the cost of being unprepared would be far worse. It could include loss of lives and limbs, damage and destruction of property as well as disruption of business operations.

As Deputy Prime Minister Teo Chee Hean noted at Tuesday's national security meeting, business leaders would act when they see inefficiencies or unsafe practices at their workplaces because these affect their workers' safety and well-being as well as the company's continuity and reputation.

Preparedness for potential attacks should rank just as highly among their concerns.

With the terrorist threat at its highest level since 2001, security is one area Singapore cannot afford to slip up on. From workers being alert to their surroundings to bosses making security a priority, everyone plays a vital part in keeping Singapore safe.



Judge of Appeal Chao Hick Tin retires, receives rare tribute from ministers, judges and lawyers

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Tributes pour in for retiring Judge of Appeal Chao
Ministers, judges laud Justice Chao Hick Tin and his contributions at valedictory reference
By Selina Lum, Law Correspondent, The Straits Times, 28 Sep 2017

Judge of Appeal Chao Hick Tin, the only judge to have served under all four post-independence Chief Justices, will retire today on his 75th birthday, after over 50 years in public service.

Yesterday, a rare valedictory reference - last held in 1990 for retiring Chief Justice Wee Chong Jin - was conducted to honour Justice Chao and his contributions.

It was attended by Deputy Prime Minister Teo Chee Hean, Law Minister K. Shanmugam as well as fellow judges and lawyers.

Mr Shanmugam, Chief Justice Sundaresh Menon, former deputy prime minister S. Jayakumar, Attorney-General Lucien Wong, Law Society president Gregory Vijayendran, Supreme Court Registrar Vincent Hoong and Judge of Appeal Andrew Phang gave speeches paying tribute to him.

They lauded Justice Chao for his well-known attributes, such as his humanity, patience and kindness, as well as his practical wisdom, clarity of thought and the courage to do what he believed was right.

A book of essays by 17 contributors, titled A Judge For The Ages, which focuses on Justice Chao's work as a judge in diverse areas of law, was also launched at the event. It was edited by Justice Phang and Professor Goh Yihan, dean of Singapore Management University's School of Law.

Mr Shanmugam revealed how Justice Chao, as a 25-year-old legal officer in the Attorney-General's Chambers (AGC), played a role in Singapore's long-term water security when he attended a United Nations Conference on the Law of Treaties in 1968, following Singapore's separation from Malaysia in 1965.

During discussions, the Malaysian representative acknowledged that "some treaties might be so fundamental to the very existence of states that they simply could not be dispensed with, whatever political differences might arise", said Mr Shanmugam.

The representative said the treaty under which Malaysia had to supply a certain quantity of water daily to Singapore "could not be terminated or suspended between the two states for any political reason".

Mr Shanmugam said Justice Chao, on hearing this and realising how important it was as water from Malaysia was linked to Singapore's very survival, reiterated that the Malaysian representative had said that "even the severance of diplomatic relations... would not affect the water agreement between Singapore and Malaysia".

In doing so, Justice Chao had put on official record Malaysia's express confirmation that the water agreements cannot be terminated, whatever political differences might arise, said Mr Shanmugam. And the importance of having that acknowledgement, "as a matter of UN record", was that it has given Singapore added confidence whenever Malaysia took issue with the water agreements.

"We owe Justice Chao a deep debt of gratitude."

Justice Chao obtained his bachelor's degree in law from University College London in 1965, and his master's degree a year later.

He began his legal career in 1967 in the AGC.

He was appointed judicial commissioner in 1987 and elevated to a High Court Judge three years later. He was appointed a Judge of Appeal in 1999.

He was made Attorney-General in 2006, returning to the Bench as Judge of Appeal and vice-president of the Court of Appeal in 2008.

As a legal officer advancing Singapore's interests in the international arena for 20 years, Justice Chao was also involved in the Pedra Branca dispute from the late 1970s, and was a key member of the team that negotiated the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea.

Professor Jayakumar, who was then law minister, recounted how Justice Chao played a pivotal role in fighting to ensure Singapore's navigational interests.

Despite the many capacities in which Justice Chao has impacted Singapore's legal history, it will be his 28 years as a judge that will likely be remembered most vividly, said Chief Justice Menon.

"It was as a judge that he epitomised the human face of justice, and what a lovely face it was; it was as a judge that he contributed a vast tract of jurisprudence that will have an immense and lasting influence on Singapore law for decades to come; it was as a judge that he expressed his deep love for the law most visibly," he added.

Speakers also shared light-hearted anecdotes.

Prof Jayakumar revealed how Justice Chao is an excellent cook who would rustle up fantastic meals after working sessions, while he and the others, including Ambassador-at-Large Tommy Koh, washed the dishes.

Attorney-General Wong related how Justice Chao, who was part of the Singapore delegation for the Asean Law Association conference, was left behind in the Jakarta airport because he chose to go shopping while the others were ushered to the VIP lounge.

"Unflappable as always, he just took the next flight back, with his shopping no less."














Retiring Judge of Appeal Chao Hick Tin on his career: I would not do anything differently
By Selina Lum, The Straits Times, 28 Sep 2017

If he could choose his career path again, Judge of Appeal Chao Hick Tin said he would not have it any other way.

"If I were to start my working life all over again, I would not do anything differently," he said in a written reply to questions from The Straits Times.

"I have had an enriching and fulfilling 50 years in the public service, with many unique experiences along the way, such as being involved in the long-drawn negotiations (from 1974 to 1982) on the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea."

Asked to name significant cases he has handled, Justice Chao, who has penned more than 600 judgments, said two cases came to mind, not because of the legal issues raised but because of the length of the trial and the animosity between the parties.

One was a dispute he heard in the 1990s between a daughter-in-law and a mother-in-law, while the other was the divorce of a celebrity couple and the related matters.

He also cited the recent split decision in the murder case of Jabing Kho, in which a five-judge Court of Appeal ruled 3:2 that the death sentence should be imposed, as the accused had attacked the victim in a savage and brutal manner that displayed a blatant disregard for human life. Justice Chao wrote the majority decision.

Loved by lawyers for his patience and kindness, Justice Chao is known for giving lawyers a good hearing.

"As I see it, the task of the judge is to hear the parties and decide the matter fairly and impartially, having regard to the evidence before the court and the applicable law.

"I feel that the court, especially a trial court, ought to give the parties adequate time to establish their respective cases. This is not to say that the court should always indulge a party's pointless pursuit of a particular line of questioning or a particular legal point. The court must always seek to strike a balance, bearing in mind time and resource constraints," he told ST.

In his speech at his valedictory reference yesterday, Justice Chao credited this philosophy to a piece of advice that has shaped the way he has acted as a judge all these years.

"The advice was this: Let counsel develop his case; don't anticipate and be slow to stop counsel from adducing evidence. Even on a point of law which you may think you are familiar with, always listen to what counsel has to say first."

In his speech, he noted that his 50 years in public service have had their ups and downs.

"Of course, there were times when dispensing justice in a case seemed difficult or elusive. Still, as judges, we always have to do our level best."

Post-retirement, he said his immediate plan was to travel.

"I have spent a good 50 years in the public service. I only hope that I have in some small way contributed to the development of our law and our legal system," he told ST.




SAFE REFUGE

In the 1980s, appearing in some of our courts could be like being caught in a tempest. So the calmness and kindness in Justice Chao's court was like getting a safe refuge.

- LAW MINISTER K. SHANMUGAM, who was a young lawyer in the 1980s taking on his first significant High Court case when he appeared before Justice Chao, then a judicial commissioner.



PROTECTING SINGAPORE'S INTERESTS

I admired the way he would doggedly protect and promote Singapore's interests. If ever there was a situation where I needed a tough comrade in arms, Chao Hick Tin would be that person.

- FORMER DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER AND LAW MINISTER S. JAYAKUMAR, who has worked together with Justice Chao in the context of international negotiations and diplomacy.



MOST LOVED

I do not exaggerate when I say that Justice Chao is the most loved of all the judges... I hope that my colleagues will not take offence when I say that none of us comes close in this particular regard.

- JUDGE OF APPEAL ANDREW PHANG


Singapore's population at 5.61 million as of June 2017

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Singapore's population grows at slowest pace in a decade
Only 5,000 people added in year to June as number of Work Permit holders decreases
By Elgin Toh, Insight Editor, The Straits Times, 28 Sep 2017

If Singapore does not seem more crowded these days, that is because the total population hardly grew in the 12 months since June last year.

It expanded by a mere 0.1 per cent - or about 5,000 - to 5.61 million, the slowest growth rate in more than a decade.

In contrast, the total population - which includes residents and non-residents - in the decade before 2017 expanded by an average of 2.45 per cent each year.

The chief reason for the snail-paced growth is the decrease in the number of Work Permit holders.

As a result, the non-resident population shrank by 1.6 per cent to 1.65 million, the first drop in 14 years.

The fall in the number of Work Permit holders is due to the slowdown in two sectors - construction, and marine and offshore engineering - the National Population and Talent Division said in its annual Population in Brief report, which was released yesterday.

Non-residents consist of Work Permit holders, Employment and S Pass holders, foreign students, foreign maids and other dependants.

Dr Mathew Mathews of the Institute of Policy Studies said the reduced number of non-residents reflects "the tightening of the inflow of migrants", and is in line with government attempts to nudge industries to raise produc-tivity "rather than just rely on additional labour".

He added that in the longer term, it is important to consider if "there is sufficient quality foreign manpower that can be injected into the Singaporean labour force".

"It is always a question of balancing the needs of a robust economy with sufficient manpower and ensuring a Singaporean core is not compromised," he said.

Associate Professor Tan Ern Ser of the National University of Singapore said if the fall in Work Permit holders is due to industries transforming and relying less on foreign labour, "then it may be good news for those who are unhappy about the large proportion of migrant labour in Singapore".

Meanwhile, Singapore's citizen population continues to age.

The proportion of Singaporeans aged 65 and older rose to 14.4 per cent, from 13.7 per cent in 2016.

Citizen births remained stable.

It fell in 2016 by 1.7 per cent to 33,167, after a record high in 2015 that experts attributed to the SG50 feel-good effect. Still, the 2016 figure is higher than the average of 32,200 in the past 10 years.

On the whole, the citizen population grew by 0.9 per cent to 3.44 million, owing to citizen births and immigration, the report said.

The breakdown of citizens by ethnicity did not change from a year ago: 76.1 per cent Chinese, 15 per cent Malay, 7.4 per cent Indian and 1.5 per cent other races.

The permanent resident population stayed flat at 527,000.

Citizen marriages - or marriages involving at least one citizen - rose marginally last year to 23,873. Of these, 36 per cent were between a citizen and a non-citizen, down from 41 per cent in 2010.

Citizen marriages involving two races stood at 21 per cent in 2016, the same as in 2015 but significantly higher than 10 years earlier, when it was 15 per cent.














Singapore ageing at faster pace than a decade ago
Pool of citizens aged 65 and older grew to 14.4% this year, from 9.4% in 2007, as lifespans increase and births stay low
By Elgin Toh, Insight Editor, The Straits Times, 28 Sep 2017

Singapore is greying at a faster pace compared with the last decade, said the annual Population in Brief report released by the National Population and Talent Division yesterday.

The reason: Singaporeans are living longer and having few babies.

Proportionally, the pool of citizens aged 65 and older grew to 14.4 per cent, from 13.7 per cent last year - markedly higher than in 2007, when the figure was 9.4 per cent.

Along with this increase, the median age of citizens rose marginally to 41.3, from 41 last year.

Also, the ratio showing the number of citizens aged 20 to 64, for every citizen aged 65 and older, has gone down to 4.4, from 4.7 last year.

This citizen old-age support ratio could drop to as low as 2.4 by 2030, the report said.


The report also highlighted that women who marry earlier tend to have more children. Those who marry at 25 have an average of nearly two children by age 45, while women who marry at 35 have an average of about one child by 45.

Total resident fertility rate fell from 1.24 in 2015 to 1.2 last year, significantly lower than the replacement rate of 2.1.

Experts told The Straits Times that while the population will continue to age, it is less clear what the impact on public spending and the economy will be.

Dr Walter Theseira of the Singapore University of Social Sciences said cohorts entering retirement in the coming years are much better prepared financially than, say, the pioneer generation. This means public spending on each retiree throughout their retirement years is expected to go down, he said.

But this hinges on two things not going up too much in the coming years, he added. One is healthcare costs - in view of medical advancements - and the other is how much retirees expect the Government to spend on their needs.

Associate Professor Tan Ern Ser of the National University of Singapore said that "if seniors are able to enjoy good health and can support themselves for a much longer time, then there is less cause for concern".

He added that there is potential for meeting the challenges of an ageing population by taking greater advantage of the digital economy.

Where digital transformations can help seniors "extend their productive working lives" and, at the same time, "reduce the need for foreign labour, then the prospect may be somewhat happier", he said.

Dr Mathew Mathews of the Institute of Policy Studies said ageing "does not have to be viewed as a crisis" because many older Singaporeans continue to be productive in their later years.





Singapore is top choice for expats for third year: HSCB Expat Explorer Survey 2017
By Marissa Lee, The Straits Times, 28 Sep 2017

Singapore is the world's top destination for expatriates for the third year running but Switzerland is where they earn the most.

The battle for top spot was tight, with Singapore narrowly beating Norway. New Zealand is third, followed by Germany and then the Netherlands, according to an annual league table produced by British bank HSBC.

It polled 27,587 expats across the world, including 476 here, to compile a ranking of 46 economies.

Almost 75 per cent of those polled here said the country offered better earnings potential than their home country. Indeed, they cited a 42 per cent increase in their annual income since moving here to an average of almost US$118,000 (S$160,000).

But life in Singapore is not cheap, especially for the 40 per cent of those polled who have families.

Almost 90 per cent of this group say childcare here is more expensive than at home, although 26 per cent of all expats here feel their host city - Singapore - offers an excellent education system, compared with only 10 per cent of expats across the entire survey.


Globally, expats have an average annual gross personal income of just under US$100,000 - 25 per cent more than they had at home. That's US$18,000 lower than the average in Singapore. But the place that really takes the cake in pay is Switzerland, where expats earn an average of more than US$193,000 a year - 54 per cent more than what they could draw at home. The top five economies by expat income are Switzerland, India, China, the United States and Hong Kong.

The report also found that investing in property is particularly popular among expats in Singapore, Hong Kong, the United Arab Emirates and Britain, home to some of the most expensive property markets in the world.

Separate research by Savills for HSBC showed prime residential property costs about US$3,800 per sq ft (psf) in Hong Kong, US$1,700 psf in London, US$990 psf in Singapore and US$590 psf in Dubai.

The HSBC poll also noted that 70 per cent of Singaporeans working abroad said their work-life balance has improved since they left home, compared with 53 per cent of expats globally. And 42 per cent of Singaporean expats said their social life is better than it was at home.


The public prosecutor, politics and the rule of law

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Separate the two functions of the Attorney-General and let the prosecutorial function be undertaken by an independent candidate appointed by the President.
By Walter Woon, Published The Straits Times, 29 Sep 2017

The Attorney-General occupies the hottest legal seat in Singapore. This is because the Attorney-General is the public prosecutor. Under Article 35(8) of the Constitution, the Attorney-General "shall have power, exercisable at his discretion, to institute, conduct or discontinue any proceedings for any offence".

In recent times, we have seen the president of a country, which is not shy about wagging its finger at others while lecturing about the rule of law, threatening to remove prosecutors and special counsel when investigations cut too close to the bone for comfort.

Closer to home, there has also been loose chatter online and off that question the Attorney-General's decisions to prosecute. This is based on a misunderstanding of the Attorney-General's function as public prosecutor. Ignorant criticism is unfair to the Attorney-General and his officers. Misinformation, deliberate or otherwise, erodes confidence in the system of justice.

It is necessary first to understand the nature of prosecutorial discretion. As a preliminary matter, a distinction must be made between a prosecution and a civil suit. When a person defames someone else, for instance, the "injured" party (the plaintiff) may seek compensation by means of a civil suit.

The public prosecutor is not involved in this. The commencement of civil litigation is a matter solely for the plaintiff. No one can stop him from suing. If he wins, he gets compensation (which does not have to be a substantial sum). If he loses, he pays the defendant's costs.

Criminal defamation is an offence under the Penal Code. It is up to the Attorney-General to decide whether or not to lay charges. This is termed a prosecution, in contrast to civil proceedings. The object is not to obtain compensation for an injured party but rather to protect society's interests by imposing some sort of punishment, often as a deterrent to others.

As provided in the Constitution, the Attorney-General has discretion over this. The accused person (defendant) and the injured party (complainant) are not involved in the decision. The defendant might tender an apology and offer to pay damages to the complainant, but the public prosecutor may decide to press on regardless if he thinks that there is a public-interest issue involved. The complainant cannot "drop the charges", contrary to popular misconception.

Not every offence is prosecuted in court. If it were mandatory to prosecute every time an offence is committed, the courts would be jam-packed with jaywalkers and litterbugs. This is where prosecutorial discretion comes in. The public prosecutor can decide whether or not to prosecute. The question is, on what grounds?

It is obviously not possible for the Attorney-General to look at every individual file to decide whether to prosecute.

In practice, that is left to deputy public prosecutors (DPPs). There are currently two prosecution divisions in the Attorney-General's Chambers: the Criminal Justice Division, and the Financial and Technology Crime Division. The legal officers posted to these two divisions are designated DPPs.

Generally, investigatory agencies (for example, the Central Narcotics Bureau, the Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau, the police, to name a few) send investigation papers to one of the prosecution divisions. A junior DPP will then make recommendations as to whether charges should be laid, and, if so, what charges. The recommendations are considered by more senior DPPs -the heads of the various directorates, the chief prosecutor of the division, the Solicitor-General, the Deputy Attorney-General. The most serious cases end up on the desk of the Attorney-General, where the buck stops. In most cases, however, the buck stops far down the line from the Attorney-General.

STEPS TOWARDS PROSECUTION

In deciding whether or not to prosecute, there are, in general, four steps:

• Step 1: Find out what happened. This is the job of the investigatory agencies. It is the stuff of novels, TV and films. The DPP can ask for clarifications or further investigation.

• Step 2: Ascertain if an offence has been committed and, if so, what offence. This is a legal question - it is the reason DPPs have to go through four years or more of law school. Laypersons are seldom, if ever, qualified to appreciate the intricacies of Singapore criminal law.

• Step 3: Can the elements of the offence be proven in court? The prosecution must prove the case against the accused beyond reasonable doubt. It is not for the accused to prove his innocence.

At Step 3, the DPP has to decide whether there is enough evidence that will stand up in court. It is often possible to piece together what happened with a fair degree of certainty. However, there are cases where witnesses will refuse to testify in open court. In other cases, a witness may implicate others when questioned, but when it comes to actually testifying, he will have an attack of selective amnesia.

If the DPP thinks that the witnesses cannot be relied on, the prosecution will probably be dropped. If he decides to carry on, there is a chance that the judge may not be convinced beyond reasonable doubt. In that case, the defendant is acquitted.

Again, contrary to popular misconception, a verdict of "not guilty" is not synonymous with "innocent". In some cases, it just means that there is a reasonable doubt. Thus, for instance, in a rape case the man may contend that the "victim" consented. The woman may be equally vehement in denying that she did consent. If the judge cannot be sure, then the accused is found "not guilty", even though it may, in fact, have been rape.

Assuming that we have got past Steps 1, 2 and 3, the final step is: Should there be a prosecution at all?

TO PROSECUTE OR NOT PROSECUTE

The public prosecutor must decide whether it is in the public interest that the matter should be laid before a judge in open court. He has discretion over this.

This is where the biggest problems arise. For good or ill, the public prosecutor must make a judgment call. There are many reasons why a decision may be taken not to prosecute.

The offence may be a trivial one, not worth tying up prosecutorial and judicial resources over. A person who drops torn-off tabs from parking coupons on the ground may be guilty beyond reasonable doubt of an offence but, in most cases, this will not end up in court. Composition fines may be imposed instead.

Sometimes, the prosecutor may decide that the accused should be given a second chance. For example, if two teenagers are caught having consensual sex, this is an offence if the girl is under 16 years of age. But would it be in the public interest to prosecute a 17-year-old boy for having sex with his 15-year-old girlfriend?

The prosecutor may (note, "may", not "will") decide that, under the circumstances, a conditional warning is better. If the boy does not heed the warning and repeats the offence, he will be prosecuted for the previous offence as well as the new one. But if he mends his ways, then there is no prosecution.

WHEN POLITICS MAY CLOUD THE PICTURE

Politically charged cases are often a source of controversy.

Suppose that an opposition politician is charged with deliberate incitement of racial unrest. It is a given that his supporters will scream that the prosecution is politically motivated.

When one analyses the issue dispassionately, if the accused is indeed guilty of deliberately inflaming racial feelings, it does not matter whether the decision to prosecute is politically motivated. But the fact that it is perceived to be so undermines the credibility of the public prosecutor, especially if ruling party politicians are not similarly treated.

The public is not stupid. People have a sense of justice. That sense is outraged if double standards are practised - a lenient one for the rich and politically influential, a stricter one for ordinary persons and the strictest one for oppositionists. The public prosecutor has to maintain a scrupulous neutrality so as to avoid being accused of partiality.

Take a purely hypothetical example: Say that a powerful minister is accused of embezzling a substantial sum of money from a government-linked company. How does he avoid retribution? Bribing judges is risky - this can backfire spectacularly. Interfering with investigations is more promising, but in the age of social media, this may not stop the process. The best bet is to nobble the prosecutor.

There are many ways to pressure the public prosecutor. In some places, the threats are physical. I attended a conference of prosecutors in Canada some years ago. Several of my colleagues said that they carried guns for protection. One colleague from a Caribbean country did not even live there - his life would have been worth nothing in his home country.

But physical threats are crude. There are better ways.

The favoured way, as seen in some countries elsewhere, is to appoint as Attorney-General someone who can be counted on to bend when pressure is applied. If the Attorney-General decides that charges will not be laid, no one can challenge that decision. Not even the Chief Justice can compel him to prosecute, legally and practically.

So the question is: What can be done to strengthen the system? We accept it as a given that judges should be politically neutral and not take instructions from politicians.

I would argue that the same must hold true for the public prosecutor. Indeed, one should remember that if the public prosecutor declines to prosecute, the case will never reach a judge, even if there has been a blatant breach of the law.

TWO ROLES OF THE A-G

Many people mistakenly think that the Attorney-General is part of the political executive. This may have been so in colonial days, but under our present Constitution, it is not so.

Unlike in many other countries, the Attorney-General of Singapore is not a party politician or a member of the Cabinet. This mistake arises because the Attorney-General has two roles: first, that of the Government's legal adviser and, second, public prosecutor.

When giving advice on civil cases by or against the Government, on legislation, on matters of international law, the Attorney-General is the Government's Attorney-General. He is obliged to defer to the Cabinet when it comes to issues pertaining to civil litigation, international law and the drafting of legislation. If he is instructed to fight a case, he must follow his client's instructions just like any other lawyer, even if he thinks the case cannot be won or that it is ill-advised.

But when it comes to his role as public prosecutor, the Attorney-General is not the Government's Attorney-General. He is given discretion over prosecutions by the Constitution. It cannot be the case that he should just prosecute if a senior minister wants that to be done.

The rule of law is not the natural state of human society. For most of history, in most societies, the system has been rule by the powerful. The rule of law cannot be imposed by force or governmental decree. Citizens must accept it and actively cooperate in upholding it. Prosecutions are a tangible manifestation of the rule of law.

When the prosecutorial machinery is abused for political ends, ordinary citizens' faith in the rule of law is shaken. If people do not believe that the system is fair, they will subvert it. Building a society based on the rule of law takes a generation and more - tearing it down can be the work of a single electoral term.

If one accepts the premise that the public prosecutor should be independent, the first step is to separate the two functions of the Attorney-General. As the Government's legal adviser, he must take instructions from the Cabinet, whatever his own judgment may be. Take this function away from the Attorney-General. Give it to the Solicitor-General, for example. The three non-prosecution divisions of the Attorney-General's Chambers - civil, legislation and international affairs - can come under the Solicitor-General or whoever is designated as the Government's legal adviser.

The prosecutorial function should be left with the Attorney-General, who would have the two prosecution divisions in his charge. It is necessary for the Attorney-General to be the public prosecutor. A certain stature is required to resist politicians, foreign diplomats, domestic pressure groups and non-governmental organisations, not to mention the assorted people who try to influence prosecutions. In the legal hierarchy, the Attorney-General ranks immediately after the Chief Justice.

The next question is: Who should appoint the Attorney-General? At present, the Constitution provides that the Attorney-General is appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister. The President does not have to accept the Prime Minister's advice, which is the major safeguard against blatant abuse by appointing a political hack to the post.

Since the President has an independent mandate from the people and constitutional discretion, he (or she) should be the one to make the decision, ideally in consultation with the Chief Justice and the incumbent Attorney-General. This will ensure that, optically, the Attorney-General is not seen to be a political creature of the ruling party.

This is a vital consideration. All too often, when someone who opposes government policy is prosecuted, accusations will be made of political motivations.

Even where it is clear that the accused has broken the law (for example, by making a nuisance of himself in public), there will always be those who will say that the Government is trying to silence the opposition.

People posing as human rights activists will attract the knee-jerk support of foreign human rightists. Prosecute a journalist or blogger for insulting religions and you can be sure that there will be howls at home and from abroad about political persecution and restriction of freedom of speech.

These criticisms will be flung even if the Attorney-General has acted in good faith and the politicians have scrupulously avoided trying to influence him. This is grossly unfair to the Attorney-General and his officers, not to mention the politicians themselves. If the public prosecutor is truly independent and seen to be so, it will go a long way towards refuting such criticisms.

Finally, the Attorney-General's term of office should be long enough to be useful. The Constitution originally envisaged that the Attorney-General would serve until the age of 60.

This provision was amended to allow the appointment of an Attorney-General for a fixed term. The norm in recent years has been two to three years.

Frequent changes of the Attorney-General are disruptive and not good for the morale of the DPPs. Different attorneys-general have different views about how prosecutorial discretion should be exercised. For the sake of stability, I would suggest a five-year term, renewable by the President at his or her discretion.

Some may ask, why change the system at all? If one believes that all is well and that the system will not buckle in future under the pressure of an unscrupulous powerful executive , then fine, don't change anything.

But if the system can be abused, then the right thing to do is to address the weakness before it does become a problem. A quick look at the state of the world will show that pressure on prosecutors is common, even in countries that consider themselves to be shining examples of the rule of law.

It is foolish to wait until a hurricane hits you to strengthen your roof. Fix it now, when the sun is shining and the dark clouds have not gathered.

The writer, a Senior Counsel, is a former Nominated MP who was also attorney-general and public prosecutor of Singapore from 2008 to 2010.








PARKING.SG: Pay for public parking fees via mobile app from 1 Oct 2017

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Coupon-free parking app goes online Oct 1
Motorists can pay for parking and extend sessions via their mobile phones at 1,100 carparks
By Adrian Lim, Transport Correspondent, The Straits Times, 30 Sep 2017

Scouring for parking coupons or looking for another driver to buy them from will now be a thing of the past.

The Parking.sg app, announced by Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong at this year's National Day Rally, makes its debut tomorrow, letting motorists pay for parking at public carparks through their mobile phones.

It can be used at all 1,100 carparks which still require coupons. Through the app, motorists can use their credit or debit cards to pay parking charges.

The app, however, can be used only for cars and light goods vehicles for now.

The scheme will be extended to motorcycles and heavy vehicles by the end of the year, the Housing Board, the Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) and the Government Technology Agency of Singapore said yesterday.

The agencies added that even as the new app is rolled out, paper coupons can still be used.



The app will automatically calculate parking fees based on 30-minute blocks, but if motorists move their vehicles out earlier and end the session, they will be charged on a per-minute basis and get a refund.

This will prevent overpaying.

Under the coupon system, motorists pay 60 cents for 30 minutes, even if they leave earlier.

The app, which will be available from the Apple App Store and Google Play Store, will also alert motorists when their parking sessions are about to expire. Instead of running back to their vehicle to display more coupons, they can extend their sessions through the app.

Parking.sg is part of Singapore's drive towards becoming a Smart Nation. Trials, involving more than 15,000 public officers and selected members of the public, were conducted in two phases - from May to June and from July to this month.

From the feedback, features such as parking history, which shows a user where and when he has parked before and for how much, were added.

To pay for parking with the app, motorists will have to key in their vehicle number, the parking duration as well as a carpark code.

They will be given a list of carparks nearby which they can select from when they enable the location function in their mobile devices.

The HDB and URA said they have put up additional signs at carparks that will reflect their unique code.

Enforcement checks by parking wardens will continue, added the authorities, reminding motorists to activate their Parking.sg app after they have parked their vehicles.

Sales manager Wandi Sani, 36, said he would give the new app a go. "There is no need to rush back to put a new coupon if I overstay. Plus, it can be tedious peeling off the tabs on parking coupons and sometimes I make a mistake and I waste the coupon."
























Related

Reserved presidential election was right thing to do: PM Lee Hsien Loong

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PM Lee spells out why he pushed for reserved election
He knew it'd be unpopular and cost votes, but sees it as necessary for multiracialism
By Tham Yuen-C, Assistant Political Editor, The Straits Times, 30 Sep 2017

Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong has made it plain that he knew the reserved presidential election would be unpopular - and would cost his party votes.

"But I did it because I strongly believe, and still do, that this is the right thing to do," he said, addressing the unhappiness squarely for the first time last week at a closed-door dialogue.

The reason he gave is that despite the progress made in building a multiracial and multi-religious society, Singapore has "not yet arrived at an ideal state of accepting people of a different race".

His candid remarks were made to about 500 grassroots leaders at a People's Association Kopi Talk dialogue last Saturday, and an edited transcript was released by the Prime Minister's Office yesterday.

PM Lee cited recent surveys that show "we are not completely colour-blind". This will influence people's choices, he said, and he is convinced it is harder for a minority - Malay, Indian or Eurasian - to win an open election for president than it is for a Chinese.

To lend weight to his view, he pointed to the 2011 Presidential Election when there were four candidates, all Chinese.

"Where were the Farid Khans and the Salleh Maricans? Why didn't they come?... Because they knew that in an open election - all things being equal - a non-Chinese candidate would have no chance."

He added: "It is a reality."

Businessmen Salleh Marican, 68, and Farid Khan, 61, had applied to contest the recent presidential election reserved for Malays, but they did not qualify and President Halimah Yacob, 63, won in a walkover.



Another reality is racial issues crop up even in day-to-day living.

Sometimes, minorities face discrimination when looking for a job or a house to rent. Recently, a picture on a construction hoarding of a Malay girl wearing a tudung had the word "terrorist" pencilled on it.

"These are the realities we have to manage," he said.

PM Lee said the Chinese, being the majority race, may think Singapore has "arrived" as a multiracial society. They get occasional reminders when they travel abroad and encounter racism, then "you may know what it feels like to be treated as a minority", he said.

For Singapore's young, having known only racial harmony here, it is very easy to believe race does not matter any more. "We have to know our blind spots," he said, adding that the Chinese community, especially, must make a special effort to make the minorities feel welcomed and valued.

However, having multiracial presidents in itself does not make Singapore a multiracial country. "But it is an important symbol of what Singapore stands for, and a declaration of what we aspire to be," he said.

He noted that nearly two years were spent discussing and debating having a multiracial presidency.

"But it is only now that people are seized with it, after a reserved election in which only one candidate qualified," he said.



PM Lee said he could feel there was some unhappiness. "People think we may be going backwards, towards racial politics. But actually, the reality is the opposite: We are making necessary changes to strengthen our multiracial system."

He shares President Halimah's hope for that day when Singapore will not need the reserved election to ensure minority representation.

But to get to the ideal state, "we need guide ropes and guard rails to help us get there and to prevent us from falling off along the way".

"The reserved election for the president is one such guard rail."

He also said striving for multiracialism includes having the courage and determination to take pragmatic steps to get there, step by step. "That is how we will continue to expand our common space, strengthen trust and become one people, one nation, one Singapore."










ONLY IN SINGAPORE

After the swearing-in, I posted a picture on Instagram of myself, President Halimah (Yacob) and Chief Justice Sundaresh Menon. A Chinese, a Malay and an Indian - only in Singapore. During the F1, one international visitor from Brazil saw the picture and commented on it. He said it was most amazing what we have in Singapore. He could not imagine it happening anywhere else.


In fact, it is amazing. It shows what Singapore is - multiracial, meritocratic, one flag, one people. That is what makes us Singaporean. It is not just resonant rhetoric, or a warm, fuzzy feeling. We have to live it out daily, in little ways and big.

PRIME MINISTER LEE HSIEN LOONG

















Make minorities feel welcome, PM Lee Hsien Loong reminds Chinese Singaporeans
He recalls founding prime minister's words on the day Singapore became independent
By Tham Yuen-C, Assistant Political Editor, The Straits Times, 30 Sep 2017

On the day Singapore became independent in 1965, founding prime minister Lee Kuan Yew declared that "everybody will have a place in Singapore".

He also stressed that Singapore is "not a Malay nation, not a Chinese nation, not an Indian nation".

His remarks on race were not just to reassure minorities, but also a sober reminder to the Chinese majority not to oppress the non-Chinese because they themselves had felt "squatted upon" when Singapore was in Malaysia.

Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong recalled the event at a closed-door dialogue last Saturday with 500 grassroots leaders. A transcript of his speech was released yesterday.

Recounting Singapore's early days as he spoke on race, multiracialism and its place in the world, PM Lee reminded Chinese Singaporeans of their responsibility to make minorities here feel welcome.

He said Singapore's objection to Malaysia's leaders wanting one dominant race to enjoy special rights and its belief in multiracialism led to Separation. This was one of two reasons multiracialism was made the fundamental principle on which Singapore was founded, he said.

The other was about survival as it is a majority-Chinese country in a Malay-majority part of South-east Asia. Being perceived as a "Third China" or a proxy for communist China would have caused problems with Singapore's neighbours, and "we would not have been able to live peacefully" in the region.



In the past 52 years, PM Lee said, Singaporeans have made significant progress in "becoming one people - regardless of race, language or religion". It took hard work, toil and sweat. It is "not something natural, nor something which will stay there by itself", he said.

Measures include designating English as the common working language, imposing ethnic quotas in HDB flats to ensure people of different races live together and creating group representation constituencies (GRCs) so there will always be minority MPs.

"Sometimes we think we have arrived, and that we can do away with these provisions and rules which feel like such a burden," he said. "In fact, it is the other way around. It is precisely because we have these provisions and rules that we have achieved racial and religious harmony."

Still, Singapore has yet to arrive at the "ideal state of accepting people of a different race", PM Lee said, citing surveys that show people are not completely colour-blind.

In day-to-day life, minorities also sometimes face discrimination when looking for jobs or places to rent, he added. The Chinese may not realise it, being the majority race, and "may think Singapore has 'arrived' as a multiracial society".

They, however, may get "small reminders from time to time" of racism when they go abroad.

"If you go to America or Australia or somewhere in Europe, you may know what it feels like to be treated as a minority," PM Lee said.

Younger Singaporeans, having known only peace and harmony in Singapore, may believe race does not matter any more, he added.

"But it is not so. We need to know our blind spots and make a special effort to ensure our minority communities feel welcomed and valued in Singapore," he said, adding that the Chinese community, particularly, needs to make a special effort.

This was the reason for amending the Constitution to provide for reserved presidential elections, to ensure minorities are elected president from time to time, he said.

It applies to the Chinese community too, should there not be a Chinese president for five terms, though PM Lee felt "there was no need to do so for the Chinese".

"But the Chinese community felt if you did not also make provisions for the Chinese, something was not right under the sun. So we did it, and this shows you just how sensitive and necessary this mechanism is."



Other nations too make arrangements to ensure their minorities become head of state, he noted. Canada's governor-general post alternates between the French-speaking and English-speaking communities, and Switzerland's president post is rotated among Swiss Germans, Swiss French and Swiss Italians.

"We should not be shy to acknowledge that in Singapore, the majority is making a special effort to ensure that minorities enjoy full and equal treatment," he said.

Having multiracial presidents is one important symbol of what Singapore stands for, and a declaration of what we aspire to be. "It is a reminder to every citizen, especially the Chinese majority race, that there is a role for every community in Singapore."




















'Multiracialism will help Singapore cope' after a terror attack
By Tham Yuen-C, Assistant Political Editor, The Straits Times, 30 Sep 2017

Race and religion do not only affect society and politics, but can also spark terrorism and violence, and this has afflicted many countries in South-east Asia, said Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong.

Fostering multiracialism is crucial in inoculating Singapore against such strife, but that alone will not stop a terror attack, he added.

But the strong bonds between different communities will help Singapore cope the day after an attack, he said, noting that it is easy for an attack by terrorists - who claim to act in the name of Islam - to divide Muslims and non-Muslims, and split society.

PM Lee was speaking to 500 grassroots leaders last Saturday at the People's Association KopiTalk dialogue, at which he reiterated that Singapore is "not insulated from terrorism".

The threat posed by the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) has hit close to home, with hundreds of Indonesians and Malaysians travelling to the Middle East and the Philippines to join the terror group.



In Singapore, too, the Internal Security Department picks up one or two radicalised Singaporeans every month or two, said PM Lee. "They are not down and out, and neither are they from the Middle East. They were born and raised in Singapore, educated in state schools. But they have become self-radicalised," he added.

Given the situation, it was a matter of time before a terror attack happens, he said, urging people to fortify themselves "psychologically and emotionally as one people".

Even if most Singaporeans believed in multiracialism, "there would still be a handful who do not", and there was no guarantee there would not be an attack.

"But multiracialism will help us cope with the day after a terrible attack has happened - when people are in shock, in pain, and feeling angry and fearful," he said.

PM Lee, however, is confident that with the different communities, neighbourhood groups and religious leaders working together through such initiatives as the Inter-Racial and Religious Confidence Circles and SGSecure, "we can hold on together and let life go on as one people".










Malayalees 'show how diversity can be a strength'
By Nur Asyiqin Mohamad Salleh, The Straits Times, 30 Sep 2017

Malayalees have long embraced and celebrated diversity, and shown how it can be turned into a strength, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong said yesterday.

The community, which includes Hindus, Muslims, Syrian Christians and Roman Catholics, is also an example of the importance of staying open and outward-looking, he said.

Speaking at the Singapore Malayalee Association's 100th anniversary dinner, Mr Lee noted that the South Indian state of Kerala, where Malayalees hail from, has been a melting pot of cultures and faiths.

Today, it remains a diverse, open and outward-looking part of India.

This is one reason for the success of Malayalees in Singapore and around the globe, and is also vital to other societies that depend on globalisation and international trade.

"In many countries, exclusivity and extremism are growing, and breeding racial and religious distrust. Singapore is not immune to these diseases, but we can protect and strengthen our multiracial system to make our society more resilient against such external pressures," he said. "The Malayalee community has shown how we can turn diversity into our strength. Singapore needs to do the same on a national level with our different races and religions."



Mr Lee thanked the association for its work uplifting the Malayalee community and strengthening the social fabric, and said the endowment fund it set up two years ago, as part of SG50, has now doubled to $1 million. It supports bursaries which are open to all Singaporeans.

While the community may be small - numbering just 26,000 here - it has contributed significantly to the country's development, he said.

Mr Lee cited former president Devan Nair, Chief Justice Sundaresh Menon and Monetary Authority of Singapore managing director Ravi Menon as some of its outstanding members. There are also three Malayalee MPs: Senior Minister of State Janil Puthucheary, and MPs Vikram Nair and Murali Pillai.



The association's centenary is also a reminder that Singapore's nation-building history goes beyond 52 years of independence, he said.

Since it was set up in 1917, the association has helped look after the welfare of thousands of Malayalees who travelled from Kerala.

Last night, several Malayalees were honoured for their contributions to Malayalam literature and arts, and to the wider community.

They were dance pioneer Santha Bhaskar, poet and social activist K. Bhasi and Ambassador Gopinath Pillai, who is senior adviser of the association and chairman of the Indian Heritage Centre.

Mr Lee said: "Your story is an important strand in our historical and cultural tapestry."





Race, multiracialism and Singapore's place in the world: Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong
The Straits Times, 30 Sep 2017

At a People's Association Kopitalk dialogue last Saturday, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong spoke for the first time about public unhappiness over the reserved presidential election. It is not a step backwards to racial politics, he said, but a necessary move to strengthen multiracialism. Below is an edited transcript of his remarks.

Race has been a fundamental issue for Singapore from the very beginning of our nationhood. In 1965, on the day we became independent, Mr Lee Kuan Yew said Singapore is "not a Malay nation, not a Chinese nation, not an Indian nation. Everybody will have a place in Singapore".

He said this to assure the minorities in Singapore that they would always be protected and not be treated worse than the majority. But he also said this to remind the Chinese majority never to oppress the non-Chinese, because they themselves had felt squatted upon when Singapore was in Malaysia. It was a two-part message - not only to reassure the minorities but, at the same time, give a sober reminder to the majority not to overstep their bounds and make life miserable for those who are not the same colour as them. Why was this principle so important to us? There are two parts to this answer.



First, this was the fundamental ideal over which we fought with the central government in Malaysia. Our founding fathers - Lee Kuan Yew, Goh Keng Swee, S. Rajaratnam, Othman Wok - believed passionately in the vision of a multiracial society. Where nobody would be favoured or disadvantaged because of the colour of his or her skin. Where everybody would have equal opportunities, feel kinship with people of different races and religions, and share the same Singapore nationality.

Malaysia was different. The Umno leaders in Kuala Lumpur - the central government - wanted one dominant race, i.e. Malay Malaysians, to enjoy special rights, while the Chinese, Indians and other citizens would forever be in a subordinate position. We fought that, and disagreed with them. Eventually, we separated from them because it could not be settled.

The second reason we have to make a fundamental point about multiracialism is that Singapore is a Chinese-majority country, in a Malay-majority part of South-east Asia. In the 1960s, 50 years ago, Singapore had already been perceived as a "Third China". We were seen as a Chinese country, a proxy, a stooge for communist China, and not an independent player. If Singapore had been identified as a Chinese country, it would have caused problems with our neighbours. We would not have been able to live peacefully in South-east Asia. So we had to make quite sure that people understood that we were an independent, multiracial country.

Therefore, our founding fathers made multiracialism the fundamental principle on which Singapore was founded, and enshrined it in our Constitution. They drafted the National Pledge, where we "pledge ourselves as one united people, regardless of race, language or religion".

RACE AND TERRORISM

In South-east Asia, race and religion do not affect only society and politics, but also terrorism and violence. This has afflicted many countries in South-east Asia. Hundreds of Indonesians and Malaysians have gone to join the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS).

We are not insulated from terrorism. Every month or two, the Internal Security Department picks up one or two Singaporeans who have become self-radicalised. They are not down and out, and neither are they from the Middle East. They were born and raised in Singapore, educated in state schools. But they have become self-radicalised. Most are men, but there are even some young women. They want to join the militants in Syria, and do something violent in Singapore. So it is not a question of "if", but "when" a terrorist attack might happen in Singapore.

Multiracialism by itself will not stop an attack. It can still happen because even if 99.99 per cent of Singaporeans believed in multiracialism, there would still be a handful who do not. But multiracialism will help us cope with the day after a terrible attack has happened - when people are in shock, in pain, and feeling angry and fearful. It is very easy for an attack by terrorists - who act in the name of Islam - to cause a divide between Muslims and non-Muslims, and for us to become split as a society. Many people will be angry and scared. But if you have been working together at this through the Inter-Racial and Religious Confidence Circles and SGSecure, and you have all our neighbourhood groups and religious leaders working together, then we can hold on together and let life go on as one people.

That is why I recently held closed-door briefings to discuss the issue of terrorist threats. First for Muslim religious and community leaders, and then for a mixed group. The briefings were useful for them to understand how important and urgent the problem of terrorism is, and to get them on our side to help us to deal with it. They responded positively. I think we will have their full cooperation in working towards multicultural unity.



NOT NATURAL

Over the last 52 years, we made significant progress in becoming one people - regardless of race, language or religion. We take pride in our country, and in our identity. We have worked together, built together, mourned together, and celebrated together as one people.

But you must remember that what we have here is not something natural, nor something which will stay there by itself. It is the result of very hard work, a lot of toil and sweat, and the gradual education and bringing together of people. It was also because of the gradual inculcation of shared values and attitudes that we came to have the confidence, trust and mutual respect to make us one people. We brought people together and consciously created common spaces and opportunities. We used English as our common working language, while ensuring a place for our mother tongues. We mixed all races together in HDB estates, so that there are no enclaves or ghettos in Singapore. In schools, we recite the Pledge every day. We created GRCs so that in Parliament we will always have minorities represented.

We came down hard on extremists - regardless of whether they were Chinese chauvinists or Malay, Indian or Hindu extremists - because they have to understand that this is what Singapore is, and this is how Singapore will act when racial chauvinists try to stir up sentiments against others.

Sometimes we think we have arrived, and that we can do away with these provisions and rules which feel like such a burden. But in fact, it is the other way around. It is precisely because we have these provisions and rules that we have achieved racial and religious harmony.

We have not yet arrived at an ideal state of accepting people of a different race. Yes, we have made progress, but it is a work in progress.

Last year, the Institute of Policy Studies (IPS) did a survey. They asked people what they thought about being with someone of a different race. First, "Are you okay with somebody of a different race being your colleague?" No problem. "Are you okay with somebody of a different race being your business partner?" Here, they have to think a bit more carefully. "Are you okay with a person of a different race becoming your daughter-in-law?" Very difficult. But this is the reality. We are friends and citizens together but there are different circles of trust. One of these circles is being of the same religion and race.

IPS did a different survey with CNA and asked: "Are you okay with a person of a different race being President?" The answer was: "I have to be more careful than having my colleague at the next desk work with me, but it is a bit easier than having a son-in-law or a daughter-in-law." I think that is an honest answer. We are not completely colour-blind, and this makes a difference. It will influence our thinking and choices, either consciously or unconsciously. Therefore, it is harder for a minority - a Malay or Indian or Eurasian - to win an open election for President, than it is for a Chinese.

I think you can accept it when I tell it to you like this. But when you make these arguments outside, people get worked up about the reserved election. They wish this bias were not true. But I just give you one fact.

This time we had a reserved election. There were three Malay candidates who came forward, of whom two did not qualify - but they came forward. Then you look at the presidential election in 2011. It was hotly contested. A lot of people thought the Government needed to be checked. Was there a Malay candidate? Where were the Farid Khans and the Salleh Maricans? Why didn't they come? It did not cross their minds? No. So why didn't they come? Because they knew that in an open election - all things being equal - a non-Chinese candidate would have no chance. So you had Tan Kin Lian, Tan Cheng Bock and Tan Jee Say. But you did not have a Marican, nor a Khan or any other Malay candidate. It is a reality. We have to know this, we have to manage this.

These are the big trends. Elections happen only once in a while. But even in our day-to-day lives, we have racial issues that we have to deal with. Minorities sometimes face discrimination when looking for jobs. Sometimes, landlords prefer not to have minorities rent a house from them. Racial stereotypes persist in conversations and jokes.

There was a recent incident where someone put up a decoration with a young Malay girl's picture on a construction hoarding. It showed her wearing a tudung. And after that, somebody went and pencilled "terrorist" on the picture.

These are the realities we have to manage. The Chinese in Singapore may not realise it, because the Chinese are the majority race.

They may think that Singapore has "arrived" as a multiracial society. The younger ones have known only peace and harmony in Singapore, and it is very easy to believe that race does not matter any more. But this is not so. We have to know our blind spots, and make a special effort to ensure our minority communities feel welcomed and valued in Singapore.

The Chinese community particularly must make a special effort to make the minorities feel welcome in Singapore.

ELECTED PRESIDENCY

This is why we amended the Constitution to ensure that minorities regularly have a chance to be the President, and to strengthen ourselves as a multiracial country. Just having multiracial Presidents will not in itself make Singapore a multiracial country. But it is one important symbol of what Singapore stands for, and a declaration of what we aspire to be. It is a reminder to every citizen, especially the Chinese majority race, that there is a role for every community in Singapore.

We have not had a Malay President since our very first President, Encik Yusof Ishak, more than 50 years ago. But I am very happy that we now have Madam Halimah Yacob as our President. As Deputy Prime Minister Teo Chee Hean said when we were attending her swearing-in, and singing Majulah Singapura: "It is a special feeling."

We have spent nearly two years preparing to make this move. Ever since I raised the subject when Parliament opened in January 2016, we have been discussing and debating this continually. But it is only now that people are seized with it, after a reserved election in which only one candidate qualified.

There was some unhappiness. I can feel that; you do not have to tell me. People think we may be going backwards, towards racial politics. But actually the reality is the opposite: We are making necessary changes to strengthen our multiracial system, in order to continue to progress as one united people. If we did nothing, it was very likely that we would not have had a Malay President for a very long time. After a while, the minorities in Singapore would start to feel left out, and understandably so. The Chinese majority might also become less sensitive to other races. This would weaken our sense of shared nationhood for all Singaporeans.

When we created the elected presidency about 25 years ago, we knew that we might have trouble electing minority Presidents. In fact, Malay Singaporeans at that time immediately sensed this - that it would be difficult to have a Malay President in future. But at that time we had to address the more pressing issue - how to find good candidates to be President. So we decided to observe and see how things developed. Now, after 25 years, it is time. We know how things have developed, and how they are likely to be for quite a long time to come. We think we know what to do in order to mend this problem.

We should not be shy to acknowledge that in Singapore, the majority is making a special effort to ensure that minorities enjoy full and equal treatment. We are not unique in making special arrangements for our head of state. It is necessary in many multiracial countries. They make deliberate arrangements - either constitutional rules or conventions - but they have some kind of rotation or special representations for the minorities. Canada's governor-general alternates between the French-speaking and English-speaking communities. In New Zealand, they have minorities too. They have had a governor-general of Indian descent, and the current governor-general has Maori blood. These examples do not happen by chance. In these countries, they specifically looked for distinguished individuals from minority communities to be the head of state. Switzerland - an ideal country, 900 years of nationhood - they have got Swiss Germans, Swiss French, Swiss Italians, and their president rotates between these three groups. Because if you just have an open election, the Swiss Germans would probably win every time. That is why we have to make arrangements.

How did we have Encik Yusof Ishak as President? It was not an election, but a choice. How was the choice made? Mr Lee Kuan Yew specifically looked for a distinguished Malay. Why? Because he wanted to show Singaporeans and the Federation of Malaya that we can work with the Malays, that we are part of Malaya, and we are one Malayan society, and not a Chinese society. So he asked Encik Yusof Ishak, who agreed and became our Yang di-Pertuan Negara, and later our first President.

Today, our Presidents are chosen by election. But we need to have mechanisms in place so that minorities have a chance. How did we do that? The Constitutional Commission recommended a hiatus-based mechanism, with reserved elections for the presidency. This meant that if there was no Malay President for a long time, the next election would be reserved for a Malay. No Indian President for a long time, and the next election would be reserved for an Indian. In fact, for good measure, the Commission said if there was no Chinese President for a long time, then the next election would be reserved for the Chinese.

Actually, there was no need to do so for the Chinese. But the Chinese community felt that if you did not also make provisions for the Chinese, something was not right under the sun. So we did it, and this shows you just how sensitive and necessary the mechanism is.

RIGHT THING TO DO

Did I know that this subject would be a difficult one? That it would be unpopular and cost us votes? Yes, I knew. If I do not know that these are sensitive matters, I cannot be in politics. But I did it, because I strongly believe, and still do, that this is the right thing to do. There is nothing natural about where we are - multiracial, multi-religious, tolerant and progressive. We made it happen, and we have got to protect it, nurture it, preserve it, and never break it.



President Halimah said at her swearing-in ceremony that she could understand why people did not like the reserved election. And, like them, she looks forward to the day when we no longer need it, and Singaporeans naturally and regularly elect citizens of all races as President. I, too, hope that we will eventually not need such a mechanism to ensure minority representation. But we are not there yet, and it will take a long time to happen. In climbing towards that ideal state, we need guide-ropes and guard-rails to help us get there and to prevent us from falling off along the way. The reserved election for the President is one such guard-rail.

After the swearing-in, I posted a picture on Instagram of myself, President Halimah and Chief Justice Sundaresh Menon. A Chinese, a Malay and an Indian - only in Singapore. During the F1, one international visitor from Brazil saw the picture and commented on it. He said it was most amazing what we have in Singapore. He could not imagine it happening anywhere else.

In fact, it is amazing. It shows what Singapore is - multiracial, meritocratic, one flag, one people. That is what makes us Singaporean. It is not just resonant rhetoric, or a warm, fuzzy feeling. We have to live it out daily, in little ways and big. You have a neighbour of a different race, and you can celebrate each other's festivals. Share pineapple tarts, kueh dadar and murukku - many reasons to break your diabetes vows! But it is also much more than that. It is about having colleagues and true friends from different races whom we laugh and cry with. It is about being able to accommodate one another and to work through our differences. It is about having the honesty to recognise that our multiracialism is not yet perfect, but having the courage and determination to take pragmatic steps to get there, step by step.

That is how we will continue to expand our common space, strengthen trust, and become one people, one nation, one Singapore.











Singapore soldiers on the front line in the fight against ISIS

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Flying flag high amid the heat and danger
They miss local food, and once a week, they sing the National Anthem. Toh Yong Chuan stayed three days with members of Singapore's medical team supporting the coalition in the fight against ISIS.
By Toh Yong Chuan, Manpower Correspondent, The Sunday Times, 1 Oct 2017

Singaporean Megat Shahdan Abdul Samad created a stir online last Sunday when he featured in the latest recruitment video for terror group Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS).

When news of the video broke, I was in the United States Air Force (USAF) airbase in Kuwait waiting to board a C-130 transport plane that would take me to Iraq.

I was travelling to meet a little-known group of Singaporeans who, like Shahdan, had gone to Iraq. But unlike the militant who had gone to create violence, the men whom I was meeting were there to stop it. They are Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) soldiers who are members of the multinational coalition set up to defeat ISIS.

They have been deployed there since June as part of the medical team, working alongside the Australian Defence Force and New Zealand Defence Force to provide medical support to coalition efforts.

To get to the coalition base in Iraq, I had to take a commercial flight to Kuwait City through Dubai, before hopping onto the USAF plane.

My travelling companion was a Ministry of Defence (MINDEF) media relations officer.

"Getting you into Iraq is unprecedented," she said, referring to MINDEF making an exception to its media restriction policy and allowing The Sunday Times to visit troops on the ground there.

About a dozen US Army soldiers were also in the plane, as was cargo bound for Iraq. The Americans mostly kept to themselves.

The C-130 cargo plane was unlike passenger planes. Its soldier passengers sat in the cargo hold - about the size of a four-room HDB flat - along the sides of the plane, shoulder to shoulder, on webbing seats.

The windows consisted of a few portholes along the fuselage. The four propellers were so noisy that earplugs were given out by the air crew and had to be worn throughout the flight. It was impossible to talk above the noise.

FLARES AND A SHARP LANDING

The last leg of the flight was dramatic.

As the plane prepared to make its landing at an airstrip within the base, I had to don a Kevlar helmet and body armour. It dived sharply towards the airstrip and I heard what sounded like crackers being fired from the sides of the plane.

A senior SAF officer travelling with us explained: "Those are chaffs. It is standard operating procedure for pilots to fire them when they land in hostile zones."

I learnt later that chaffs are flares used to counter heat-seeking surface-to-air missiles.

As the plane came to a halt, two fully armed US Army soldiers fanned out from the rear ramp to form a security perimeter around the plane. They signalled for us to disembark only after they were satisfied the landing zone was safe.

I handed my passport to an Iraqi immigration officer at a booth in a tent at the side of the airstrip. He checked my visa and stamped my passport.

MINDEF had asked The Sunday Times not to publish the name of the base or the identities of the Singapore soldiers for their safety. In September last year, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation reported that it was used as a training camp for Australian forces to train Iraqi forces who were fighting to retake their country back from ISIS.

A curfew was in place when I arrived at the base, which meant that the movements of the 2,000 personnel within the compound with high walls were restricted at night. The curfew was imposed after drone activity was detected a day earlier.

"How uncanny," I said to the MINDEF media relations officer. Just hours earlier, as we were transiting through Dubai, I told her that I had read in The New York Times that the Pentagon was testing lasers and nets to counter ISIS drones that the newspaper described as a vexing foe.

The commander of the Singapore medical team, doctor "R" who is in his 30s and had met us at the airstrip, said the base has amenities like Wi-Fi, air-conditioned accommodation and hot showers, even though conditions are harsh.

The doctor had arrived in Iraq early last month, taking over command of the medical team after the first batch completed a three-month rotation between June and September.

"This is my first overseas deployment," he said. "It is a heavy responsibility."

Recently engaged, Dr R said his fiancee and family were supportive of his deployment. "They know the risks and support what I am doing."

The doctor's right-hand man in the medical team is paramedic "M", also in his 30s. He is the oldest of the medics in the team and is its sergeant major.

Both Dr R and M were armed with P226 pistols. All the soldiers in the base are required to be armed.

M took me for a tour of the medical centre last Monday, the second day of my visit.

"We are singing Majulah Singapura at 8am, please join us," he said.

As the medical team sang the National Anthem accompanied by a soundtrack from the hissing speakers of a well-worn CD player, they saluted the Singapore flag. It hung amid the flags of Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States - lined up in alphabetical order - in the ambulance bay of the medical centre.

They sang with pride but their tone was a little off-key, the soldiers' voices hoarse from the arid desert air and heat. The temperature soared to furnace-like heat of as high as 42 deg C the day I visited.

"The first rotation started it when they came here in June," M said of the weekly ritual. "We continued the practice after we took over.

"We do it every Monday, at the start of the week, to remind ourselves of home."

Do you miss home, I asked.

"I don't miss home, but I miss the food," he replied without missing a beat.

Cooking overcomes homesickness and helps them make friends with soldiers from other countries, he said. He took out his mobile phone and showed me a photo of a plate of nasi briyani. "We cooked this just two weeks ago," he said. "We have also cooked nasi lemak."

CONTAINER PARK

M took me to where the Singapore soldiers stay.

The commander and company sergeant major of the medical company get their own individual containers. The rest of the soldiers are paired up and each pair shares a container about the size of two parking spaces. The containers are laid out in what resembles a container park.

M shares a container with Dr R. The beds are pushed to the two furthest ends of the container while two 2m-high cupboards divide the room into equal halves. The cupboards also act as walls providing some measure of privacy. I asked if I could take a photo of the room. He demurred. I did not press.

For three months, all the personal space the soldiers get is a bed and a cupboard packed into a space about the size of a parking space. I, for one, could not take living for months with so little privacy.

Because of the cramped quarters, the soldiers spend most of their off-duty hours chilling at a "Singapore corner", which is a sheltered space outside two containers, with tables and chairs for about a dozen people. A string of eight napkin-size national flags, coated with desert grime, had been nailed across the top of an opening between two concrete walls that led to the Singapore corner.

The days are repetitive and even monotonous.

The medical team works from 8am to 4pm, six days a week, with a rest day on Friday.

The medics typically start and end the day with fitness training. In between, they practise their medical procedures and drills. They also go to the firing range to keep their marksmanship sharp.

The Singapore team is deployed as a trauma team in the medical centre. "We are like an accident and emergency team," M said.

The previous team had seen lacerations, fractures and heat injuries. I asked M how many emergency cases his team had handled.

He replied: "We've not had to handle any emergency in the three weeks we have been here."

Still, they keep up their training.

On the day I visited, the team was practising its drill for a mass casualty situation where all the injured soldiers were rushed to the medical centre. "We practise this almost every week," he said.

"We want to be ready."

'AND THEY LIKE SPICY FOOD'

I had lunch with M and several other medics at the base's central dining hall, called DFAC, which is - unsurprisingly - an abbreviated name for dining facility.

Half-way through lunch, three American soldiers who had finished their meal at the next table walked over to M on their way to return their trays and said: "You guys are doing great!"

"They are the air medics from Oregon," M said, adding: "They fly the helicopters. We have trained with them."

An Australian physiotherapist, who is a member of the medical team, told me that she found the Singaporeans "very professional".

"They tend to be shy, but after I got to know them, they are humorous," she said. "And they like spicy food!"

M noted that it has been easy working with the other servicemen from various countries. "We speak English, although it took some time to understand them, and for them to understand us," he said.

Another medic jested: "I don't know why they have to say 'quarter to one' when it is easier to say '12.45'. I learnt 'quarter to this' and 'half past that' in primary school but we just don't say that in Singapore."

M said that the Singapore soldiers have to learn to slow down as they speak. He added that they have tried to teach their colleagues Singlish, too.

What Singlish, I asked.

Encik is Malay for warrant officer, and agak agak is roughly, they replied.

Tell me something interesting that you have learnt from them, I probed.

They replied, cracking up: "Australian soldiers are called 'diggers', and 'don't be a jack' means don't 'eat snake' or (be) slack."

IN HARM'S WAY

On the third day of my visit, I met Defence Minister Ng Eng Hen, who had just made a whirlwind four-hour visit to the base and to see the Singapore medical team.

"Why did we send soldiers here? Why put them in harm's way?" I asked Dr Ng.

He replied: "It's quite obvious that this is not friendly territory. There are threats all over."

The deployment in Iraq is a long-term one against extremism and terrorism, he said, adding that it is in Singapore's interest to join the international effort against such threats. "When we join others, it is to protect Singapore and Singaporeans."



I posed a similar question to Dr R and M separately: "Do you know why you are here?"

Both gave uncannily similar answers - that Singapore is contributing to the coalition effort against the terror threat.

"But what does it mean to you personally? Do you feel you are making a difference?" I asked.

Dr R replied: "We are ambassadors. Each time we put on the uniform and do our work well, we fly the Singapore flag."

M said, after a long pause: "We are here to play a role. It is an important medical role because the soldiers trust that we will look after them when they are injured.

"We are a small team. But no effort is too small or unimportant.

"What might happen, you never know."









Working from Saddam's former palace
The Singapore Armed Forces has been involved in rebuilding Iraq. Nearly 1,000 servicemen served in Iraq between 2003 and 2008 to help it get back on its feet after the ouster of dictator Saddam Hussein. This is a soldier's account of the mission, some 10 years on. The SAF has withheld his identity to protect his safety because he is still in active service and indirectly involved in the current operations in Iraq.
By Toh Yong Chuan, Manpower Correspondent, The Sunday Times, 1 Oct 2017

For six months in 2007, senior Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) officer "G" (not his real name) lived in the former presidential palace of Saddam Hussein in Baghdad.

He was a military planner that the SAF had sent to Baghdad to serve with the multinational coalition that was helping the Iraq government find its feet.

"I volunteered for the mission," said the officer, then in his 30s, who had completed a stint as a battalion commander.

"It was my first extended operational deployment overseas."

He recalls flying into Baghdad from Kuwait City on a United States Air Force C-130 plane.

"When the plane landed at Baghdad International Airport, I walked out calmly while the other passengers ran into the building to avoid being exposed. I didn't know the danger," he said with a laugh.

For six months, he was an adviser to the Interior Ministry of the Iraqi government.

"I helped them plan and set up gated communities with security measures such as access control," he recalled.

The coalition officers were housed in the former presidential palace of the Iraqi dictator within the "Green Zone", or safe district, of the city.

"The toilet was bigger than our typical bedrooms," he said.

Being in the Green Zone did not guarantee one's safety, he noted. There were regular rocket and mortar attacks over the walls of the Green Zone.

The veteran added: "I know of two cases in which coalition soldiers were killed. One of them was a medic or nurse."

His training as a soldier kicked in.

"I maintained my weapon and kept my helmet and vest close to me," he said.

"I knew that my life might depend on them."

"G" is modest about his contribution to the country's rebuilding efforts.

"I did what I was trained to do," he said, in a matter-of-fact tone.

The six-month stint had a lasting impact on him personally and professionally.

He proposed to his girlfriend of more than 10 years as soon as he returned.

"Life is precious," he explained. The couple got married.

He has remained in the SAF.

He said: "I did not volunteer for the deployment expecting a promotion. But I learnt that there is a strong purpose to the job.

"This is what being in uniform is about."









Singapore's contributions in international fight against terrorism
By Toh Yong Chuan, Manpower Correspondent, The Sunday Times, 1 Oct 2017

Two years ago, the multinational coalition force set up to smash the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) was looking for a specific target.

The Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) team based in Kuwait was given the job. Its officers are experts at analysing satellite images and they found the target. Coalition forces subsequently destroyed it.

Details of the successful hit are "operational classified information", said Defence Minister Ng Eng Hen. But he added: "It was a significant ISIS asset."

Dr Ng said that then US Secretary of Defence Ash Carter thanked him personally for Singapore's contribution to the operations, and the coalition forces have asked for more imagery analysts from Singapore.

"We are making an impact, we are making a difference," said Dr Ng in an exclusive interview with The Sunday Times last week after he visited the SAF medical team based in Iraq to support the coalition forces.


Besides the medical team in Iraq and satellite imagery analysts in Kuwait, the SAF also has a KC-135R air-to-air refuelling plane, and intelligence and planning officers based in Kuwait.

These are Singapore's contributions and long-term commitment to the international efforts to counter extremism and terrorism, Dr Ng noted.

On whether Singapore's involvement put it in the cross hairs of terror attacks, Dr Ng said: "The unfortunate truth is that everybody is in its cross hairs. Malaysia and Indonesia were never part of the coalition forces, but you have attacks in Puchong, you have attacks in Jakarta. So the terrorists attack them, and they are Muslim countries."

He added: "The leaders of countries I've spoken to, Muslim or all ASEAN countries plus our partners, all recognise that if we did nothing, it's not as if these ISIS elements will say, 'Well, I'll leave you alone'.

"So there's no escaping this reality that you are targets from the word 'go', not because of what you've done, but because of what you are."

Singapore is not seeking to be "everywhere" in the fight against terror, but it will deploy its resources in meaningful ways, Dr Ng said.

But he acknowledged that the deployment of soldiers on the ground puts them in harm's way.

"This is a dangerous terrain, whether it's Afghanistan or Iraq or previously in the Gulf of Aden," he said. "You're always happy when nothing happens and you're not wishing for things to happen, but you have to always be alert."

He also addressed the perception that Singapore's soldiers are typically deployed in safer roles behind the front lines. He said that the layman's definition of fighting and non-fighting soldiers is "very wrong". "It is not correct (in the) military context," he noted.

Soldiers like medics may be behind walled cities and army camps, but it does not mean that they are not at the front lines, not involved in combat or in any less danger, he pointed out.

The dangers can come from improvised explosive devices or people turning onsoldiers in camp, he added.



Dr Ng's visit to Iraq last week came after Singapore leaders noted that the terror threat is at its highest in years and after ISIS released its first propaganda video featuring a Singaporean, Megat Shahdan Abdul Samad, 39.

The video does not surprise Dr Ng, who said that "we know of individuals who are in Iraq and Syria".

"Even with ISIS being reduced in strength, you still have Singaporeans, Malaysians, Indonesians being radicalised," he noted, adding that it showed the importance of Singapore's contributions to international efforts in combating terrorism "at its source".

Singaporeans are more psychologically prepared for the eventuality of a terror attack than two years ago, Dr Ng said, but any attack will "always come as a shock".

"But I think we can overcome it, and... prepare ourselves to regroup, not to allow it to fragment our society," he said.





Defence Minister Ng Eng Hen visits Singapore troops in Iraq, declares them to be 'in high spirits'
By Elgin Toh, Insight Editor, The Straits Times, 27 Sep 2017

Defence Minister Ng Eng Hen visited Singapore troops in Iraq on Tuesday (Sept 26), and he declared them to be "in high spirits".

The Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) medical team has been deployed to Iraq since June this year to provide medical support to multinational coalition forces countering the threat there from the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS).

The coalition forces consist of troops from the United States, Australia and New Zealand.

Dr Ng was briefed by the SAF medical team on their tasks and responsibilities, and saw a demonstration of the team's in-theatre medical capabilities.

Dr Ng said in a Facebook post that the Singapore troops "provide excellent medical care for coalition soldiers there".

He also emphasised the importance of their mission in Iraq and expressed confidence in their ability to carry out the mission, added a Defence Ministry statement.



Dr Ng was accompanied by Senior Minister of State for Defence Maliki Osman, Chief of Defence Force Lieutenant-General Perry Lim and other officers.

During the visit, Dr Ng was also briefed by coalition commanders from Australia and New Zealand.

Dr Ng wrote on Facebook: "The coalition commanders I spoke to gave two pieces of good news. One, that ISIS is falling faster than anticipated and now reduced to pockets of resistance in Iraq and second, the Iraqi Army has raised their capabilities over time.

"We should all take heart in this progress, and that the battle against extremist terrorism is being won by countries who believe in law and order and the rights of their own citizens to choose their way of life."

He added: "At the same time we must remain vigilant, as the threat of terrorism increases in ASEAN."

At the briefing, the coalition commanders stressed that the support of partners like Singapore was vital in the fight against the terrorist threat.

They "expressed appreciation for the SAF medical team's contributions", the Defence Ministry statement said.











Of LRT disruptions and political pressure

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By Elgin Toh, Insight Editor, The Straits Times, 2 Oct 2017

Eyebrows were raised last month when Transport Minister Khaw Boon Wan said that "political pressure" had prompted the building of the Bukit Panjang LRT (BPLRT) line, which was completed in 1999.

He also described the BPLRT as an "afterthought" - a line constructed in a built-up town, as opposed to one planned from the town's inception.

His comments were part of an explanation as to why the BPLRT faces more frequent disruptions. His broad point: It was conceived in less-than-ideal circumstances.



A brief backgrounder: When the Bukit line - or the branch line from Jurong East to Choa Chu Kang that was later merged into the North-South MRT line - was built in the 1980s, Bukit Panjang happened to fall some distance from it. Residents had to go to the neighbouring Choa Chu Kang to board an MRT train.

Those from Bukit Panjang and other areas without MRT stations could feel the daily inconvenience, and they asked for better links to MRT lines. The Government studied the use of LRT lines to do this.

"Political pressure" came from residents asking questions of the Government, and MPs reflecting the sentiments behind closed doors with ministers or in Parliament.

One Bukit Panjang resident told The Straits Times before the BPLRT was built: "I hardly ride on the MRT as the bus (to Choa Chu Kang station) can be a 20-minute wait." Another resident said: "The internal (feeder) bus service is quite bad and, although the bus into town is fast, it's always very crowded."

Then Communications Minister Mah Bow Tan, who oversaw transport, told Parliament in 1994 that "many MPs and members of the public have suggested introducing light rail systems as an additional form of public transport". The LRT issue was also raised in 1995 at a dialogue with residents when Acting Environment Minister Teo Chee Hean visited Bukit Panjang for a ministerial walkabout.

The Government thus began planning for two LRT lines - in Bukit Panjang and Buona Vista. In 1996, it announced that BPLRT would go ahead, but Buona Vista would not, because it was not financially viable - there were not enough riders.

Some may find Mr Khaw's remarks on "political pressure" surprising, if they see the People's Action Party (PAP) Government as being a tough, paternalistic one that does not shy away from decisions contrary to political pressure. But this would not be the first time the PAP has made policy shifts, even U-turns, under pressure.



In 1985, the Government raised taxi fares sharply, as part of a package of reforms in response to perennial commuter complaints about how difficult it was to get a cab. The hikes brought demand down to such an extent that taxi drivers' earnings fell significantly.

The uproar from commuters and drivers forced an "embarrassing U-turn", said one account in this newspaper. Just four days after fares went up, the Government agreed to cut them by 20 per cent. The fares in the end were still higher than before, but the increase was moderate compared with the earlier hike.

In 2001, land reclamation was due to be carried out at the eastern tip of Pulau Ubin, affecting a coastal area called Chek Jawa. Nature lovers had not long before discovered that the area was rich in biodiversity. The Nature Society wrote to The Straits Times calling for the area to be preserved - a call that was turned down in a reply from the authorities.

Members of the public then visited Chek Jawa in the thousands - they feared it would soon be gone forever. Then, just five months after saying reclamation would go ahead, the Government announced it had "deferred" its plans after it "carefully considered all public submissions" and consulted with experts.

"Who says the Government does not listen to feedback from the people?" asked Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong, when he cited Chek Jawa at his 2002 National Day Rally.

These are by no means the only instances of policy shifts under pressure. Others include: the shelved Lower Peirce golf course, the Graduate Mothers Scheme, the ramp-up in public housing construction after the 2011 General Election and, this year, the U-turn on the museum name, Syonan Gallery.

Mr Khaw's statement that the Government gave in to "political pressure" in building the BPLRT 20 years ago should, thus, not surprise us. The act of governing is a dynamic process, as public acceptance of policies is constantly monitored, to see if a different approach is needed. Also, democratic politics is, in a sense, designed to force governments to respond to voter displeasure, which is often a good thing.

Change is especially warranted when ground-up clamour alerts the Government to important information it had previously not taken into account. A relook at the decision based on that fresh information is justifiable. Indeed, not relooking it would be wrong.

In some cases, the new information is objective in nature, as in the 1985 taxi fare hike. The Government had plainly underestimated the post-hike fall in demand. In other cases, the new information is objective and subjective, as in Chek Jawa. The Government learnt new facts about Chek Jawa and got a better sense of the depth of public sentiment over the nature area.

Subjective new information is no less valid a basis for reversing a decision. People's feelings matter. These are public policies - the public ultimately has to feel comfortable about them, and own them.

But there should also be a limit to responsiveness. Sometimes, public sentiment is transient and just needs to be waited out. Caving in too easily can become populism. It can lead to fiscal irresponsibility. It is also likely to create a national atmosphere that is ungovernable, since all manner of opportunistic demands will probably arise. A balance thus needs to be struck, which requires sound judgment.

Indeed, voters are passing judgment as well. They too want to see responsiveness without overreaction.

On LRTs, the fact that the decision went one way on Bukit Panjang and the opposite way on Buona Vista does add to confidence that the decisions were made studiously.

But the Government still has much work to do on the BPLRT. It has planned a systems upgrade and a replacement of ageing parts. Good execution of this overhaul is needed - to stave off more political pressure.
















Parliament: Overhaul of Bukit Panjang LRT to address design issues, tender to be called later this year
Govt to call tender later this year; operating hours may be cut for interim upgrades
By Adrian Lim, Transport Correspondent, The Straits Times, 3 Oct 2017

A tender will be called later this year to overhaul the problematic Bukit Panjang LRT (BPLRT) and tackle the flawed design behind its reliability woes.

Second Minister for Transport Ng Chee Meng told Parliament yesterday that the BPLRT's design was adapted from an airport system to fit into an existing housing estate.

"This straight-line design of the LRT was adapted into undulating terrain and sharp turns, causing the (trains') power collector shoes to dislodge from the power rail," he said, noting that most disruptions on the 18-year-old line have been due to power-related faults.

"We have taken a look at the design considerations, and this will be addressed in the upcoming tender to improve the reliability of the whole system," he added, without elaborating.

The Land Transport Authority (LTA) is expected to provide more details at a later date.

The tender will be awarded in the first half of next year, Mr Ng said.



In the meantime, he said the LTA and operator SMRT are looking to shorten the BPLRT's operating hours to give engineers more time to perform interim upgrades and maintenance work. These works, to be completed by this year, include the installation of a new power source at the Ten Mile Junction substation to provide a back-up to the existing power system at Choa Chu Kang.

LTA and SMRT are also carrying out detailed checks on the LRT's power rails, identifying "hot spots" and replacing components.

The BPLRT's design came under the spotlight after Transport Minister Khaw Boon Wan said last month that the system was built as an "after-thought" and due to "political pressure". Mr Khaw also said the 7.8km line was designed in a "masochistic manner", and likened the ride to a "roller coaster".



Replying to Mr Pritam Singh (Aljunied GRC) and Mr Liang Eng Hwa (Holland-Bukit Timah GRC) yesterday, Mr Ng said the LTA was exploring a pilot Light Rail Transit (LRT) network in the 1990s to bridge the last-mile gap to the MRT system, and ease vehicular congestion in housing estates.

Bukit Panjang was identified in 1994 for the pilot. But the estate had been planned and built without an LRT system in mind, he said.

"Over time, we discovered that this made the LRT prone to faults, especially power trips at the sharp bends," he added.

To tackle the disruptions, SMRT is forming a quick response team to rectify train faults and shorten service recovery times, he said.

Mr Liang asked if more buses could be deployed when the BPLRT is being overhauled. Mr Ng replied that SMRT will provide bus services to "alleviate commuters' inconveniences" during the process.

"But because Bukit Panjang is a relatively mature estate, there are limits to how many buses we can put on the roads without causing further congestion," he added.

Ms Lee Bee Wah (Nee Soon GRC) asked if there are plans to build an LRT system in Yishun, to which Mr Ng replied that there are none.









Las Vegas shooting kills at least 59 in deadliest ever US gun attack

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Polarised politics ensures little will change on gun policy
By Nirmal Ghosh, US Bureau Chief, The Straits Times, 4 Oct 2017

As the scale of Sunday night's massacre at a concert in Las Vegas became apparent, Massachusetts Senator Elizabeth Warren, a Democrat, tweeted: "Tragedies like Las Vegas have happened too many times. We need to have the conversation about how to stop gun violence. We need it NOW."

But America has been having the conversation for years. It peaks at every mass shooting that shocks a nation increasingly dulled by 24-hour cable news.

Sunday's mass killing may stall a pending Bill to loosen restrictions on the purchase of gun silencers, and another to allow concealed-carry permit holders to take their guns with them to another state. But many analysts say that may be as far as it goes.

The massacre is unlikely to make any decisive difference to a gun debate trapped in political and ideological gridlock.

"We'll be talking about gun laws as time goes by," United States President Donald Trump told reporters yesterday morning as he left for a visit to hurricane-devastated Puerto Rico.



Earlier on Monday, asked about gun legislation and possible political outcomes, White House press secretary Sarah Sanders said it would be "premature" to discuss gun restrictions. "Today is a day for consoling survivors," she said.

Coalition to Stop Gun Violence executive director Josh Horwitz told The Straits Times: "We have 85 people killed every day from gun violence. Congress somehow manages to do nothing. But when we learn more about this, there will be an effort. And if Congress somehow manages not to do anything important, things can happen in the states, where leaders are much less beholden to the National Rifle Association. We have to try, we have to hope."

The National Rifle Association (NRA) and its five million active members helped elect Mr Trump. At the Conservative Political Action Conference in February, NRA chief executive Wayne LaPierre pledged that his organisation would cover Mr Trump's back for the next eight years. Mr LaPierre's simplistic position is: "The only thing that stops a bad guy with a gun, is a good guy with a gun."

But the gun issue is more complex than good guys and bad guys. Americans have a constitutional right to bear arms, dating to an era when citizens feared an oppressive government, and long before automatic weapons. Guns are part of American culture, an article of faith with pro-gun Americans unfazed that the US suffers more mass shootings than any other country in the world.



Polls, however, show that a majority of Americans do favour tighter background checks on people buying guns. Pew Research studies bear this out. But the polls also show sharp divisions, much along party lines. For instance, only about 26 per cent of Democrats and Democratic-leaning independents support allowing people to carry concealed guns in more places, compared with 72 per cent of Republicans and Republican leaners, Pew said. And 26 per cent of Democrats favour allowing teachers and school officials to carry guns in schools, as against 69 per cent of Republicans.

Forty-four per cent of Republicans and Republican leaners say they own at least one gun, compared with 20 per cent of Democrats and Democratic leaners, Pew said.

In Sunday's aftermath, Mr Horwitz said in a statement: "This is not normal. The shooting in Las Vegas is a tragedy - a uniquely American one.

"The United States of America is the only industrialised country where these massacres continue to happen. This time, we cannot move on. We must take action."



Former Democratic Party presidential candidate Hillary Clinton tweeted : "Our grief isn't enough. We can and must put politics aside, stand up to the NRA, and work together to try to stop this from happening again", only to have a pro-Trump cable channel Fox Business host calling her a "heartless hack" for politicising Las Vegas.

Kentucky's Republican Governor Matt Bevin tweeted: "To all those political opportunists who are seizing on the tragedy in Las Vegas to call for more gun (regulations)... you can't regulate evil."

Dr Glenn Altschuler, professor of American Studies at Cornell University, summed it up for The Straits Times. "In essence, we will leave the status quo in place," he said. "It is a mark of the political polarisation that there is no chance of bipartisan agreement."





































































Singapore must stand united against terror threat: MPs

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Multiracialism, strengthening bonds among communities key to prevent distrust, they say
By Nur Asyiqin Mohamad Salleh, The Straits Times, 4 Oct 2017

Parliament yesterday roundly vowed to keep Singapore united against the threat of terrorism, at a time when attacks have sowed discord in societies around the world.

During a 4 1/2-hour debate, 17 MPs from both sides of the House noted the Muslim community had stepped up to counter extremism, and stressed the importance of all communities standing together.

This has become more crucial as the country faces its highest terror threat in years, Mr Christopher de Souza (Holland-Bukit Timah GRC) noted. "That multiracialism can be discussed so openly by members of many different races here in Singapore's Parliament is itself a strength not many Parliaments around the world possess," he said.

Mr de Souza was part of a multiracial slate of four People's Action Party (PAP) MPs who filed a motion on staying united against terror by reaffirming multiracialism and social cohesion.



MPs who spoke - four from the Workers' Party - agreed not to point fingers at any race or religion but to condemn terror attacks in a single voice, he noted. "That agreement is not something to be belittled, especially when we see how so many countries around the world choose the fractious route of finger-pointing and ostracising," he said. "So this bipartisan support for this motion is good for Singapore and good for a united stand against terrorism."

MPs had come armed with suggestions on what more Singaporeans could do to prepare for an attack and nurture trust among the different communities, along with anecdotes illustrating how multiracialism has featured in their own lives.

Some pointed out the rich possibilities on social media, where Dr Intan Azura Mokhtar (Ang Mo Kio GRC) hoped to see more Islamic teachers combat radical ideology and Mr Desmond Choo (Tampines GRC) called for influencers to be trained as "first responders" to dispel falsehoods in times of crisis.

Workplaces should also get in on the action, said Nominated MP K. Thanaletchimi, who suggested having schemes for counsellors and psychologists to prevent vulnerable individuals from being radicalised.

Workplaces, like schools, are key places where multiracialism must be strengthened, said Non-Constituency MP Leon Perera.

A level playing field for all groups will help ensure harmony, said Mr Alex Yam (Marsiling-Yew Tee GRC). "None will and should feel singled out," he added, recalling the casual racism he faced as an undergraduate in Britain, the first time he felt what it meant to be a minority.

"And today back here as a majority, I wonder too: How do our brother and sister Singaporeans from different races cope?" he said, urging the various communities to reach out and forge stronger bonds.



Minister-in-charge of Muslim Affairs Yaacob Ibrahim highlighted several steps the Muslim community had taken to counter extremism, including developing an Islamic College here, and starting a network of religious teachers to engage youth on social media. It has been a challenging journey for the community, he noted. "But we persevered. When other faith communities stepped forward to lend support to our struggle, it gave us comfort that we are not in this alone," he said.

This spirit of multiracialism is a key defence against the terror threat, said Home Affairs and Law Minister K. Shanmugam.

Responding to MPs, he urged Singaporeans to stay united, noting that attacks elsewhere have heightened suspicions among communities. "If you try to strengthen trust after an attack, it is too late. We need to strengthen our cohesiveness and our unity now," he said.

To this end, Singaporeans need to create more common spaces and guard against exclusivist tendencies as well as divisive preachers. Mr Shanmugam said the authorities have barred such preachers from coming to Singapore, and are studying how to deal with hate speech. The Maintenance of Religious Harmony Act is also being reviewed.

Terrorism, he added, poses a threat to Singapore's very existence as one of the world's most religiously diverse and harmonious societies. "We must resolve never to allow that and maintain the precious harmony that we have here," he said, as he ended his speech to chair thumps from MPs.





Multiracialism a bulwark against terror: Shanmugam
Govt is also studying whether to tighten laws against hate speech, says minister
By Danson Cheong, The Straits Times, 4 Oct 2017

Singapore's multiracialism is a key defence against the scourge of terrorism, Home Affairs and Law Minister K. Shanmugam said yesterday, when he also disclosed the Government was studying whether to tighten laws against hate speech.

Besides strengthening social cohesiveness, affirming multiracialism as a fundamental principle of Singapore society is vital if the country is to stay united the day after a terror attack, he added.

The experience of other countries also shows the aftermath of a terrorist attack often leads to increased suspicion among communities.

Mr Shanmugam made the point when responding to a parliamentary motion to be resolute in standing united against the terror threat. "We don't have in Singapore movements titled 'Black Lives Matter', or counter-movements 'Blue Lives Matter', because to us, all lives matter," he said, referring to activist movements in the United States.

The motion was filed by four People's Action Party MPs: Mr Christopher de Souza (Holland-Bukit Timah GRC), Dr Intan Azura Mokhtar (Ang Mo Kio GRC), Mr Murali Pillai (Bukit Batok) and Dr Tan Wu Meng (Jurong GRC).



MPs on both sides of the House agreed that multiracialism was a bulwark against terrorists who seek to tear people of different races and religions apart.

Mr de Souza calls it a "socio-weapon" while Workers' Party Non-constituency MP Leon Perera said it is the surest defence against terror.

"It is the ultimate goalkeeper," Mr Perera added.

A total of 17 MPs spoke during the 41/2-hour debate and everyone supported the motion.

Mr Shanmugam, in his 50-minute speech, dwelt on the types of threats confronting the country, Singapore's response and what the Government and the community need to do.

The terror threat is worsening in the region and further afield, he noted.

Conflicts continue to fester in Myanmar's Rakhine state and the Philippines' Marawi city.

Also, neighbouring countries have released radicalised prisoners, who are "free to plot and are capable of inflicting harm".

There has also been a steady trickle of Singaporeans being self-radicalised.

In recent years, terrorists have used vehicles for attacks, ploughing them into large crowds to inflict casualties. It happened last year in Nice, France.

"There have been several calls for Singaporeans to copy attacks using vehicles, knives, day-to-day implements. We don't say much about this but it's there," said Mr Shanmugam.

A Singaporean arrested last year, Mohamed Omar Mahadi, was a waste truck driver.

"We need to strengthen cohesiveness and our unity now, and do what we have been doing and add on to it," he said, and recalled the ideals set out by founding prime minister Lee Kuan Yew.

The late Mr Lee had said Singapore was to be a multiracial nation, where "everybody will have his place, equal; language, culture, religion".

Mr Shanmugam also said a strong "Singaporean identity" - which will overlay separate racial and religious identities and form the framework of a vibrant society - is something Singapore can achieve.

The Government takes an activist stance in this regard with policies that foster inter-religious and inter-racial harmony, he added.

Race relations remain fraught in most places, he said, drawing MPs' attention to the situation in the US.

Pointing to surveys in 2009 and 2016 on Americans' views on race relations, Mr Shanmugam said there has been a 40 per cent drop in the number who thought race relations were good.

In Germany, where the government had assumed that new Turkish immigrants would assimilate over time, the reverse has happened, and "parallel, isolated societies" have been created.

He said: "Chancellor Angela Merkel said German attempts to create a multicultural society had 'utterly failed'. She was very frank." Germany is now taking a more interventionist approach, he added.

"We have never believed that a laissez-faire approach in creating a national identity, a multiracial society, will work. We were activists in this respect," he said.



He noted that MPs, including Mr Liang Eng Hwa (Holland-Bukit Timah GRC) and Ms Sun Xueling (Pasir Ris-Punggol GRC), had highlighted the benefits of the Ethnic Integration Policy in housing estates in creating common spaces where Singaporeans of all races can interact. The policy mandates a quota for all communities in HDB estates, to prevent racial enclaves from forming.

Other efforts include using English as a medium of instruction in schools and national service.

He also responded to calls by MPs Desmond Choo (Tampines GRC) and Mr Murali for the Government to do more about addressing hate speech online.

He said the Government was "studying whether we need to move more quickly", and be given more options to deal with it.

Mr Shanmugan, who ended his speech to rousing chair-thumps. also stressed that terrorism was not connected to a single religion.

Rather, it is a threat that will not go away soon and threatens Singapore's existence as a religiously diverse and harmonious society.





'Be on guard against exclusivism'
By Danson Cheong, The Straits Times, 4 Oct 2017

Across the Causeway in Johor, a launderette in Muar put up a sign last month that says it welcomes only Muslim customers.

"The incident resulted in a harsh rebuke from the Johor Sultan, who felt it was contrary to principles of harmony and solidarity in the state," said Ms Rahayu Mahzam (Jurong GRC).

She cited the case in Parliament yesterday as an example of extremism creeping into the region.

Home Affairs and Law Minister K. Shanmugam agreed with the point Ms Rahayu made during the debate on the parliamentary motion to strengthen Singapore's resolve to stay united against the terror threat.

Such "narrow-mindedness in the name of Islam drives a wedge between Muslims and non-Muslims", said Mr Shanmugam, adding that it cannot be allowed to take root here.

"The tendencies and the risks are there and we need to guard against them," he added.

Religious teachings that promote segregation, like those espoused by extremist Islamic preachers who say that Muslims cannot express good wishes to non-Muslims during their religious festivals or vote for non-Muslim leaders, have no place in Singapore, he said.



The Government has also banned Christian preachers who have made Islamophobic comments, including two foreign preachers last month, he added.

"This is dangerous. Divisive. Our common spaces will shrink and different segments of the community will drift apart. So we make no apologies for taking that approach," he said.

Mr Shanmugam also said that the Government is studying how it can further restrict foreign preachers who do not share Singapore's values of racial and religious harmony from coming here to preach.

He agreed with Workers' Party MP Faisal Manap (Aljunied GRC) that religious teachings must be aligned with national values.

There was also a need to guard against the mixing of religion and politics, which is happening in some countries in the region, said Mr Shanmugam.

"We do need to relook our practices... Do they promote integration or do they tend to divide? We need to draw a clear line between what is acceptable and what is not," he said.

The Government is reviewing the Maintenance of Religious Harmony Act to deal with this issue, Mr Shanmugam said.

"Religion can and has been a source of strength for our society. But we must also watch for exclusivist, intolerant practices because that can deepen our fault lines and weaken our entire society," he added.





Muslim community tackling various challenges
By Nur Asyiqin Mohamad Salleh, The Straits Times, 4 Oct 2017

Singapore's Malay/Muslim community is concerned about the triple threats of extremist ideology, exclusivist beliefs and practices, and Islamophobia, and is taking a range of steps to tackle them, Minister-in-charge of Muslim Affairs Yaacob Ibrahim said yesterday.

Measures include starting a local Islamic College and a new network of young religious teachers who will counter radicalisation and reach out to youth on social media.

Dr Yaacob, who is Minister for Communications and Information, told Parliament: "All of us, regardless of race or religion, must squarely face and defeat this trifecta of disunity and not let it take root in Singapore."

The Malay/Muslim community, as a minority in a plural society, is acutely aware of the challenges, he said, noting the intense scrutiny it had been put under after the Sept 11, 2001 terror attacks and the discovery of the Jemaah Islamiah (JI) plots here. Yet community and religious leaders rallied together with others to tackle the threat of extremism.



Today, the emergence of ISIS-inspired ideologues has planted seeds of doubt and fear in non-Muslims, magnifying the challenge, he said, spelling out key community efforts.

One, it is working to develop religious leaders and teachers who can provide sound guidance to Muslims and act as a bulwark against extremist and exclusivist ideologies in a multiracial, multireligious society.

The Islamic Religious Council of Singapore (Muis) and Singapore Islamic Scholars and Religious Teachers Association (Pergas) have decided to make it a must for all religious teachers to register under the Asatizah Recognition Scheme. More than 3,000 have done so.

Central to this, the minister noted, is the need for all asatizah, or religious teachers, to abide by a code of ethics, which includes not denigrating any racial or religious group.

"Anyone who crosses the line will be dealt with decisively," he said, citing Singaporean preacher Rasul Dahri, who has been barred from teaching Islam here and whose books - containing "extremist views under the guise of religious guidance" - have been banned.

In a bid to develop future teachers who can provide Islamic knowledge appropriate for Singapore's unique context, Muis has started looking into the development of a Singapore Islamic College.

Two, the community is working to engage members effectively.

Hence, Muis has strengthened its part-time religious programmes to include elements to inoculate young people against extremist influences, and started seminars to advise parents on issues like authenticating online Islamic content.

The Religious Rehabilitation Group, set up in 2003 to rehabilitate radicalised individuals and terror detainees, has also expanded its role to organise dialogues and educate people about Islamic concepts that have been distorted by extremists. To complement its work, Muis has started an asatizah youth network that can be a "first line of response" for those seeking answers.



Dr Yaacob noted that recent years have been "a difficult and challenging journey" for the community.

"Sometimes the majority does not know what it feels to be a minority community. And for the Malay/Muslim community, this sense of being misunderstood is deeply felt, having been in the spotlight for quite some time," he said.

"It is not a pleasant experience when your religion and your religious orientation is under constant scrutiny. But we persevered.

"When other faith communities stepped forward to lend support to our struggle, it gave us comfort that we are not in this alone."

Dr Yaacob said Singaporeans recognise the battle against extremism is not just for the Muslim community, but for all Singaporeans. Strong bonds must therefore be built between the different groups to nurture understanding and respect, he said.

Several members have lauded the Muslim community for its efforts.

Singapore's Muslim leaders are in sync with the larger good of the community, said Mr Alex Yam (Marsiling-Yew Tee GRC), who pointed out that their progressive approach to issues such as organ donation and the human milk bank "only serves to strengthen our social fabric".

Mr Murali Pillai (Bukit Batok) said as the Malay/Muslim community fights extremism, members of the other communities have a responsibility to ensure radicalisation does not set in. "We have a duty to strengthen bonds and preservation of common space," he said.

Dr Yaacob said there must also be more individuals who step forward, online and outside of social media, to reach out to as many as possible.

"New media and the anonymity it lends have led to individuals denigrating other religions or sowing discord between communities over the Internet, inadvertently or otherwise," he said.

"We need netizens to speak up with moral clarity against injustice and stereotypes, and those who promote hatred and intolerance."





Strengthening ties through food and security drills
15 backbenchers yesterday spoke in support of staying united against the terror threat. Joanna Seow highlights some key suggestions.
By Joanna Seow, The Straits Times, 4 Oct 2017

STAY VIGILANT AND RESILIENT

Mr Christopher De Souza (Holland-Bukit Timah GRC), one of the four MPs who raised the motion, suggested preparing posters and other paraphernalia to send messages of unity quickly and visibly in the event of a terrorist attack.

Residents in his Ulu Pandan ward have printed "day after" banners to be displayed around their estates, with messages such as "Deny terrorism a victory. Let's stay united".

These will help in the psychological battle against terror, he said.

After an attack, social media can be divisive and confusing, if there are groups that try to spread falsehoods or rumours online, said Mr Desmond Choo (Tampines GRC).

To counter this, a group of social media influencers can be trained to be "first responders" online. They can start constructive discussions in times of crises and help government agencies spread the correct messages, he said.

Home Affairs Minister K. Shanmugam said he fully agreed with this, and the Government is engaging high-profile influencers to reach out to various segments of the community when an attack happens.

As for workplaces, Nominated MP K. Thanaletchimi said companies of all sizes should be urged to perform SGSecure drills or tabletop exercises on terror scenarios at least once a year. Employees should also be trained in first aid.

She suggested that the Government provide tax rebates or incentives to encourage firms to set up mental wellness programmes with psychologists and counsellors, to intervene and prevent vulnerable individuals from being radicalised.

The Government can also further promote integration at workplaces and encourage companies to set up sustainable diversity management programmes, she said.

Mr Murali Pillai (Bukit Batok) recommended that legislative responses to extremism and terrorism are settled before any serious act of terrorism occurs.

These could include curbing hate speech and teachings on social media, he said, citing Germany's new Network Enforcement Act - also known as its "Facebook law" - passed in June this year. It enables the authorities to require social media companies to remove hate speech from their platforms.

He also recommended setting out clearly legal protections for people such as spouses who report someone suspected of being a terrorist.

PREVENT RADICALISED TEACHINGS

Dr Intan Azura Mokhtar (Ang Mo Kio GRC) proposed getting more people involved in spotting tell-tale signs of an individual at risk of being radicalised. These could include becoming reclusive, developing intense frustrations or developing sudden changes in views.

Community points of contact could, for example, be volunteers and officers in the grassroots, family service centres and social service offices, who are in frequent and direct contact with residents. If they see worrying signs, they should refer the person to the Religious Rehabilitation Group or other certified counsellors.

Teachers should also be trained to notice such signs among students, and can get in touch with their families or redirect their energies to constructive activities, Dr Intan suggested. "The call has always been for families and friends to look out for such tell-tale signs, but families and friends may not always be impartial or neutral enough, or may not always be quick enough to inform the relevant authorities for follow-up help," she said.

Similarly, Mr Faisal Manap (Aljunied GRC) called for more upstream efforts, especially in schools.

The process of radicalisation usually involves using religious doctrine and politics to manipulate minds so that people start to accept terrorist ideology as a way or approach that is acceptable, he said.

"The best way to counter such radical elements is by inculcating in Singaporeans authentic religious values, knowledge that strengthens one's character and also community and national values," he said.

He suggested teaching religious knowledge, psychology and community and national values in schools.

INVEST IN MULTIRACIALISM

Mr Pritam Singh (Aljunied GRC) said stories of commonalities and shared experiences between people of different races serve an important unifying purpose, and ought to be shared.

He cited an example Workers' Party chief Low Thia Khiang cited a few days ago. Mr Low was told by his constituents and friends of how some Chinese Singaporeans were sheltered in the homes of their Malay friends and neighbours during the violent racial riots in the 1960s.



Not all stories are comfortable to discuss but they should be shared, said Mr Singh, who added that examples of a common humanity will help Singaporeans cope and carry on in the event of a terrorist attack here.

Non-Constituency MP Daniel Goh also called for special cohesion grants to fund learning trips and research projects which universities and the social sector can work together on. This can provide more knowledge to improve inter-cultural exchange and the way the various ethnic self-help groups collaborate with each other.

He also suggested teachers go for special training in multicultural pedagogy to better engage students from different backgrounds and encourage more effective cross-cultural interactions in school.

Fostering greater multiculturalism can come from building deeper bonds between neighbours, said Dr Tan Wu Meng (Jurong GRC).

But some newer HDB developments seem to have fewer shared common spaces for community activities, he said, asking the Government to study whether newer estates have enough common spaces for residents to interact informally.

Young people can also forge closer friendships with people of other races through learning their language, he said.

"Our lived experience shapes our racial harmony. It protects against wrong impressions that could arise from social media. It also ensures that a single incident if it occurs, will not colour someone's perception of other communities for life," he said.

When it comes to encouraging residents of all races to take part in various grassroots activities, Ms Rahayu Mahzam (Jurong GRC) said little changes can make a difference. For example, there should be halal and vegetarian food options, and activities should not be organised during prayer times or when people are likely to be in church.

People of different races should also be invited to festive celebrations of different cultures.

Mr De Souza and Mr Gan Thiam Poh (Ang Mo Kio GRC) also noted how food can be a unifying experience across cultures.

Mr Gan cited popular grassroots events like durian parties, where residents come together and bond over a feast of fruit.

All the races have the same interest in eating durian, he said: "This has become like a common language."





Communities must unite to combat extremism: DPM Teo
By Zhaki Abdullah, The Straits Times, 4 Oct 2017

Different racial and religious communities must unite to counter extremism and violence in all forms, Deputy Prime Minister Teo Chee Hean said yesterday.

"Inter-communal tensions and distrust can be easily exploited by those seeking to divide society and advance their radical ideology," Mr Teo said at the 17th general assembly of the Regional Islamic Da'wah Council of South-east Asia and the Pacific (RISEAP) at the Grand Hyatt Hotel.

Formed in 1980, RISEAP is an organisation for Muslim-minority communities in South-east Asia and the Pacific region to cooperate and share best practices.

Mr Teo, who is also Coordinating Minister for National Security, pointed to the conflict in the Rakhine state in Myanmar as an example of a "longstanding and complex inter-communal issue with deep historical roots".

"Such conflicts, if unresolved, can breed extremism and terrorism that could spread to threaten the region," he said as he called on all parties to stop the violence, restore stability and allow humanitarian aid to reach those who need it.



To counter extremism and terrorism, a close watch must be kept on teachings or statements that exclude and divide, he said.

Because of this, Singapore recently banned two foreign Christian preachers who had made denigrating and inflammatory comments on other religions.

Mr Teo said attacks by those claiming to act in the name of Islam had led to a rise in Islamophobia - a prejudice against believers of Islam - in some countries.

Echoing his comments, RISEAP deputy president Ridzuan Wu said the acts of extremist groups such as Al-Qaeda and the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria had caused some non-Muslims to paint all Muslims with a broad brush.

Bodies such as RISEAP have the responsibility of building bridges between different communities instead.

A strong foundation of mutual understanding and mutual respect between communities is needed to encourage integration and enlarge the common space, said Mr Teo.

"Many religious organisations in Singapore adopt inclusive practices and partner each other in their activities," he said.

"Our mosques welcome non-Muslims to visit. And it is now common for non-Muslims in Singapore to join their Muslim friends at iftar or breaking fast during Ramadan, and learn more about Islam." Building "open, inclusive and integrated" societies can help build bridges of trust and mutual understanding between different communities, he said.

"This will provide a strong reservoir of trust as we counter extremism in all its forms together, and promote social progress for all."











Making multiracialism a 'lived reality' in Singapore
By Elgin Toh, Insight Editor, The Straits Times, 4 Oct 2017

A Eurasian MP, a Malay MP, an Indian MP and a Chinese MP walk into a House.

But unlike the proverbial coffee shop joke this might bring to mind, the four MPs from each of Singapore's races tabled a motion in Parliament yesterday that triggered a serious and substantive debate on reaffirming multiracialism in the face of the terrorist threat.

Mr Christopher de Souza (Holland-Bukit Timah GRC), Dr Intan Azura Mokhtar (Ang Mo Kio GRC), Mr Murali Pillai (Bukit Batok) and Dr Tan Wu Meng (Jurong GRC) were joined by 13 other MPs, in a debate that also covered the need to promote vigilance and to prevent the spread of violent extremism.

It was a debate marked by much common ground - uniting MPs across not just racial lines but also party lines, with four Workers' Party MPs speaking in support of the motion.

The most compelling moments in the 4 1/2 hour debate came when MPs told personal stories, some of which were deeply moving.

Mr Alex Yam (Marsiling-Yew Tee GRC) recounted his university days in Britain - when he first understood what it meant to be part of a minority. Some shop owners would call him "Ching, Chang and Chong" - "regardless of my actual surname", he recalled. "They never did it with any sort of malice. It was always with a smile. It almost seemed normal to them."

Others referred to him as "a communist from the mainland or a boat boy from Saigon".

His encounters with casual chauvinism taught him to be more mindful of what Singaporeans who are minorities here might be experiencing.

Mr Leon Perera spoke of growing up in a three-room flat and playing with children of other races along the common corridor.

"We would run into one another's flats and spend time there playing, and then come out and run into someone else's flat," he said.

He remembers fondly playing with lanterns in his pyjamas with other children during the Mid-Autumn Festival, and a Chinese neighbour giving him free hair cuts. Children today do play with children of other races along common corridors, but "in truth not as much as I did back in the 1970s".

Mr Perera also recalled an instance of job discrimination, with the caveat that it was a rare incident: "Once, early on in my career, I wanted to hire someone of a particular race and a colleague told me that they had had bad experiences with employees of that race. I went ahead to hire this person anyway. That employee turned out to be outstanding and got promoted twice."

Mr de Souza spoke of Cik Zainap, a Malay woman who helped his mother look after him and his sister as they were growing up .

She became a part of the family, and, till today, Mr de Souza keeps in touch with her. His three children call her "Nenek", or granny, and she considers them her "cucu", or grandchildren.

His experience and that of others indicate a "big reservoir of trust... among the races", he said.

These stories form part of the "lived reality" - a phrase used by Law and Home Affairs Minister K. Shanmugam - of multiracialism at work in Singapore.

"What is the experience? Your experience, my experience, the experience of our people. You know the answer. We can agree on the whole that we are going in the right direction, but it is always a work in progress," said Mr Shanmugam.

Not all the stories paint a rosy picture, such as Mr Perera's story about job discrimination - and this is where the work is still in progress.

But MPs yesterday said it is important to allow - within limits - some of these stories about race or religion to be shared, because it fosters resilience. "If in our conversations, we speak only politely or in a politically correct way, it will not help us build and strengthen trust," said Mr Liang Eng Hwa (Holland-Bukit Timah GRC).

Stories of lived experiences are also a reminder that multiracialism is not a lofty concept. It is what happens every day in the life of each Singaporean, and individuals can therefore make a real difference to it - an empowering yet terrifying thought.

The concrete actions Singaporeans can take range from encouraging their children to mix with other races, to celebrating the festivals of each community together, to refusing to engage in chauvinist banter (including coffee shop jokes, if they are offensive).

If the bonds between Singaporeans of different races and religions are strong, then society will stay united when a terrorist attack happens. Singapore can avoid finger pointing or placing one community under the spotlight.

But this has to be worked on consistently, because, as Mr Shanmugam noted, "if you try to strengthen trust after an attack, it is too late".

Terrorists seek to strike fear within societies by convincing them that they are helpless in the face of the threat. Yesterday's sitting offered a forceful rebuttal with the message: Singaporeans are not helpless. Each can contribute to the fight against terrorism by helping to build a truly multiracial Singapore.










Bukit Batok water pipe leaks caused by corrosion, says PUB

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Investigations are ongoing; works start this week to replace 170m of pipeline in St 21 area
By Lin Yangchen and Tan Tam Mei, The Straits Times, 5 Oct 2017

National water agency PUB is checking all 100km of water pipes in Bukit Batok after initial observations found that corrosion caused two water pipes in the estate to burst in the span of less than a week.

Investigations into the incidents are ongoing, including what caused the pipes to corrode, added PUB yesterday, even as it looks to speed up a project to renew old water pipes islandwide.



On Sept 26, and then on Sunday, pipes had burst in Bukit Batok West and Bukit Batok East, respectively. Water spouts rose several storeys and caused localised flooding.

Mr Michael Toh, director of PUB's Water Supply (Network) Department, told reporters during a site visit to Bukit Batok that both pipes were laid in the 1980s, when Bukit Batok New Town was being developed.

The pipe that burst in Bukit Batok West was a 700mm-diameter high-pressure steel pipe and supplied water to the whole Bukit Batok estate.

The one in Bukit Batok East was a smaller 150mm ductile iron distribution pipe.

Starting later this week, PUB will replace 170m of pipeline within the Bukit Batok Street 21 area, which includes Blocks 222 and 223, where the most recent incident occurred. The works are expected to be completed by the end of the year.

PUB will also examine the condition of the old pipes that will be dug out in Street 21 before deciding whether to step up the frequency of inspections elsewhere in the estate.

Mr Toh said the pipes in the estate were checked in January, in accordance with PUB's practice of checking all pipes in Singapore at least once a year.

He said that although the two recent leaks in Bukit Batok were quickly detected by wireless sensors installed throughout the potable water pipe network, water continued spouting for a while because the agency was rerouting water from other pipelines to ensure an uninterrupted supply to customers.



In response to additional queries, a PUB spokesman said pipe leaks could also be caused by wear and tear due to age, damage from other works in the area, soil settlement and pipe corrosion due to high water table or high salinity in the soil.

Singapore experiences about six leaks per 100km of pipes a year, down from 95 leaks per 100km in 1985. Around 5 per cent of the water supply is "unaccounted for" - lost through events like leakage, firefighting, maintenance and others.

This beats many other developed cities: According to a report by the Smart Water Networks Forum, unaccounted-for water in 2011 stood at 25 per cent in Hong Kong and 28 per cent in London, for example.

Associate Professor Tan Soon Keat of the Nanyang Technological University's School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, said zero pipe leak or burst incidents is not possible, and detecting them has always been a challenge.

"With the system we have, occasional leaks are inevitable.

"Our agency (PUB) has an excellent and responsible response team that is the envy of many other places," said Prof Tan.



PUB is looking into acoustic technology that would enable the agency to identify worn-out pipes with thinning walls that could be on the verge of springing leaks.

"Water is precious and leaks are disruptive, so all the more we need to prevent them," said Mr Toh.

PUB has a pipeline renewal programme that began in the 1980s, replacing unlined cast iron pipes laid during colonial times with more robust materials such as cement-lined, polyurethane-coated ductile iron and steel pipes.

Last year, it renewed 20km of pipelines. It said it would accelerate the programme, and aims to renew an additional 125km of its 5,500km of potable water pipes by 2019.

Additional reporting by Tan Tam Mei








Workplace role model: The chef who gave up his Michelin stars

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By Stefan Stern, Published The Straits Times, 6 Oct 2017

Maybe life is too short to stuff a mushroom after all. That is one conclusion to draw from the news that three-star Michelin chef Sebastien Bras has decided to renounce the accolade for a simpler existence in the kitchen instead.

"I want to give a new meaning to my life… and redefine what is essential," he said last month in a Facebook video message. He still wants to cook, it seems, just not so much of the fancy stuff and not under constant scrutiny.



How should you react to achieving a lifetime's ambition? The restless and the neurotic would press on, set new goals, imagining new threats or rivals to dispatch.

Alexander the Great was said to have wept when he saw there were no new lands to conquer. But having reached the top, Bras has decided it is time to do something else, to choose a calmer life. Once you have reached a peak, it is hard to avoid a sense of slipping downhill. But keeping up a three-star culinary performance does not seem to Bras to be worth the candle, the linen or the silverware.

Motivation and satisfaction in doing a job well can be shattered if you feel disrespected, menaced or taken for granted. Indeed, that elusive third star sometimes seems to have as much to do with staffing levels and degrees of luxury as it does with the cooking. It costs money to run a place like that. If clients don't spend an average of £100 (S$180) a head, a three-star establishment would probably struggle to break even.

The real significance of Bras' decision is what it tells us about motivation and meaningful achievement at work. What he likes is cooking, not the theatre or outward frippery of the three-star venue. Nor does he want to be measured by the anonymous Michelin inspectors who might descend at any moment. He wants to do work that he feels good about, that matters to him. He wants to satisfy customers, not hit arbitrary targets or conform to other people's ideas of quality. His motivation comes from within. He cannot be motivated or "incentivised" by other people. It is all down to him.

Managers should pay attention. They can try to impose performance measures on staff. They can dangle carrots in the hope of encouraging higher output. But people are not donkeys. They are wise to such tactics. Sensible employers have been rethinking their approach to managing performance, with firms such as PricewaterhouseCoopers, Accenture, Microsoft, IBM and General Electric all abandoning the traditional annual appraisal.

What psychologist Frederick Herzberg called "kick in the ass" management can produce movement, but not motivation. As he noted in a Harvard Business Review article almost 50 years ago: "If I kick my dog (from the front or the back), he will move. And when I want him to move again, what must I do? I must kick him again. Similarly, I can change a person's battery, and then recharge it, and recharge it again. But it is only when one has a generator of one's own that we can talk about motivation. One then needs no outside stimulation. One wants to do it."

Whether you are an overworked chef or pilot, the intrinsic motivation and satisfaction in doing a job well will be shattered if you feel disrespected, menaced or simply taken for granted.

The curse of bad management practice can be found at every level, in the professions too. It is not just Uber drivers, couriers and retail workers on zero-hour contracts who worry about poor treatment, bad conditions and overwork.

Our newly liberated chef is thus an important role model. He is taking back control. He is rejecting the drudgery of the career ladder and the self-imposed pressure of conforming to other people's expectations and standards. He will cook what he likes when he likes, and satisfy his own personal ambitions. Let others worry about Michelin stars. He will focus on pleasing his customer... and himself.

Bravo, chef! I'll have a nice plate of egg and chips please, when you're ready.

GUARDIAN

Stefan Stern is the author of Myths Of Management, and a visiting professor at Cass Business School.


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