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Video consultations rolled out to cut hospital trips

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6 public healthcare institutions in scheme that lets patients consult experts from their homes
By Linette Lai, The Straits Times, 13 Apr 2017

Patients could find themselves travelling to hospital less often once a new video call system for medical consultations clicks into gear.

The system enables patients to consult experts from the comfort of their homes, and hospitals to use their resources more effectively.

Six public healthcare institutions have agreed to join this project, including KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, National University Hospital (NUH) and Singapore General Hospital (SGH).

Some have already started using the system, while the rest will do so by the year end. More institutions, including private ones, could come on board later. The list of services and conditions that can be addressed through video consulting could also expand.

Each institution has its own video call services. For example, SGH is focusing on speech therapy, while the Institute of Mental Health (IMH) offers psychiatric counselling.

All patients will get face-time with a doctor at their first appointment. Only those whose conditions are deemed suitable will be given the option of a video call follow-up.

"This is new, so we are moving cautiously... you do need a clinical assessment that involves face-to- face (interaction)," said Associate Professor Low Cheng Ooi, who is chief clinical informatics officer at Integrated Health Information Systems (IHiS), Singapore's healthcare technology agency.

"We can't just throw away the stethoscope and replace it with a camera," added Dr Low, who is also chief medical informatics officer at the Ministry of Health.

Still, these calls could either replace follow-up consultations or allow for more frequent check-ups.

During their video appointments, patients can log in using a smartphone application or their Web browser. The consultation will start after a check to verify their identity.

Similar "tele-medicine" projects have been carried out on a small scale by individual healthcare institutions as far back as 2005.

However, this is the first time a concerted effort has been made to get so many different centres on board. Apart from the four hospitals, two specialist centres - IMH and the National University Cancer Institute, Singapore (NCIS) - are involved in the new scheme.

Having all the groups use a single virtual platform allows for consistent implementation nationwide, said Mr Chua Chee Yong, who is director of the planning group at IHiS.

The scheme is part of the Smart Health initiative - under the broader Smart Nation drive - that aims to use technology to increase productivity and ease the burden on crowded hospitals.

"Cases are getting more complex as our population ages," said Mr Chua. "At the same time, our physical and manpower resources are also stretched. We need to find effective ways to use our limited resources."

So far, about 190 patients have been enrolled across four institutions. NCIS and NUH will get on board later this year.

The old pilot projects - which use different systems and cover areas such as ophthalmology and geriatrics - will be gradually shifted onto the new video call platform.

Unlike existing platforms, said Mr Chua, the new service allows for multi-party calls, so several medical staff can join in. It is also cheaper to scale up, and can cater to participants on mobile phone platforms, he added.








Video consultations handy for patients
Some give telemedicine the thumbs up, but others prefer to see doctors face-to-face
By Linette Lai and Selina Xu, The Straits Times, 13 Apr 2017

A few months after her son's birth, administrative worker Liu Xin realised that he had a bad case of eczema - a skin condition which causes itchiness.

She took him to KK Women's and Children's Hospital (KKH), where doctors asked if she preferred that the next consultation be done through video call via a smartphone or computer. She said yes.

"It would have caused us some trouble to take the baby to the hospital," Ms Liu, who is in her 20s, told reporters yesterday, giving the thumbs up to telemedicine.

Her six-month-old baby is one of the first patients to use the new video call system, which is being rolled out nationwide, starting with six public healthcare institutions, including KKH.

Dr Mark Koh, who heads the hospital's dermatology service, said he sees around 200 eczema patients a week, 40 of whom would be suitable for video consultations with pharmacists, who check on a patient's skin and make sure the medication is suitable. "It replaces a follow-up appointment with the doctor and saves an extra visit, especially if the eczema is well controlled," he said.

Pharmacists will help arrange for a face-to-face appointment with a doctor if they decide that the child needs one, he added.

Depending on the hospital, patients may pay for the video consultations upfront after their first face-to-face doctor's visit, and the costs could be lower than seeing a doctor face-to-face.

Mr Bruce Liang, who is chief executive of Integrated Health Information Systems and chief information officer at the Health Ministry, said that they will be monitoring patient feedback on these virtual consultations to make sure patients are comfortable with the technology.

Some, like housewife Catherine Ng, 59, have reservations. "An online consultation just won't have a human touch. In face-to-face consultations, the doctor and patient can communicate better," she said.

However, 19-year-old Lee Xin Min has no qualms about using video call technology for medical consultations, as long as the quality of care remains the same.

Said the student: "Telemedicine sounds incredibly convenient... I can arrange my time around the consultation and return immediately to what I was doing before."

Telemedicine is not a novel concept. Seven years ago, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital started a similar scheme with eight nursing homes. But in that case, a special video conferencing set was used as the technology on smartphones was not so readily available.

The success of the scheme was limited by the need for specialised hardware, said Dr James Low, a senior consultant in the hospital's geriatric medicine department. "Cabling in our hospital and the nursing homes was required when we started," he said.

But even with the constraints, he added, the ongoing scheme has helped save nursing home residents and their caregivers a trip to hospital.





Services provided and how they work
By Linette Lai, The Straits Times, 13 Apr 2017

Q How will the new video consultation system work?

• Patients make appointments after their first face-to-face consultation with a doctor. They will be sent a virtual appointment invitation link.

• On the appointment day, they log in to the video call using a smartphone app or a Web browser.

• A check to verify their identity is then done.


Q What services are provided through video calls, and what is the timeline of their rollout?

KK Women's and Children's Hospital

• When: November last year.

• What: Speech therapy, home care for children, breastfeeding consultations, pharmacy follow-up and consultation for young eczema patients.

Institute of Mental Health

• When: November last year.

• What: Psychiatric counselling and residential care nurse support.

Tan Tock Seng Hospital

• When: January.

• What: Post-stroke care, infectious diseases care, staff training at day care centres, medication counselling and refills.

Singapore General Hospital

• When: This month.

• What: Speech therapy.

National University Hospital and National University Cancer Institute, Singapore

• When: June.

• What: Post-stroke inpatient care at offsite wards, cancer patient care.



99-year lease HDB flats are still nest eggs for future retirement needs: Lawrence Wong

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Older flats 'can still be retirement asset'
Lawrence Wong addresses concern about dwindling value of ageing leasehold homes
By Ng Jun Sen, The Straits Times, 13 Apr 2017

Even as home values fall towards the tail-end of the lease, the Housing Board flat can still be a nest-egg for retirement, National Development Minister Lawrence Wong wrote on Facebook yesterday.

"They provide a good store of asset value, so long as you plan ahead and make prudent housing decisions," he wrote.

He was addressing concerns over the 99-year lease issue that surfaced after he cautioned against paying high prices for older leasehold flats on his blog last month.


The post generated debate and discussion over the dwindling value of homes as they age.


Leasehold property will hit zero value at lease expiry and the land it is on will have to be returned to the land owner, which in HDB's case is the state.




Mr Wong said the ageing home can still be seen as a retirement asset through monetisation options for the elderly.

He wrote: "The general point is that the HDB leasehold flat is not only a good home, but also a nest- egg for future retirement needs."


Three options are available: Downsizing with the Silver Housing Bonus (SHB) scheme, selling the remaining lease back to HDB with the Lease Buyback Scheme (LBS) or subletting the home.

Through the SHB scheme, a 65-year-old couple who bought a four-room flat can sell it and down- size to a smaller one, receiving a cash bonus of up to $20,000.

Mr Wong said: "They can also get quite a lot of money from the sale proceeds - around $100,000 upfront in cash, plus $500 per month of additional income for their retirement (on top of what they would get through CPF Life)."

If they want to continue living in the same flat, LBS allows homeowners of four-room flats or smaller to sell back the remaining years of the lease to HDB for a cash bonus and a stream of retirement income.

The scheme has grown in popularity since it was first launched in 2009. A total of 952 households have taken up the scheme from April 2015 to December last year, when the LBS was extended to include four-room flats.

This is compared to the 965 households which signed up for it over a six-year period from 2009 to 2015, an HDB statement said.



"The cash amount is not as much as if they were to right-size, but that is because they can continue to stay in the same flat," Mr Wong noted.


R'ST research director Ong Kah Seng said that while these schemes do help, more can be done to reach out to the elderly who might not know about them.

"While the response has improved significantly, generally the elderly are not thronging into applying for these options," said Mr Ong.

International Property Advisor chief executive Ku Swee Yong said owners hoping to tap the SHB scheme must be able to sell their current flat to another buyer in order to be able to downsize.

He said: "With people now becoming more wary of buying older resale flats, it won't be easy for elderly couples to sell their old homes in future."















Buying an old HDB flat? Here are some things to consider
The Straits Times, 12 Apr 2017

Data shows that buyers don't mind old HDB flats, paying similar prices for units whether they are 25 or 50 years old.

But beware a potential sharp fall when flats cross 64, with less than 35 years of lease remaining. That's when financing restrictions kick in.

Minister for National Development Lawrence Wong cautioned last month that the vast majority of flats will be returned to HDB when their leases run out.

Flat buyers would best not think of the 99-year lease as a clock that can be reset, The Straits Times' Wong Siew Ying wrote in a commentary.

We summarise some things to consider if you are planning to buy an old flat:


1. HOW MANY OLD FLATS ARE THERE ON THE MARKET?

There are about one million HDB flats. Of these, 70,000 or 7 per cent are more than 40 years into their leases. About 280,000 units are between 30 and 40 years old, according to HDB figures. That works out to about one in three flats being 30 years or older.


2. WHAT ARE THE AVERAGE RESALE PRICES FOR THESE FLATS?

Average resale prices of flats with 60 years and under of lease was $364,052 in 2016, relatively stable compared with $364,264 in 2015, said Mr Eugene Lim, key executive officer at ERA Realty Network.

For example, the median per sq ft price paid for flats in Bedok with lease commencing in 1970 (aged 46 years in 2016) was $407, just slightly lower than $414 for those built in 1995 (aged 21 years). Median transaction prices were much higher for newer flats built after 1995.





3. WOULD PRICES BE AFFECTED BY MINISTER WONG'S COMMENTS?

Property consultancy Edmund Tie & Company believes it may dampen demand especially for highly priced old units. It noted that there has been more discussion on the lease issue among buyers recently.

"There's more awareness, people are concerned if they put in a lot of money in the flat, whether they can recoup it in the future... We may see prices of the more expensive units easing 3 to 5 per cent this year," said Dr Lee Nai Jia, head of South-east Asia research at Edmund Tie & Company.


4. WOULD PRICES STILL BE ROBUST 10, 20 YEARS LATER, AS MORE FLATS HIT 50, THEN 60 YEARS OLD?

Analysts expect property values to drop more sharply towards the tail-end of the lease when loan restrictions and constraints in using Central Provident Fund (CPF) savings to finance the flat kick in.

Analysts highlight three possible key points in the flat's lease cycle that will mark steeper falls in value:

- At 64 years

With less than 35 years of lease left, banks are unwilling to extend loans to finance the purchase of these flats. That applies to flats that are at least 64 years old.

- At 69 years

With less than 30 years of lease remaining, CPF money cannot be used for down payment or to service the monthly mortgage.

- At 79 years

At this point, the property has to be paid for in cash.

"When leases drop to 20 years and below, the prospective buyers will not be able to get HDB loans, bank loans or use CPF for the purchase. Everything has to be paid in cash in one go," International Property Advisor chief executive Ku Swee Yong noted.










Will you still love your HDB flat when it's over 64?
Data shows that buyers don't mind old HDB flats, paying similar prices for flats whether they are 25 years old or 50. But beware a potential sharp fall when flats cross 64, with less than 35 years of lease remaining. That's when financing restrictions kick in.
By Wong Siew Ying, The Straits Times, 12 Apr 2017

In the natural order of things, depreciation sets in as the lease on a property decays over time - meaning as the asset ages, its value should fall in tandem.

Housing Board (HDB) flats which are mostly sold on 99-year leases, however, appear to defy this logic - at least for now - supported by healthy home demand and the growing economy.

Values of older flats in mature estates remain resilient, with some choice units fetching high prices. A five-room flat in Queen's Road went for $950,000 last year despite having only 57 years left on the lease. That worked out to be $706 psf based on a size of 1,346 sq ft, consultancy OrangeTee said.

But prices are unlikely to keep rising through the flat's 99-year lease. The likelihood is that values will fall at a faster clip when the flat's remaining lease is below 35 years.

OLD IS GOLD?

Property agents say buyers may prefer older flats as they are more spacious. Also, some buyers may want to live near their parents in mature estates.

Buyers may also bank on their HDB block being picked for the Selective En bloc Redevelopment Scheme (SERS). Under SERS, the HDB acquires ageing blocks for redevelopment. It compensates residents at market rate for their old flats, and lets them buy new units nearby at subsidised rates.

"From our engagement with buyers of old leasehold flats, it seems that most (think) they would qualify for SERS well before the end of the 99-year lease," noted Mr Eugene Lim, key executive officer at ERA Realty Network.

Such speculative buyers are willing to pay up to a 10 per cent premium over the market price for the old flats, PropNex Realty chief executive Ismail Gafoor said.

Such unrealistic mindsets prompted a blog post by National Development Minister Lawrence Wong last month, urging home buyers not to assume that all old flats will be selected for SERS. In fact, only 4 per cent of HDB flats have been identified for SERS since 1995. The vast majority of flats, Mr Wong noted, will be returned to HDB when their leases run out.

TIMELY REMINDER

Observers say Mr Wong's comments are a timely reminder and a reality check for those over-paying for old flats, or buying them in hopes of profiting from SERS.

It also creates an opportunity to educate home buyers on issues relating to HDB lease decay as flats continue to age.

There are about one million HDB flats. Of these, 70,000 or 7 per cent are more than 40 years into their leases. About 280,000 units are between 30 and 40 years old, according to HDB figures. That works out to about one in three flats being 30 years or older.

More than just a roof over the head, public housing and home ownership has been a key pillar of Singapore's nation-building. HDB flats are also seen as a store of value that can be unlocked when needed. They are also regarded as a reasonable hedge against inflation.

The issue of decaying HDB leases and addressing the implications on retirement adequacy will pose a challenge for the Government in the decades to come.

"It will have to manage expectations that a sizable number of HDB home owners will see the value of their flats being zero at the end of their 99-year lease," said Singapore Management University (SMU) law don Eugene Tan.

Mr Christopher Gee, senior research fellow at the Institute of Policy Studies, said: "Retirement security for a majority of Singaporeans is dependent on the housing market cycle, and the presumption that housing prices at least preserve their value over time."

PRICES STILL HOLDING UP

Property agency ERA said 1,869 flats with 60 years or below of lease were sold last year, up by about 11 per cent from the 1,679 units transacted in 2015. Deals involving such old units account for less than 10 per cent of total resale HDB transactions last year.

Average resale prices of flats with 60 years and under of lease was $364,052 in 2016, relatively stable compared with $364,264 in 2015, said Mr Lim of ERA.

Real estate portal SRX Property, meanwhile, said buyers appeared to be "rather agnostic" about the price of flats aged between 25 and 50 years, based on its analysis of HDB resale transactions in at least three estates last year.

For example, the median per sq ft price paid for flats in Bedok with lease commencing in 1970 (aged 46 years in 2016) was $407, just slightly lower than $414 for those built in 1995 (aged 21 years). Median transaction prices were much higher for newer flats built after 1995.

Dr Tu Yong, associate professor at the National University of Singapore's Department of Real Estate, noted: "Lease decay and depreciation is natural. But other factors like location and demand may push up the value, so the effects of lease decay are not so obvious."

Property prices are also dependent on factors such as size of units and their rarity. Rare terraced flats, for instance, accounted for most of the top five HDB deals for older units last year, said OrangeTee. For example, a four-room terraced flat of 1,163 sq ft in Stirling Road, Queenstown, was sold for $980,000 last year, with 51 years of lease left.

DEPRECIATION: AN ILLUSTRATION

So HDB flat prices are robust now - but will it be so 10, 20 years later, as more hit 50, then 60 years old?

It is hard to ascertain the pace at which flat values will fall. There is no available information on the rate of value depreciation for HDB flats with each passing decade.

However, analysts expect property values to drop more sharply towards the tail-end of the lease when loan restrictions and constraints in using Central Provident Fund (CPF) savings to finance the flat kick in.

International Property Advisor chief executive Ku Swee Yong said there are possibly three key points in the flat's lease cycle that will mark steeper falls in value as its resale appeal wanes, due to financing restrictions.

First, at less than 35 years of lease left when banks are unwilling to extend loans to finance their purchase. That applies to flats that are at least 64 years old.

Second, at under 30 years' lease remaining when CPF money cannot be used for down payment or to service the monthly mortgage (flats that are 69 years old). And third, when leases go under 20 years (flats that are 79 years old).

"When leases drop to 20 years and below, the prospective buyers will not be able to get HDB loans, bank loans or use CPF for the purchase. Everything has to be paid in cash in one go," Mr Ku noted.

The amount of CPF money that can be used to finance the flat purchase is also lower for units with a remaining lease of at least 30 but under 60 years.

Even before these key milestones, owners may start to find it difficult to sell their ageing units, Mr Ku said. He offers an example: A buyer pays $860,000 for a 43-year-old five-room flat in a mature estate, with 56 years left on the lease in 2017. Say he wants to sell the flat in 2033, with 40 years of lease left. Assuming the flat is in good physical condition, and its price falls at 1 per cent a year, it would be valued at $732,000 then.

If rules don't change, a buyer can only get a bank loan with a 10-year tenure to finance the flat, or an HDB loan with a 20-year tenure.

For a bank loan, the monthly mortgage payment will be $5,200 (for an 80 per cent loan over 10 years) and $3,500 for an HDB loan (90 per cent loan over 20 years).

"How many households would want, or have the ability, to service that kind of mortgage?" he asked, adding that households can choose newer flats with longer leases, and take loans with longer durations and lower monthly mortgages.

This could make re-selling pricey older units challenging.

99-YEAR LEASE CLOCK

Market watchers are divided on whether Minister Wong's comments on SERS will immediately dent sales prospects for older flats. "For now, because of overall demand, prices of HDB resale flats will not be negatively affected," says PropNex chief Mr Ismail.

However, property consultancy Edmund Tie & Company believes it may dampen demand especially for highly priced old units. It noted that there has been more discussion on the lease issue among buyers recently.

"There's more awareness, people are concerned if they put in a lot of money in the flat, whether they can recoup it in the future... We may see prices of the more expensive units easing 3 to 5 per cent this year," said Dr Lee Nai Jia, head of South-east Asia research at Edmund Tie & Company

To be sure, this matter of lease decay is not new. Every flat buyer ought to know that an HDB flat comes with a 99-year lease at best, and the buyer's rights are in accordance with the terms and conditions in the HDB lease agreement.

Ms Tang Wei Leng, managing director at Colliers International, Singapore, said: "The HDB owner or lessee has paid a price for the right of use to the property for the lease period. It is therefore fair that the value will run down to zero when the lease expires."

SERS is a niche programme affecting 80 sites so far. It rejuvenates ageing estates and gives flat owners a chance to get a new home with a fresh 99-year lease. But it is an expensive undertaking for the Government, which has said it will continue to offer SERS but only very selectively. In fact, SMU's Associate Professor Tan said he won't discount the possibility that SERS might be scrapped in future for fiscal reasons.

Barring any new schemes, this means most HDB flats will go back to the state once the lease is up.

Flat buyers would best not think of the 99-year lease as a clock that can be reset, but as a guide to planning their home purchase - ensuring the unit meets their budget and needs over the lease period.





HDB leases and what's in store for retirement as society ages
Experts weigh in on how HDB flat owners should prepare for the future as their home ages with them, and how other places have dealt with lease expiry.
By Ng Jun Sen, The Straits Times, 15 Apr 2017

National Development Minister Lawrence Wong's blog post of March 24, in which he cautioned buyers of older resale flats against paying high prices on the assumption that their flats would be "SERS-ed", has set some home owners thinking and counting down the remaining years on their HDB flat leases.

Mr Wong made clear that the Selective En bloc Redevelopment Scheme (SERS) - under which the HDB acquires ageing blocks for redevelopment, compensates residents at market rates for their old flats and lets them buy new units nearby at subsidised rates - was never intended for all flats.

Interviews with home owners in three mature estates of Toa Payoh, Queenstown and Geylang - where, from 2014 to last year, there were the most resale transactions of flats with less than 60 years left on their 99-year lease - found that many had indeed expected a windfall from SERS. Mr Wong's word of caution has left young home owners - like the one who gave his name only as Mr Lim, 30, who bought a Lorong 8 Toa Payoh flat two years ago - wondering whether he will still have a home when his lease expires in 57 years.

A Queenstown resident, who owns a three-room Mei Ling Street flat that has 51 years of lease remaining, remains hopeful that he will be among the lucky minority to be picked. "They SERS-ed the Tanglin Halt area nearby. Shouldn't the Government pick us too?"

Then there is IT engineer Andy Zhang, 40, who broke the record last year for spending the most on a standard, non-terraced flat that is more than 40 years old. He paid $950,000 because the flat's location in Bukit Timah shortens his commute to his job in the city and means his seven-year-old daughter can walk to her primary school nearby. Still, he could not hide his look of concern when told the million-dollar flat will turn to zero value in 57 years' time, and the Government will have the right to retake his flat with no compensation.

A chart by Drea, which provides market analysis, showed that in Geylang, Toa Payoh and Queenstown, the average price of a low-floor unit is about the same for a 30-year-old flat as for a 50-year-old one. That suggests home buyers are currently insensitive towards the lease issue.

On Wednesday, Mr Wong once again addressed the issue of HDB leases, but, this time, he assured home owners that HDB flats can still be seen as retirement nest eggs as they "provide a good store of asset value, so long as you plan ahead and make prudent housing decisions".

ASSET ENHANCEMENT

There are historical reasons for why HDB flat owners expect the value of their home to keep rising. In the 1990s, when asset enhancement was a key goal of the Government, then Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong said in a 1992 speech: "It is in your interest to ensure that the value of your flats continues to rise." That was his argument for why flat owners should support the Government's upgrading programme.

In 1994, then Senior Minister Lee Kuan Yew also spoke of HDB flats as investments: "I would start off with a five-room or an HDB executive... quickly, before my income ceiling takes me beyond that. You buy a flat in Bishan, it's going today for half a million. So I would get there first, stay five years, seven years, and then move out."

For years, HDB prices rose steadily. It was only when recessions hit Singapore around the turn of the century that resale prices went on a roller-coaster ride. By 2013, then National Development Minister Khaw Boon Wan signalled a need to relook the HDB flat's role as an asset. "Looking ahead, as we may no longer get the same kind of returns from reselling an HDB flat as in the past, how will its role as an asset be affected?"



So what does that mean for home owners who need to rely on their HDB flats as a source of retirement income? They should not assume that the price of their flat will go up, says OCBC Bank's vice-president and senior investment strategist Vasu Menon. "Hoping for an HDB flat to appreciate in price by the time you retire, so that you can unlock value by selling the flat, is not a sound strategy."

His advice to HDB dwellers is to have other sources of retirement income, such as investments in stocks, bonds and unit trusts. Then, if the value of their flat appreciates by the time they retire, it will be a "bonus".

Mr Vinod Nair, chief executive of MoneySmart.sg, warns against treating property as "a silver bullet" that will give home owners enough money for retirement. Even before the recent discussion on SERS, it was "fast becoming clear that buying Singapore property for investment was no longer going to be as lucrative as 10 years ago", he adds.

Monetisation schemes are available to HDB owners, and that was a point Minister Wong was at pains to put across in his latest post.

Three options are available.

The Lease Buyback Scheme, launched in 2009, allows owners of four-room flats or smaller to sell the remaining years of the lease back to the HDB. The proceeds go to the Central Provident Fund (CPF) Life national annuity scheme in the flat owner's name, which gives him a lifelong cash payout.

The elderly can also downgrade to smaller flats or HDB studio apartments and benefit from the Silver Housing Bonus scheme, under which the Government gives them a cash bonus of up to $20,000. The proceeds from the sale of their larger flat will go to topping up their CPF Retirement Account. There is also the option of subletting a room for rental income.

But these monetisation schemes depend on prevailing market conditions and come with eligibility criteria. To qualify for the Lease Buyback Scheme, a flat must have at least 20 years of lease left. Five-room and larger flats are excluded.

Home owners who plan to monetise their flats also need to take into account the age of their flats. Those who wish to downgrade and benefit from the Silver Housing Bonus need to be aware that would-be buyers are subject to CPF loan restrictions if a flat has less than 60 years remaining on its lease. The problem is compounded when one considers Singapore's rapidly ageing population. According to the Population White Paper of 2013, the number of those aged 65 and above will hit 900,000 by 2030, when for every one elderly person, there will be only two working adults. That means the older generation will be seeking to downsize their ageing flats, selling to a shrinking pool of younger buyers.

That is why R'ST director Ong Kah Seng believes that "beyond the next 10 years, this (current) set of flat-monetisation options for the elderly may be insufficient as we are entering an ageing society".

WHEN LEASES EXPIRE

Since no HDB flat has yet hit 99 years, no one really knows what will happen when a flat's lease expires. Of the total stock of about one million HDB flats, 70,000, or 7 per cent, are more than 40 years old. About 280,000 units are between 30 and 40 years old.

With about a third of all HDB flats today older than 30, that means that in about 60 years, some 350,000 flats will be seeing the end of their leases if nothing is done about them.

Mr Nair thinks that the Lease Buyback Scheme could be enhanced. Or the Government might come up with a new scheme to help owners of very old HDB flats who wish to live in their flats a while longer.

In Britain, the law states that leases are tenancies, and the leaseholder is essentially a tenant. Unless the tenant or the landlord decides to end the tenancy, it will continue on the same terms after the lease runs out.

This is essentially an automatic renewal of lease, and British law also allows eligible residential owners to extend the lease - by 90 years for a flat and by 50 for a landed house - at a cost pegged to market rates.

In China, Premier Li Keqiang said last month that lawmakers are drafting a real estate provision that would allow property under a 70-year lease to be renewed unconditionally, though details are still not clear. Hong Kong is an interesting case due to its varied history under different rules. Back in 1898, the Chinese government leased the islands surrounding Hong Kong, known as the New Territories, to Britain for 99 years under the Second Convention of Peking. The Special Administrative Region met its own leasehold cliff in 1997, the same year Hong Kong was returned to China. This was dealt with at the stroke of a pen to extend the leases for 50 years without payment of additional premium, but subject to an annual rent of 3 per cent of the property value.

Lease extension and renewal seem to be the textbook solution. But these options will be problematic in high-rise Singapore, where efficient use of land is also a priority. If only a handful of households in a block choose to extend their leases, it would leave them as the only residents in a mostly empty building.

It must also be noted that lease renewal and extensions are not permanent solutions. They merely delay the inevitable, that the lease will eventually come to an end again and create more uncertainties, now that the home is older than before, says Mr Ku Swee Yong, chief executive of International Property Advisor.

Could the solution be an alternative to SERS, such as an en bloc scheme to allow the Government to reacquire sites with less redevelopment potential before lease expiry, but at a lower cost? This "SERS-lite" scheme could work, says Mr Ku. The Government becomes the willing buyer and it can choose to redevelop the site at any time, with less urgency as with SERS. And since there is no need to tear the blocks down right away, the units can still be rented out to the previous home owners, who would be able to pay for it since they would have proceeds from the reacquisition.

The benefits to home owners will not be at the same level as those under SERS, but they would not leave elderly Singaporeans twisting in the wind when their flats reach the end of the road.

But with another 43 years to go before the oldest HDB flats - which are located in Stirling Road - turn 99, there is no need to rush a policy that will have a major impact on Singapore's successful public housing story.

Some may also question whether the Government of today has the mandate to decide the fate of something so far down the line.

By the time Mr Zhang's flat reaches the end of its lease in 2073, he will be 97 years old. His two daughters, now seven and four, will be 64 and 61 respectively. He says with a laugh that, by then, the world will be a very different place.

While the million-dollar flat may no longer be worth anything, the money would have paid for a comfortable and convenient nest for his young family, a place for his daughters to grow, he hopes, to independence.





Related
Don't assume all old HDB flats will be picked for SERS, cautions Lawrence Wong

Pocket-size gadget for 100,000 potential coders: Digital Maker Programme

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Under govt initiative to spark interest in technology, the micro:bit will be rolled out to schools and the community
By Irene Tham, Senior Tech Correspondent,The Straits Times, 14 Apr 2017

To the children in the classroom, it is a toy.

To the Government, it is a device that could help nurture Singapore's future army of coders.

A pocket-size, codeable computer called the micro:bit is being targeted to reach some 100,000 school-going children and adults over the next two years.

The idea is to let the children tinker with it, while they learn to code and, perhaps, develop a love for technology.

Announcing the move yesterday, Minister for Communications and Information Yaacob Ibrahim said: "Who knows, one day we may be nurturing Singapore's own generation of Steve Jobs."

The $30 micro:bit contains a programmable array of LED lights, sensors, a Bluetooth chip and an accelerometer. Users can write codes to turn the micro:bit into a locator tool, for instance, by detecting the presence of another micro:bit tagged to their belongings.

The device is already in use in schools in Britain to help teach coding and inspire interest in STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) subjects.

At his ministry's annual workplan seminar yesterday, Dr Yaacob said Singaporeans need a curious mind and the passion to tinker and create things with their hands.

The Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA) will work with the Ministry of Education (MOE) to roll out micro:bit as part of its new Digital Maker Programme to interested primary and secondary schools over the next two years.

Microsoft Singapore will provide training for the MOE teachers and absorb the cost. The whole exercise is estimated to cost up to $3 million.



The devices will be distributed by Home-Fix DIY to schools, and by the end of this month, it will also be on sale at Home-Fix's retail stores islandwide.

The initiative complements existing enrichment programmes such as Code@SG's Code for Fun, introduced in June 2015 in MOE schools to give children a brush with computing through robotic kits such as Leo Wedo and MoWay, and microcontrollers such as Arduino.

It is part of a larger strategy by the Government to plug the technology manpower gap in Singapore.

Since then, 128 primary and secondary schools have rolled out the Code for Fun scheme, and 56,000 students - some as young as seven years old - have signed up.

The Digital Maker Programme will also be rolled out to the community via the People's Association, the Science Centre Singapore and self-help groups.

In IMDA's early trials at Tanjong Pagar and Toa Payoh East community centres, residents there had used the micro:bit to create an automated watering system for the community garden.

Dr Yaacob said seed funding will be provided to local companies that develop products like the micro:bit.

CHIJ Kellock Primary pupil Darina Daud, 12, said: "I thought computing was going to be boring - until I tried making a digital greeting card with micro:bit."














Private-hire cars must display decals from 1 July 2017

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Enforcement officers will be able to tell if decal is removed and reattached
By Christopher Tan, Senior Transport Correspondent, The Straits Times, 14 Apr 2017

Private-hire drivers here will have to display decals on their car windscreens from July 1.

The 14cm by 10cm plastic decal display - about twice the size of a road tax disc - must be stuck on the front and rear windscreens.

The decal is tamper-evident, which means enforcement officers will be able to tell if it has been removed and reattached.

The Land Transport Authority (LTA) said the measure is "to allow for easier identification of registered private-hire cars, and facilitate enforcement against offences such as unregistered cars providing chauffeured services or private-hire cars picking up passengers by street hail".

Owners of private-hire cars registered with the LTA on or before Feb 28 will have their first pair of tamper-evident decals affixed at no cost. Owners who registered their vehicles after this date will have to pay $20.



They can obtain and get their decals affixed only at the following locations from Monday:

• Vicom/JIC inspection centres

• STA inspection centres

• Uber, Grab affixing centres

The LTA said failure to display the decals will be an offence under the Road Traffic Act. More details on the penalties will be made known at a later date, it said.

The decals will also be inspected when private-hire cars undergo regular vehicle inspections.

All private-hire vehicles must have the decals before their road tax can be renewed.

But if a decal is found to have been tampered with at the inspection centre, the driver will not face a penalty. He merely has to buy a new decal before he will be allowed to renew his road tax for the vehicle.

Letters have been mailed to all registered private-hire car owners to inform them of the requirement.

The official number of private- hire cars here is unavailable, but estimates put it at around 30,000.

Private-hire driver Jerry Yeo, 44, said of the decal: "I love it because it is smallish and could be passed off as a parking label. I am glad it isn't big."

An Uber spokesman said it would be helping its driver-partners comply with the regulation, and has prepared one of its centres to provide decal-affixing services.

"Uber riders are already able to identify the driver's name, licence plate number, car make and even the colour of the car from within the app," it said.

"Since the LTA now requires decals for ride-sharing vehicles, we hope it would also consider allowing these vehicles access to taxi stands."

Besides displaying the new decal, private-hire drivers have to apply for a Private Hire Car Driver's Vocational Licence by June 30.

They have up to a year to complete and pass the 10-hour course. Those who miss the deadline will have to stop driving private-hire cars until they obtain the licence.

Miss Denise Tan, 21, a regular private-hire car user, said the move to require drivers to display the decals would be pointless if it was not enforced.

"It seems like a deterrent effort to me. How are they going to enforce this effectively?" said the university student.









Yusof Ishak Mosque opens in Woodlands

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Yusof Ishak Mosque 'a key Singapore institution': Yaacob Ibrahim
It will promote inclusive values embodied by the late president, Yaacob says at its opening
By Danson Cheong, The Straits Times, 15 Apr 2017

The Yusof Ishak Mosque is a key institution for the Muslim community and also the wider Singapore family, Minister-in-charge of Muslim Affairs Yaacob Ibrahim said yesterday at the opening ceremony of the new mosque named after Singapore's first president.

Through its interactions with the community, the mosque will play an important part in promoting the ethos of multiculturalism and multiracialism, he added, noting that these were values the late Mr Yusof embodied as head of state.

Dr Yaacob was speaking to reporters yesterday after Mr Yusof's widow, Puan Noor Aishah, 84, opened the mosque in a ceremony witnessed by 100 guests, including Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong.



Mr Yusof's three children, Madam Orchid Kamariah, 68; Dr Imran Yusof, 67; and Datin Zuriana Yusof, 64, and other family members and friends were also present.

Puan Noor Aishah told The Straits Times: "I am very thankful to the Prime Minister and the people of Singapore."

Dr Imran, a consultant at a hospital in Brunei, said his family was honoured that the mosque was named after his father.

"My father was just trying his best to help the people of Singapore. He was very keen to spread the pillars of nation building, and the most important pillar would be unity and diversity of the people - we have to be united, however diverse we are."

This ethos of unity and inclusivity was reflected in the guest list yesterday that included Malay Muslim MPs from both sides of the House, such as Minister for the Environment and Water Resources Masagos Zulkifli and Aljunied GRC MP Faisal Manap, religious leaders from other faiths, and grassroots leaders.



Mr Yusof served as Yang di-Pertuan Negara after Singapore gained self-government in 1959, and as president in 1965. He died in office in 1970.

Dr Yaacob said Mr Yusof's ethos should pervade all institutions in Singapore, including private spaces such as mosques and churches.

He added: "For me, the mosque is an important institution. All the Muslims who come here for prayer will attend classes and receive some of the services, therefore, the way we discharge those services must reflect the ethos. It is important to continue to uphold those values, not just for us, but for other Singaporeans."



Programmes like "open mosque day" for non-Muslims would help promote understanding, he said, adding that he hoped there would be more such activities in future.

Mosque chairman Ayub Johari welcomed this, saying in his speech: "This is what it means to be living in multiracial and multi-religious Singapore. It is something special, it is something meaningful and it is something we must all cherish."

This sentiment was echoed by Mr Vincent Chia, 49, from the Covenant Evangelical Free Church, who was a guest at the ceremony. He said: "We want to find partners that we can work together with to serve the community."

Yesterday was also the first time the mosque in Woodlands opened its doors to worshippers, after the prayer hall was consecrated by Mufti Mohamed Fatris Bakaram, Singapore's highest Islamic authority.

More than 5,000 people turned up for the prayer session, also led by him, despite a downpour.

Taxi driver Mohamad Hisham, 49, who was at the session, said: "People will remember (Mr Yusof) when they pray here and ask about Singapore's history."

Also present at the opening ceremony yesterday were Coordinating Minister for Infrastructure and Transport Minister Khaw Boon Wan and Minister for Education (Higher Education and Skills) Ong Ye Kung, who are MPs of Sembawang GRC, where the mosque is located.

The $18 million mosque is the 26th to be built under the Mosque Building and Mendaki Fund programme, and the 71st mosque in Singapore.











LEGACY OF MULTIRACIALISM

In my 2014 National Day Rally, I said we would be naming a new mosque in Woodlands after our first president. Today, the Masjid Yusof Ishak welcomed the public for the first time. Was happy to join his family, the mosque management team, congregants and residents to witness Puan Noor Aishah (Mr Yusof Ishak's widow) officially open the beautiful building... As head of state, Encik Yusof Ishak united all Singaporeans. He stood for enduring values, especially multiracialism. To honour his legacy, the mosque management will be organising activities to bring people of different faiths closer.

PRIME MINISTER LEE HSIEN LOONG, in a Facebook post on the Yusof Ishak Mosque.



































$5 health screening for 1.8 million Singaporeans: Letters out from August 2017

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Singaporeans can be screened for up to five conditions under enhanced Screen for Life programme that starts in September 2017
By Salma Khalik, Senior Health Correspondent, The Sunday Times, 16 Apr 2017

Letters will start going out in August to the 1.8 million Singaporeans who are entitled to a health screening for $5 or less, under the Enhanced Screen for Life programme that starts in September.

With the invitation letter, they can call any of the more than 1,000 general practice clinics on the Community Health Assist Scheme (CHAS) to fix a date to screen for diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, cervical and colorectal cancers.

All Singaporeans aged 40 years and older are eligible. The $5 covers tests and, should any prove positive, a consultation with a doctor. The 400,000 Pioneers get the screening for free, while those with the CHAS card pay just $2. Without the subsidy, it costs about $100.

The Ministry of Health (MOH) hopes that by making it both cheap and convenient, more people would find out if they are suffering from chronic medical problems or the two cancers.

Mr Zee Yoong Kang, Health Promotion Board's (HPB) chief executive officer, said: "It is good practice for everyone, even if you feel healthy, to go for regular health screenings so that you can detect any health conditions early, and manage the condition well."

Today, many people here who suffer from chronic ailments are not aware of it, so they do not take steps to keep them under control, leading to major health problems.

The MOH thinks about a third of diabetics are not aware they have this disease that, uncontrolled, could lead to kidney failure, blindness and amputations.

Similarly, many people who have high cholesterol and blood pressure levels also do not know of them, since there are no symptoms in the early stages. But uncontrolled over time, they raise the risk of getting heart problems and stroke. Colorectal cancer is the most common cancer for men, and second in the list behind breast cancer for women.

Letters will go out to the more elderly first because they are more likely to suffer from chronic medical conditions. An HPB spokesman said: "Screening them early enables these Singaporeans to seek treatment and manage their conditions early."

However, all Singaporeans aged 40 years and older should get their invitation by the end of this year. There is no time limit for them to get screened at the subsidised rate.

The HPB spokesman added: "If the screening results are normal, HPB will send invitations when the next recommended screen is due, usually after three years."

An MOH spokesman said not all 1.8 million people would need to do all the tests, as some might have been diagnosed and are receiving treatment for some of the conditions. Also, the test for colorectal cancer is only for people aged 50 years and older, and the pap smear for cervical cancer is only for women.

Professor Chia Kee Seng said it is difficult to predict the take-up rate.

"There are many reasons why someone who is eligible does not go for screening. Cost is just one of them," he said.

"Success is not the number of people who have gone for screening, but rather, the number who have abnormal results and are subsequently under proper management and follow-up."

CHAS card holder L. K. Lye, 52, said the low rate is tempting, but she does not think she needs to go for screening as she feels well. The office cleaner added that she might do it if she needs to see her doctor.










Woodlands revamp: 10,000 new homes could be added

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Woodlands to become 'Star Destination of North'
New residential projects part of HDB's plans to transform town into 'star destination'
By Melody Zaccheus, The Straits Times, 17 Apr 2017

Woodlands could get almost 10,000 new dwelling units as part of the Housing Board's Remaking Our Heartland (ROH) programme, which is poised to transform the entire town into a "Star Destination of the North".

National Development Minister Lawrence Wong announced the new residential projects yesterday at Woodlands Central, where an HDB exhibition on the area's renewal plans was launched. The projects will be sited at Woodlands Central and Woodlands North Coast.



The Woodlands Central homes, to be integrated with commercial and community facilities, will be built near Woodlands MRT station. The authorities have yet to decide if these will be public or private units.

Meanwhile, the Woodlands North Coast public housing development will offer residents a "housing- in-the-woods" experience by leveraging on the area's natural hilly terrain so they can enjoy views of Admiralty Park and the Strait of Johor.

The entire makeover of Woodlands - the Republic's northern regional centre - will be implemented within the next five to 10 years. A budget has yet to be finalised. He added: "In Singapore, the Government not only builds HDB flats, but we ensure a quality home and living environment for everyone, and so we invest significant amounts in upgrading programmes... billions of dollars."

The ROH programme aims to spruce up the heartland for Singaporeans. Woodlands is set to undergo the biggest changes as part of the scheme's third batch, which also includes Toa Payoh and Pasir Ris.

The HDB listed six "star attractions" to be rolled out in the 1,198ha town. The first involves expanding the Woodlands Regional Centre.

This comprises two parcels of land: retail hub Woodlands Central, a 30ha area around Woodlands MRT station and Causeway Point with a new town plaza; and Woodlands North Coast, a 70ha area between Republic Polytechnic and the Woodlands waterfront.


The second parcel, Woodlands North Coast, is set to house a business park - the first such cluster in the northern region - with land set aside for small and medium-sized enterprises. The facelift for the waterfront also means new trails and a nature promenade for residents.

"The Woodlands Regional Centre will be a new hub for businesses, especially those with Malaysian and Asean linkages. This will create many more opportunities and jobs for Singaporeans. It will make Woodlands an attractive place to live, work and play," said Mr Wong.

Other attractions include a new 1.9km community link called WoodsVista Gallery connecting Woodlands Central to the waterfront and the upgrading of the existing Woodlands Town Garden.

A healthcare complex - Woodlands Health Campus - will include a new acute care hospital, community hospital and nursing home. It will be opened in phases from 2022.

Mr Wong called the HDB's makeover and a swathe of projects in the estate "major game changers". The projects include three new MRT stations in Woodlands by 2019 as part of the upcoming Thomson-East Coast Line. The line will be connected to the future cross-border MRT system linking Woodlands to Johor.

The new North-South Expressway, a 21.5km road linking Woodlands to the city, is also likely to be ready in 2026. Last month, the authorities announced a makeover for Woodlands Checkpoint as well.

The HDB engaged 220 residents and community stakeholders in 2015 over seven focus group sessions, in developing these plans for Woodlands.

A spokesman told The Straits Times that the various agencies will work closely with one another to assess if there is any potential environmental impact from the proposed developments and, where necessary, put in place mitigating measures.

Detailed ROH plans for Toa Payoh and Pasir Ris will be announced on April 22 and April 29.










Woodlands revamp: Scenic link to waterfront popular with residents
By Melody Zaccheus, The Straits Times, 17 Apr 2017

When engineer Prakash D., 44, moved to the area 15 years ago, there was little development, and the estate lacked facilities.

Over the years he has lived in Marsiling, Woodlands and, now, Admiralty.

But yesterday, he left impressed after walking through with his family a new exhibition at Woodlands Central detailing up-and-coming developments in Woodlands.

The WoodsVista Gallery - a new 1.9km scenic route connecting Woodlands Central to the Woodlands waterfront - was particularly popular with residents.

Software manager Foo Toon Hai, 40, said his two young daughters would enjoy the greenery.

Mr Foo was there to check out the new residential developments to be sited at Woodlands Central and Woodlands North Coast.

"If the price and size are right, my wife and I will want to move. This is something I am quite excited about," said Mr Foo.



Dr Lee Nai Jia, head of South-east Asia research at Edmund Tie and Company, said property prices in the area are likely to appreciate gradually because of the projects.

However, he noted that the travelling time from Woodlands to the Central Business District is still long, and business clusters in the area have yet to mature to create jobs for people living there.

"Hence, there is still reluctance for people to move to Woodlands from other locations," he said.

SLP International executive director Nicholas Mak shared the view, adding: "To get people to go into Woodlands could pose a challenge and would ideally require proper strategising and the creation of higher-value jobs there."

The HDB's makeover of the estate will also include refreshing and upgrading neighbourhood centres and parks, adding ramps and lifts, and introducing an ecological network of green corridors to connect green nodes there. The cycling network in the area will also be connected to MRT stations.

The public can weigh in on the plans for Woodlands at an exhibition at Woodlands Central, next to Woodlands MRT station. The exhibition will run until April 30.















ST Explainer: Sprucing up the heartland
The Straits Times, 17 Apr 2017

WHAT IS A REGIONAL CENTRE?

Regional centres outside the city centre were introduced in 1991 to decentralise economic activities.

Woodlands grew rapidly in the 1990s and was earmarked for extensive development to transform it into a regional centre for the northern part of Singapore in 1997.

The other two such centres are the Jurong Lake District and Tampines Regional Centre. Seletar is slated to be the fourth such centre.


WHAT IS THE REMAKING OUR HEARTLAND SCHEME?

It is a programme by the Housing Board to spruce up the heartland. Woodlands, Toa Payoh and Pasir Ris are towns under the scheme's third batch.

Other areas that have come under this programme include Dawson, Yishun and Punggol in 2007, and Hougang, Jurong Lake and East Coast in 2011.

Woodlands' massive makeover will also cater to residents of neighbouring towns - Marsiling, Sembawang and Yishun.


WHEN WILL WOODLANDS' TRANSFORMATION START?

Most of the plans will likely be implemented within the next five to 10 years.

The actual implementation timeframe for each proposal will differ from site to site.


HOW MUCH WILL THE WOODLANDS' MAKEOVER COST?

The HDB said it is still seeking residents' feedback on the plans for the town through its public exhibition, and costs have not been finalised at this point.


HOW MANY HDB FLATS ARE THERE IN WOODLANDS TODAY?

There are about 242,600 residents who live in HDB flats in Woodlands. The HDB currently manages 63,779 dwelling units, and the projected ultimate number of flats is expected to swell to 98,000.




Remembering Othman Wok: 1924-2017

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Othman Wok, member of independent Singapore's first Cabinet, dies aged 92
State-assisted funeral today for pioneer minister Othman Wok
By Danson Cheong, The Straits Times, 18 Apr 2017

Mr Othman Wok, a pioneer generation minister who helped lay the foundation for a multiracial Singapore, died peacefully at the Singapore General Hospital at 12.21pm yesterday. He was 92.

Mr Othman was one of the 10 Singapore signatories of the 1965 Separation Agreement and a key member of founding prime minister Lee Kuan Yew's Cabinet.

"He supported Mr Lee in the fight for a multiracial and multi-religious Singapore, and became one of Mr Lee's closest comrades," the Prime Minister's Office said in a statement. "The Prime Minister and his Cabinet colleagues are sad to learn of the passing of Mr Othman Wok and wish to convey their deepest condolences to his family."

Yesterday, Singapore's political leaders lauded Mr Othman as a champion for multiracialism, and a patron of sport and social services. He was Singapore's first minister for social affairs from 1963 to 1977, and concurrently held the culture portfolio from 1965 to 1968. He was ambassador to Indonesia from 1977 till 1981. He returned to Singapore and retired from politics that year.



In a Facebook post yesterday, President Tony Tan Keng Yam said Mr Othman made many significant contributions to Singapore. "His passion and commitment in helping others, and his impartiality and integrity in serving one and all, are traits that we remember and admire in him," Dr Tan said, adding that he and his wife Mary have lost a dear friend.

Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong hailed him as a "a courageous champion of a multiracial, multi-religious, and meritocratic Singapore".

"During Singapore's turbulent years in Malaysia, Encik Othman came under great pressure, and even threats on his life, for his convictions. But he stood firm, and that made all the difference to Singapore," he said in a Facebook post.



Communications and Information Minister Yaacob Ibrahim added that while Mr Othman made great contributions to the Malay-Muslim community, he had also urged Singaporeans to "make the effort to strengthen cross-cultural understanding, practise mutual respect, and come together as one united people".

Mr Othman was "keenly aware that race and religion could become major fault lines and conflicts could arise out of suspicion, misunderstanding and prejudice", Dr Yaacob said in a Facebook post.

A state-assisted funeral will be held for Mr Othman today, after a prayer session for him at the Sultan Mosque. In the highest honour accorded to a deceased Singaporean, a state flag will be draped over the casket, with the crescent and stars lying over the head and close to the heart of Mr Othman.

A ceremonial gun carriage will then carry his body to Choa Chu Kang Muslim Cemetery where he will be buried. A memorial service will be held tomorrow at the Victoria Concert Hall for invited guests.

Family members said that Mr Othman had been in ill health for some time. He was hospitalised for a lung infection on April 6.

His daughter Lily Othman, 60, said the family remembers him as a "kind, compassionate and loving father... He always told us that no matter what you must always be humble. It doesn't matter if you are the president's daughter or the king's daughter, humility should be your middle name".

Mr Othman leaves behind his wife Lina, four daughters, a step-daughter, seven grandchildren, three stepgrandchildren, and two great-grandchildren.

Additional reporting by Toh Yong Chuan and Zhaki Abdullah






















A champion of multi-culturalism
Othman Wok never wavered in his belief that only a nation that respected all its races would work
By Cheong Suk-Wai, Senior Writer, The Straits Times, 18 Apr 2017

When pioneer generation minister Othman Wok was a boy, it was his nightly duty to soothe his maternal grandfather's sore muscles by stepping all over the latter's back.

As young Othman worked on him, the old man would regale his grandson with stories of his own father's derring-do, such as when the latter fended off a tiger in a thicket near Serangoon with just a parang.

Mr Othman's great-grandfather, whom he named only as Awang, had been hurt so badly that a village healer had to dress his wounds and pray over him. He recovered.

Mr Othman never faced a wild animal himself, but he saw plenty of blood being spilt in Singapore's worst race riots on July 21, 1964.

He also suffered many an assassination on his character in his 18 years in politics, standing up for a multiracial Singapore, where he was denounced by Malay supremacists as an "infidel" and "traitor to the Malay race".

He never wavered.

He was threatened repeatedly as an election candidate for the multiracial People's Action Party (PAP) instead of the United Malays National Organisation (Umno).

The death threats intensified in the fractious months leading to Singapore leaving Malaysia and becoming an independent nation in August 1965.

One such missive was from an anonymous Malay letter-writer using the nom de plume Anak Singapura in early July 1964: "At this time you are a traitor to the community and religion… If you persist in doing this to the Malays, we dare to sharpen the long parang that you've been asking for."

That same month, Umno leader Syed Jaafar Albar said in a July 12 speech in Pasir Panjang to thousands of Malays: "If there is unity, no force in this world can trample us down, no force can humiliate us, no force can belittle us... not one Lee Kuan Yew, a thousand Lee Kuan Yews… we finish them off… kill him, kill him. Othman Wok and Lee Kuan Yew." Mr Syed Jaafar's words were, ironically, published in Utusan, the newspaper at which Mr Othman had worked as a journalist for 17 years.



Pasir Panjang was Mr Othman's constituency, which he won in a general election in September 1963.

He quit journalism shortly after, when Mr Lee appointed him minister for social affairs, making him the only Malay in the Cabinet then. He was, however, not Singapore's first Malay Cabinet minister, as the late Ahmad Ibrahim had been minister for health, and then labour, between 1959 and 1962.

Nine days after Mr Syed Jaafar's invective, at around 4.30pm on July 21, 1964, Singapore's worst racial riots erupted. Mr Othman was then leading a PAP contingent in a procession from the Padang to Lorong 12, Geylang, to celebrate the Prophet Muhammad's birthday.

When Chinese and Malays began hurling bottles at one another and punching policemen, Mr Othman led his group to safety in the old Kallang Airport building - and called his comrades in Cabinet to impose a curfew. A total of 23 people were killed and 454 injured.

A week later, a former Utusan colleague admitted to him that he had known the riots would break out - a good two hours before they happened. In Mr Othman's 2000 biography Never In My Wildest Dreams, he recalled his colleague telling him: "We knew beforehand. We have our sources, you know."

Mr Othman mused later in Men In White, the 2010 book on the history of the PAP: "I believe the riot was planned; it did not start spontaneously. They were very smart to choose a religious procession so that if we had stopped it, we would be called anti-Muslim. The inflammatory communal and racial speeches made by Malaysian Umno leaders worked up Malay sentiments in Singapore."

In the aftermath of the riots, Mr Lee relied heavily on Mr Othman, his old unionist friend whom he found "capable, dedicated and with integrity", to defuse tensions among Singapore's various races.

MAKING A DIFFERENCE

Mr Othman had met Mr Lee in 1952, in the office of his Utusan colleague Samad Ismail, who was then Mr Lee's confidant. "I found him to be a very friendly man, but very stern. He readily listens to what you say, but you must have substance," recalled Mr Othman of Mr Lee, who was then Utusan's legal adviser, in his 2000 biography.

In later years, Mr Lee got the workaholic journalist, who focused so much on landing scoops that he often forgot to cut his hair, to translate his speeches into Malay, edit PAP's news magazine Petir and help at its Malay Affairs Bureau.

At a flood-lit Padang past midnight on June 3, 1959, right after colonial governor William Goode declared Singapore self-governing, it was Mr Othman whom Mr Lee entrusted to make the new government's first official speech, which was in Malay, followed by speakers in Mandarin, Tamil and English.

Mr Othman's signature is among the 10 from PAP ministers on the Independence of Singapore Agreement 1965. In Men In White, he recalled: "PM called me into a room and asked me if I was prepared to sign the Separation declaration."

The query stemmed from two concerns. First, some among Mr Lee's colleagues, including Dr Toh Chin Chye and Mr S. Rajaratnam, were furious about having to separate when they had worked so hard to achieve merger with Malaysia on Sept 16, 1963.

Second, and perhaps most significantly, separation meant that, overnight, the Malay-Muslim community would go from being a majority to a minority on Aug 9, 1965. Singapore's Malays had then also begun to clamour for special privileges on a par with Malaysia's bumiputeras.

Malaysian Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman was offering Singapore's Malays land in Johor as well.

Mr Othman told Mr Lee that he would sign the 1965 agreement without hesitation.

To Mr Lee, his old friend's long unshakeable belief in a multi-racial Singapore mattered a great deal.

It was thanks to Mr Othman's charismatic leadership and solid support for PAP's incorruptibility and its vision of a better life for all Singaporeans, that no Malay PAP member joined Barisan or Umno.

A tearful Mr Lee recalled that at his 75th birthday dinner in 1998, and paid tribute to Mr Othman: "Because of the courage and leadership you showed, not a single PAP leader wavered. That made a difference to Singapore."

Mr Othman was initially keener on remaining a journalist than becoming a politician. Modest to a fault, he shunned the spotlight but, throughout his life, was often thrust into it. When, for instance, he received no acknowledgement for his application to be a PAP member in 1954, the year it was inaugurated, he shrugged it off. It was only in 1958, when Mr Lee got him to chair PAP's Geylang Serai-Changi branch, that he realised his application had been accepted.

Up till then, he was, in his words, "politically apathetic", even when, as the secretary of the Singapore Printing Employees' Union from 1952, he fought for higher wages and better working conditions for workers of all races.

REGARDLESS OF RACE, LANGUAGE OR RELIGION

Through it all, Mr Othman never wavered in his belief that only a nation that respected all its races would work. He abjured extremism of any kind, having watched the Hock Lee bus rioters in May 1955 had their flesh torn by granite chips churned up by high-pressure water jets aimed at them.

In 1958, he recoiled when he visited kampungs in Changi full of children sporting red scarves and singing songs lustily in praise of communism.

Mr Othman, who had four daughters from two marriages, was born into a family of orang laut, who were the original settlers of Singapore. "When Raffles landed in Singapore," he told The New Paper in 2000, "some of my relatives were standing there on the beach. We were here before this place was discovered by the British... That's why when I talk to young people about the history of our country, it really means something to me."

His orang laut blood, he once said half in jest, gave him strong sea legs, but no stomach for air travel, which he had to do a lot of as minister for social affairs from 1963 to 1977, and then as Singapore's ambassador to Indonesia from 1977 till his retirement from politics in 1981.

As the social affairs minister, it fell to him to sell government policies the Malays, especially, found hard to take.

When Malay businessmen asked the Government for financial support, Mr Lee responded that giving them such help would be like only giving them fish. Better, the prime minister said, for them to learn how to fish.

So, on Mr Othman's advice, the Government gave all Malays free primary-to-tertiary education - one of many initiatives to help the community. In 1990, this policy no longer applied to those in university.

When kampungs had to make way for public housing in Singapore, a Kuala Lumpur-based editor of Mr Othman's former employer, Utusan, demanded: "Do you expect Malays to live in flats? Where would they put their goats and chickens?"

Mr Othman replied that they would, with the Government's help, have to adapt to urban society.

A genial, patient man who was slow to anger and quick to mend fences, he was, in his own words, "good with people". That came from experiences that few of his fellow Malays had.

In 1949, the year he married his first wife Daliah "Cik Dah" Mohd Noor, he was often in the jungles of Pahang, covering the guerrilla war between the Malayan Communist Party and the British colonial power, as Utusan Melayu's war correspondent. Fortunately, he never had to stare into the jaws of tigers, unlike what had befallen his great-grandfather.

Once, in the Chinese squatter village of Triang in Pahang, he was embedded in a platoon of an RAF regiment, and watched as some of its soldiers fired indiscriminately, even at women and babies. "Throughout the operation, no communist appeared. It was all a mistake and innocent people paid for it." Enraged, he wanted to report on the killings but was warned by the troops' commander against doing so, he said in his 2000 biography.

Cik Dah bore him three daughters: Saffiah in 1950, Dahlia in 1951 and Lily in 1956. He had another daughter, Diana, in 1981 with his second wife Lina Abdullah, now 70.

Mr Othman is survived by his wife Lina, daughters, a stepdaughter, seven grandchildren, two great-grandsons and three stepgrandchildren.



His knack for getting along with everyone was evident in London, where he was on scholarship to study journalism for a year, weathering the chill in leather gloves that were a gift from Mr Yusof Ishak, his boss at Utusan who was the founder, editor-in-chief and managing director of the newspaper.

In London, he got on famously with a disparate group surrounding him, from his Polish landlady to Kuala Lumpur-born roommate Thor Beng Chong and housemate Lynden Pindling, who would later become prime minister of the Bahamas.

In June 1959, after the PAP won the right to govern Singapore, he was the friend whom Mr Lee asked about the suitability of Mr Yusof as head of state. In 1985, he was the first person his old friend Wee Kim Wee called to ask if he should accept Mr Lee's offer to be Singapore's fourth president.

As chief reporter of Utusan between 1946 and 1963, Mr Othman was the reporter to whom the Dalai Lama and Malayan Communist Party leaders Fang "The Plen" Chuang Pi and Lim Ah Leong readily gave exclusive interviews.

It helped that he was urbane and had the look of a matinee idol. When he first campaigned in 1959 to represent PAP in Kampong Kembangan, an Umno stronghold in Singapore, he and Cik Dah trudged through a sea of scowls. So he was surprised he lost to Umno stalwart Ali Alwi by just 200 votes.

Umno's man in Singapore then, Mr Khir Johari, mused afterwards in an interview cited in Men In White that Umno assemblymen had, unlike Mr Othman, "neglected to visit the kampungs, talk to the people and find out what their needs were".

Mr Othman, whose memory was sharp till the end, recalled in his 2000 biography: "At the post-election meeting at the Hokkien Community Hall, I met Lee Kuan Yew and I said I was sorry I lost. He told me not to worry because he knew that if he had not put me there, we would have lost by more votes."

As the Men In White authors Sonny Yap, Richard Lim and Leong Weng Kam noted: "Othman Wok lived through it all, as a minister in Lee's Cabinet, during the struggle with the communists, the Merger, the race riots and the trauma of Separation."

Mr Othman told them: "Those were the toughest times. Without Lee, we could have collapsed under all those pressures, particularly with the problems under Malaysia."

He was modest about his own contributions; without him, too, Singapore might not be what it is today.

As Associate Professor Syed Muhd Khairudin Aljunied, who has studied Singapore's Malay intelligentsia, says: "Othman was Singaporean first and Malay second. And he never forgot his roots as a Muslim."

Long after his retirement from public life, young and old would tap Mr Othman's experiences as a Singaporean. He was enlisted to speak about his lessons for the future and, perhaps most importantly, at dialogues on Racial Harmony Day every July 21 - the very same date that Singapore's worst race riots erupted all those years ago.



































Pioneer minister laid foundations for sport and social services
By Danson Cheong, The Straits Times, 18 Apr 2017

As a Cabinet minister, Mr Othman Wok helped build Singapore's first National Stadium, promoted the Singapore Grand Prix long before Formula One races came to the Republic's shores, and laid the foundations for the social service sector.

He had also put in place measures that continue to uplift the Malay community today.

Yesterday, ministers, Malay-Muslim organisations and the labour movement paid tribute to him for his contributions to Singapore.

Mr Othman, who was the Minister for Social Affairs in independent Singapore's first Cabinet, died yesterday, aged 92.



During his 18-year political career, he held not only the social affairs, but also the culture portfolio.

It was in this capacity that he oversaw the building of the National Stadium, Singapore's first large-scale sporting arena.

Recounting this, Minister for Culture, Community and Youth Grace Fu said on Facebook: "While Singapore was focused on economic development at the time, Mr Othman was keenly aware that cultural development was just as important."

Besides sports, Mr Othman had also pushed for the development of social services, and he had been "instrumental" in shaping the foundations of the sector, said Minister for Social and Family Development Tan Chuan-Jin. He added that Mr Othman tackled the "challenge of stretching the limited welfare fund to help Singaporeans in need" in the country's early days of independence.

Mr Othman championed the training of social workers and volunteers, and also initiated the predecessor of the National Council of Social Service - helping to create a more effective social service ecosystem, said Mr Tan's ministry in a statement.

The National Trades Union Congress (NTUC) also paid tribute to Mr Othman yesterday for his "unwavering determination and dedication" to the labour movement. A former journalist, he had served as secretary of the Singapore Printing Employees' Union, where he "played a central role in fighting for higher wages and better working conditions", noted NTUC in a letter signed by its secretary-general Chan Chun Sing and president Mary Liew.

Others remembered Mr Othman for his contributions to the Malay-Muslim community.

Minister for Communications and Information Yaacob Ibrahim, who is also the Minister-in-charge of Muslim Affairs, said Mr Othman "laid the strong foundations for the administration of Muslim affairs that the community enjoys today".

Mr Othman had introduced the Administration of the Muslim Law Bill, which paved the way for the formation of three key Muslim statutory institutions - the Islamic Religious Council of Singapore (MUIS), Registry of Muslim Marriages and Syariah Court. In a statement, MUIS called this his "greatest legacy".

Ms Rahayu Buang, chief executive of self-help group Yayasan Mendaki, said the successes of the Malay-Muslim community would not have been possible without the work of pioneers such as him.

Those who knew Mr Othman and worked with him also remembered him as a kind and humble man.

High Commissioner to Sri Lanka Chandra Das, who was a People's Action Party MP, said in an e-mailed statement: "He was a warm and friendly person always with a smile, especially for younger MPs like me."

Former MP Abbas Abu Amin, who succeeded Mr Othman as MP for Pasir Panjang in 1980, said at his wake yesterday: "He was very down to earth."


































A dedicated politician and devoted family man
By Joanna Seow, Zhaki Abdullah and Toh Yong Chuan, Manpower Correspondent, The Straits Times, 18 Apr 2017

On Sunday night, pioneer Cabinet minister Othman Wok's daughter Lily was persuading him to turn off the television and go to sleep.

It was 11.30pm and they were at Singapore General Hospital, where Mr Othman had been warded since April 6 for a chest infection and stomach complications.

Madam Lily, 60, said she usually performs the night duty in caring for her father.

"I will read some prayers for him and pat him to sleep before I go off," she said, as she recounted his final hours to reporters yesterday.

She said her father finally went to sleep at 11.45pm, and seemed fine at midnight, although his breathing was laboured.

In the morning, doctors called the family at around 8.40am and said Mr Othman might not survive much longer.

He was placed on a ventilator and breathed his last at 12.21pm.

"We tried our best to take care of him to the best of our ability, but I think God knows better and, you know, we are quite happy to let him go. He passed away... peacefully, so we are happy with that," Madam Lily told reporters outside the family home where the wake is being held. The home is in Kew Avenue in Bedok.



Madam Lily, a housewife and Mr Othman's youngest daughter with his late first wife Daliah "Cik Dah" Mohamad Noor, described him as a kind and loving father who was also devoted to his work as MP for Pasir Panjang constituency from 1963 to 1981.

"We know that we are more or less like his second family compared to his political work. We totally got it and we appreciated that as well," she said with a laugh.

But he always made time for the family, especially when he returned from his overseas trips as Singapore's first minister for social affairs, a post he held from 1963 to 1977.

"Whenever he (came) back from his travels, he (spent) at least one night with us, sharing his overseas stories, souvenirs," she said.

One lesson he often drummed into them was the importance of racial harmony as he lived through the 1964 race riots. He also emphasised humility, she said.

"You could be the president's daughter or the king's daughter, but humility should be your middle name," she recalled him saying.

In his later years, he watched movies regularly with Diana, 36, his only child with his second wife Lina Abdullah.

Ms Diana, who works at the Esplanade, posted on her Facebook page last year: "My dad used to travel a lot for work. We have always been very close so I got so mad at him for frequently setting off and when he's home, he always seemed too busy for me."

But looking through old family photo albums, she found that he had taken many photos of her and her mother.

"I realise that in spite of his mad schedule, he was and always is in fact completely present."

Mr Othman had been in and out of hospital since last November, and his last message to his children was to live peacefully with each other and maintain good relationships with one another, said Madam Lily.

Her husband Munir Shah, 64, a management consultant who described his father-in-law as kind and compassionate, said: "He had a good run... All of us were well prepared for this eventuality."

Yesterday, President Tony Tan Keng Yam, Mufti Fatris Bakaram and the widow of Singapore's first President Yusof Ishak, Puan Noor Aishah, were among many who paid their last respects.

Politicians past and present also went to the wake, including Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong and his wife, deputy prime ministers Tharman Shanmugaratnam and Teo Chee Hean and Minister-in-charge of Muslim Affairs Yaacob Ibrahim.

The public can pay their respects at Mr Othman's home at 46, Kew Avenue today from 6.30am till 11am. The family would like to grieve in private for the last hour before the cortege leaves for the mosque at noon.

Additional reporting by Cheong Suk-Wai
















Excerpt from PM Lee Hsien Loong's letter to Mr Othman's widow, Lina Abdullah
The Straits Times, 18 Apr 2017

"Encik Othman was steadfast and unwavering in believing in a multiracial, multi-religious, meritocratic Singapore.

His dedication and courage was most clearly shown during Singapore's turbulent years in the 1960s, when Singapore was part of Malaysia, and then separated from Malaysia to become an independent republic. In a vicious fight against the communalists, Encik Othman faced great pressure and threats on his life for joining the PAP.

If he had faltered, history might have taken a different course. But he stood resolutely by his convictions, and that made all the difference for Singapore.

His firm belief that one could build a multiracial, multireligious society, based on justice and equality, helped keep the dream alive through those dark days when Singapore was not the master of our destiny.

After Separation, Encik Othman's conviction gave heart to Malay Singaporeans, and made it possible for us to remain a multiracial society.

The Singapore we know today could not have existed without Encik Othman and others of our founding generation.

Mr Lee (Kuan Yew) remembered the staunch support that Encik Othman had shown, and the great debt that he owed Encik Othman for his loyalty and service to Singapore, when he (Mr Lee) spoke on the occasion of his 75th birthday...

Singaporeans will always remember Encik Othman as one of our founding fathers, whose courage and passion helped set Singapore on a path of peace and progress.

His passing is a deep loss to the nation."
















'Singapore would be a very different place without him'
He gave all S'poreans the confidence that multiracialism could work: DPM Tharman
By Rachel Au-Yong and Zhaki Abdullah and Toh Yong Chuan, Manpower Correspondent, The Straits Times, 18 Apr 2017

Without the late founding father Othman Wok, Singapore would be a vastly different country, Deputy Prime Minister Tharman Shanmugaratnam said yesterday.

"His guts, the courage he gave the Malay community and the confidence in multiracialism that he gave all Singaporeans, the confidence that we could make it work - that's what we are in debt to him for," he told reporters at Mr Othman's wake in his Bedok home.



Amid racial tensions, Mr Othman "rose to the occasion, decided that his belief in unity was worth fighting for, and hitched his wagon to Mr Lee Kuan Yew and Singapore became what it is."

"So we're grateful to him for making that difference and making this country," Mr Tharman said.

Mr Othman, who held portfolios in social affairs and culture, died at Singapore General Hospital yesterday at 12.21pm. He was 92.

Minister-in-charge of Muslim Affairs Yaacob Ibrahim had also lauded Mr Othman as a multiracial icon who united people of different racial and religious backgrounds during the political upheavals of Singapore's early days.

The pioneer Cabinet minister had seen through "some of the extremist forces that were at play at that time, and realised that a better future lay for Singapore in a society where we respect one another", he said.



"He fought for what he believed was right, not only for the Malays in Singapore but (also) the whole of Singapore," said Dr Yaacob, who is also the Minister for Communications and Information.

This was a "courageous act" because Mr Othman was "going against very, very strong forces, which we saw in the extremist Malay nationalists", he added.

Dr Yaacob also said that Mr Othman had laid the foundation for a "modern and progressive Malay-Muslim community".

He helped to develop the Administration of Muslim Law Act, laws passed in 1966 to enhance the administration of Islamic law in the Singapore legal system.

This, in turn, helped to create the Islamic Religious Council of Singapore (MUIS) which, with the Syariah Court, are key institutions today that let Muslims in Singapore "lead a vibrant socio-religious life", said Dr Yaacob.

On a personal note, Dr Yaacob said he remembered Mr Othman best for the way he balanced his dual roles as a community leader and a national leader.

"In both roles, he brought to bear the ethos that has been associated with him and the founding generation: That of respect for multiracialism, respect for meritocracy, and respect for a society in which every community in Singapore has a space to thrive," he said.

Former senior minister of state Zainul Abidin Rasheed told The Straits Times that Mr Othman's position as a top Malay politician against the backdrop of heated race politics was "all the more poignant".

Mr Zainul, who is helping to coordinate funeral arrangements between the Government and the late leader's family, said Mr Othman, like the late president Yusof Ishak, had always been clear about working towards multi-culturalism for Singapore. "Even when Mr Othman was a journalist, he understood the challenges of the community, and he wanted to help it understand what Singapore was trying to achieve," he said.

Deputy Prime Minister Teo Chee Hean, who attended the wake later at night, said on Facebook that Mr Othman "stood up for an independent multiracial Singapore and helped lay the foundations for the peaceful and harmonious Singapore of today".

He added: "His unwavering commitment and loyalty to Singapore and the principles we stand for are an inspiration to all of us."






















MAN OF INTEGRITY

He was among the first Malay leaders of the PAP. He contributed significantly to the PAP's multiracial platform. We worked closely in the early years of the PAP. I was the party's organising secretary and Othman, who was then a journalist with Utusan Melayu, was our unofficial Malay translator. I would see him whenever we needed Malay translations for Petir and other publications. Othman always obliged.

I will always remember Othman to be a man of integrity and with absolute loyalty to the PAP and Mr Lee Kuan Yew.

He was also a man of high EQ, who always had kind words for his Cabinet colleagues, his grassroots workers and friends, and the man in the street.

MR ONG PANG BOON, one of two remaining members of independent Singapore's first Cabinet. The other is Mr Jek Yeun Thong.












Gun carriage carrying casket draped with state flag will pass heartland areas
By Tham Yuen-C, Assistant Political Editor, The Straits Times, 18 Apr 2017

A state-assisted funeral will be held for the late Mr Othman Wok today, with a gun carriage carrying the casket draped with the state flag through heartland areas.

Members of the public can pay their respects at his home at 46, Kew Avenue from 6.30am to 11am.

At 12.15pm, a private hearse will bear Mr Othman's casket from his home to the Sultan Mosque at North Bridge Road for the funeral prayer. Kandahar Street, Muscat Street and a stretch of Sultan Gate will be closed from 7am to 3pm because of the prayer session.

After the prayer, the state flag will be draped over the casket in the presence of Mr Othman's family.

The draping of the state flag is the highest state honour that can be accorded to a deceased.



His casket will then be placed on a gun carriage, which will leave at 2pm for Choa Chu Kang Muslim Cemetery.

The carriage will travel along North Bridge Road, North Boat Quay and River Valley Road, through Alexandra Road, Commonwealth Avenue, Commonwealth Avenue West and Clementi Avenue 6, before entering the Pan-Island Expressway and Jalan Bahar.

The authorities said traffic is expected to be heavy along these roads from 2pm to 3pm.

At the burial site, a coffin bearer party made up of nine officers from the army, navy, air force and police force will receive the casket.

A memorial service for Mr Othman, organised by OnePeople.sg for invited guests, will be held at the Victoria Concert Hall tomorrow at 6.30pm.

















Singapore on Criminal Minds Beyond Borders is Beyond Stupid

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Criminal Minds: Beyond Borders depiction of Singapore slammed as inaccurate, misleading
By Lydia Lam, The Straits Times, 18 Apr 2017

American television series Criminal Minds: Beyond Borders has drawn flak for its inaccurate and "stereotypical" portrayal of Singapore, after an episode set here was aired on April 12.

In the episode, titled Cinderella And The Dragon (S02E06), a group of investigators are on a case of two American flight attendants who have gone missing in Singapore.



In one scene, the characters discuss Geylang. Special Agent Clare Seger, played by American actress Alana de la Garza, says Geylang is "the dark side of paradise".

In her spiel, she says: "Officially it's known as the red-light district, but more accurately it's an overcrowded slum with a thriving underworld. In a country as affluent and educated as Singapore, employers have a hard time finding unskilled workers to do manual labour, so they get migrant workers from other countries to come do the menial jobs, but then that leaves the Ministry of Manpower with nowhere to put them, so a lot of times as a result they end up in government dormitories in Geylang."



Other inaccurate bits include a reference to Singapore Police Force as "Singapore PD".

"The country experiences fewer than 10 murders a year," one officer quips in the show.

"To keep crime low, Singapore's justice system is intentionally swift and severe," says Seger. "There's no such thing as trial by jury. Judges have been known to pass harsh sentences for foreigners who commit crimes."

"Isn't Singapore where that kid was caned for being drunk in public?" Mae Jarvis, played by actress Annie Funke, asks.

"Yeah. In 1993, an American college student was convicted of public intoxication and vandalism. He maintains to this day that he was coerced by Singapore Police into a false confession," answers her colleague.

This appears to reference the 1994 Michael P Fay caning, where the 18-year-old was sentenced to six strokes of the cane for theft and vandalism.



An article by "geek" community news site geekculture.co on Sunday (April 16) listed 20 mistakes in the episode.

The "misrepresentation" of Singapore irked netizens on various social media platforms, who pooh-poohed the episode for spreading misconceptions.

Wrote Facebook user Shahara Nordin Rogers on Criminal Minds: Beyond Borders'Facebook page: "Their depiction of Geylang is off. The red light district is definitely there but that area is not a slum for sure."

Jamie Tham added: "This whole episode has put Singapore in such bad light... Whoever is the writer of this episode needs to get the facts right."

She pointed out several flaws, including the wrong portrayals of Changi Airport and Singapore Police, along with the presence of roadside hawkers.

Dolly Oei wrote: "I cringed so much at the Asian stereotyping in the Singapore episode. Who does the research on this show? They need to be fired! It was just bad bad bad... You can't even get the accent right. No wonder so many people have been complaining about inaccuracies when their country was featured. You all want to know the REAL Singapore, come visit."


































Woodlands Health Campus will add 1,800 beds and use technology for better patient care

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Hospital campus of the future to rise in Woodlands
Driven by tech, facilities will be designed to complement one another from the start
By Salma Khalik, Senior Health Correspondent, The Straits Times, 19 Apr 2017

Woodlands is raising the bar for healthcare by getting Singapore's first hospital complex with facilities designed from the outset to complement one another. It will also be driven by technology that enables fewer staff to care for patients.

The 1,800-bed Woodlands Health Campus (WHC), which expects to see its first patient in 2022, will have an acute hospital and a community hospital sharing the same building from the start. It will also house a nursing home and specialist clinics.

Health Minister Gan Kim Yong told The Straits Times that the WHC would be the first hospital complex in which acute and community care services have been conceptualised together and are being built at the same time.

"We will have seamless integration from hospital to community hospital to nursing home, so if you are in the nursing home and need acute care, it's very near," he said.

Set on a plot of land the size of 11 football fields, the various institutes will also share common facilities such as gardens and rehabilitation centres, as well as services like laundry and cooking.

At the ground-breaking ceremony yesterday, Mr Gan said the WHC has to be "future ready" to meet the growing demands of an ageing population, while overcoming manpower constraints.

The WHC will use new technology to reduce manual work and tap data analytics and artificial intelligence to improve patient care.

The campus plans to provide every patient with a device akin to a watch on admission, to monitor vital signs, activity and location.

Nurses would know the moment a patient's blood pressure rises by too much, or be able to locate a dementia patient. They could also keep tabs on a patient's condition via teleconferencing after he returns home.

In that sense, Mr Gan said, hospitals of the future would be like air traffic control towers "from which the healthcare team monitors its patients whether they are in the hospital or at home".

Dr Jason Cheah, head of the planning committee and chief executive of the Agency for Integrated Care, said the campus will serve patients with care needs ranging from the urgent stage, to recovery or end of life.

"Unlike in the past, our future patients will require longer and deeper relationships to be established with care providers," he said.

The plan is to offer patients better alternatives to hospitalisation, Dr Cheah added.

The WHC will work with doctors and community providers and partners. It will also use technology such as telehealth and video conferencing to provide care for patients outside of the hospital and encourage them to self-monitor and manage their conditions.



On the recent announcement of plans to add as many as 10,000 new homes in the area, Mr Gan said that the WHC is well placed to support the growth of Woodlands as a regional centre.

Several MPs from the area were at the ceremony, including Coordinating Minister for Infrastructure and Minister for Transport Khaw Boon Wan and Speaker of Parliament Halimah Yacob.















New health campus to harness power of nature, technology
By Linette Lai, The Straits Times, 19 Apr 2017

In the hospital of the future, patients might call for nurses using their smart wristbands, before heading outdoors for a stroll in a forested park.

These are some of the features envisioned for the new Woodlands Health Campus, where a combination of technology and nature promises to change the face of healthcare in Singapore.

For starters, said Health Minister Gan Kim Yong yesterday, grunt work like filling in medical information can be left to the machines.

"Manual work... can be automated, allowing healthcare professionals to focus on their clinical and direct patient care roles," he said.

On top of that, the new campus will use data analytics and artificial intelligence to sift through the vast amounts of information generated each day, helping staff to make better decisions and fewer errors.

The 7.66ha campus, located near the upcoming Woodlands South MRT station and slated to open in phases from 2022, held its ground- breaking ceremony yesterday.

When completed, it will have both acute and community hospitals, as well as specialist outpatient clinics and a facility for patients requiring long-term care.

Dr Jason Cheah, who is the chairman of the pro-tem planning committee for the campus, said that telehealth will play a big role in making hospital visits more convenient for patients.

"Instead of waiting to enter the hospital and then filling up forms and answering questions, I could do it online - in the comfort of my own home," he said.

"Hopefully, the wait will be a lot less as only the things that doctors and nurses need to do physically for the patient will be done on site."

Patients could also get electronic wristbands that remind them of upcoming medical appointments and track their vital signs, even when they are at home.

Adjacent to the new campus will be a 1.5ha Healing Forest Garden designed by the National Parks Board. It will have community gardening plots, open spaces for people to exercise and quiet areas for those who simply wish to sit back and enjoy nature.

The campus will also feature several smaller therapeutic gardens, where the landscaping and plants are specially designed to suit different patients' needs.

For example, the "dementia garden" at the long-term care facility will have scented plants with varied textures to stimulate a person's senses.

Other gardens could be planted with trees and shrubs that attract wildlife, or have plants in soothing colours such as blue and purple.








Woodleigh MRT security incident: Local running group Seletar Hash House Harriers apologises for causing security scare

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Running group apologises for MRT station scare
Members had used flour to mark trail through Woodleigh station as it was 'safest route'
By Ng Huiwen, The Straits Times, 20 Apr 2017

Running group Seletar Hash House Harriers yesterday apologised for the alarm and inconvenience it caused when three of its members used flour to mark a running route through Woodleigh MRT station.

Their actions set off a security scare and the station was closed for three hours on Tuesday.

The group, in a statement, said three of its members were marking a trail for its Tuesday evening run from Bidadari to Woodleigh Close.

The trio, who chose a route that ran through the station, left a little flour at three to four points in the MRT station to mark out the trail, as "this provided the safest route to cross Upper Serangoon Road".

One of its members, a 69-year-old man, was later arrested for causing public alarm. He is believed to be out on bail. The other two members, aged 53 and 70, are helping the police with investigations.

The station was closed after SBS Transit staff found a suspicious white substance and alerted the police. The Singapore Civil Defence Force's hazardous materials team was also deployed.

"In retrospect, they should not have placed any markings in the station, and instead, should have used directional signs outside the station," the statement said.

It added that the three members "stepped forward immediately to identify themselves and have cooperated fully with the authorities", after learning of the security scare.

"They are sorry that their actions caused public alarm and inconvenience," it said, noting that the incident emphasised the seriousness of the security threat in Singapore.

The group was set up in 1980 and now has around 100 members.

The members of the running group were following guidelines used around the world in marking a hash run, which is a mix of cross-country running and a treasure hunt. Flour or chalk is used to mark trails as they are organic, non-polluting substances that can be washed away easily, the statement said. In nature reserves and parks, only paper can be used but it must be cleared within 24 hours.

There are currently about nine registered hash running groups in Singapore, which is said to be home to the second-oldest hash movement in the world after Malaysia.

Runs are held almost every day of the week and members gather for food and drinks after the run.

Mr Ken Ong, who heads Hash House Harriers Singapore, said hash running started as "an underground sort of activity and attracted mainly colonial Englishmen through word of mouth".

Since then, it has expanded to include women-only and children's groups, as well as one involving dogs and their owners.

Mr Ong, whose group was founded in 1962 and is the oldest in the country, said hash running groups here will have to rethink using flour markings after Tuesday's incident. They may even decide to avoid places like MRT stations, major roads, shopping malls and pedestrian walkways during their runs.

Mr Charles Corrigan, a Singapore Sunday Hash House Harriers committee member, said while his group usually runs in forested areas, they are sometimes forced to run along roads or in public places. "Sometimes, there is just not enough forest left, and we will have to run on the street to connect up," he said.

His group, which organises runs that take place every fortnight on Sunday evenings, sees about 25 to 40 runners each time. They range from those in their 20s to those in their 60s. He said: "We have run past MRT stations before, without much trouble. It was unfortunate that this happened."




















NParks advises on hash runs
By Lydia Lam, The Straits Times, 21 Apr 2017

The National Parks Board (NParks) said it has been working with Hash House Harriers to reduce the practice of marking out running routes, even before a group left flour at Woodleigh MRT Station on Tuesday and sparked a security scare.

Responding to queries from The Straits Times, Mr Wong Tuan Wah, group director of conservation at NParks, said: "NParks regularly meets Hash House Harriers to advise on the rules regarding 'hash' running in our managed areas."

Hares, or runners who set the trail, mark it out using flour, chalk or toilet paper so that the other runners can pick up the "clues" and follow the route.

One man was arrested and two others are assisting with police investigations after flour left at Woodleigh MRT Station led to the station being closed for more than three hours and police and Singapore Civil Defence force officers being deployed.

In a statement issued on Wednesday, the Seletar Hash House Harriers apologised to the public and the authorities for the alarm and inconvenience caused.

Mr Wong said that chalk and flour are prohibited in NParks-managed areas as these are more "difficult to clean up, might seep into and cause damage to the environment". If consumed, these substances might also have detrimental effects on wildlife, he added.

"Only toilet or tissue paper are allowed to be used as markings, and they must be cleaned up immediately after the event," he said. "If they are not cleaned up, enforcement action could be taken."
















Man arrested for causing alarm at MRT station
69-year-old left flour to mark running trail, forcing 3-hour closure of Woodleigh station
By Seow Bei Yi, The Straits Times, 19 Apr 2017

A 69-year-old man who used flour to mark a trail for a running route was arrested for causing public alarm yesterday, when the substance was found at several spots in Woodleigh MRT station.

The station was closed for around three hours, reopening at 4.20pm, after the authorities ensured the white powder was not dangerous.

Two other men aged 53 and 70, are assisting with investigations. The Straits Times understands that the trio are part of the Seletar Hash House Harriers, a running club set up in 1980, with 82 members on its Facebook page.

In hashing, runners usually set a course by marking out a trail through the jungle, Housing Board estates and even in the city, using white flour, toilet paper or chalk marks. The groups are most common in former British colonies. In 2007, a hash group sparked a bioterrorism scare in the United States when two people sprinkled flour in a carpark for their run.

Yesterday's security incident was the second such occurrence this month. Hougang MRT station was closed for 20 minutes on April 2 after staff found an unattended bag. A 39-year-old man who left it was arrested for causing a public nuisance.

In yesterday's incident, a cleaner found the powder and an SBS Transit station manager alerted the police. The Singapore Civil Defence Force's hazardous materials team was also deployed. The public was advised to avoid the area and free buses operated between Serangoon and Potong Pasir stations.



Experts said that in view of the heightened security threat, the authorities' response was appropriate.

"We do know that train stations are targeted," said Dr Kumar Ramakrishna, head of policy studies and coordinator of the national security studies programme at the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies. "It is due diligence on their part," he said, adding that baking flour could be a reminder of anthrax scares in the past.

Dr Rohan Gunaratna, head of the International Centre for Political Violence and Terrorism Research, said that chemical and biological agents have been used in the past in this region, such as by North Korean agents in Malaysia recently.

"Every security incident should be investigated," he said.

Professor David Chan, director of the Behavioural Sciences Institute at Singapore Management University, said such incidents are likely to occur again and people "should not be complacent nor be afraid to report any suspicious item or behaviour".

While the Woodleigh case caused some confusion among commuters, they said they had confidence in the authorities' ability to deal with such situations. Commuter James Lee, 38, who was at the station when it reopened, said he believes the authorities are prepared to deal with security incidents speedily.



Meanwhile, Potong Pasir MP Sitoh Yih Pin stressed that it had not been an over-reaction to close the station, as Singapore must not take chances in situations like this.








































Singapore and Germany have the most powerful passports in the world: Global Passport Power Rank 2017

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Singaporeans, Germans hold 'world's most powerful passports'
By Chew Hui Min, The Straits Times, 20 Apr 2017

For the first time, Singapore is tied with Germany as the country with the most powerful passport in an international ranking.

Both Singapore and Germany top the Global Passport Power Rank 2017, published by Arton Capital's Passport Index.

Holders of a Singapore passport can now get a visa on arrival in Ukraine for up to 15 days, raising the Republic's score by one to 159, Arton Capital said in a press statement on Tuesday. Singapore was ranked second before this change.

Germany still has the edge for visa-free travel, it said.

Germans can travel to 125 countries without a visa, while holders of a Singapore passport can travel to 122 countries without a visa.

But Singapore beats Germany with a visa-on-arrival score of 37 to 34. The result - a tie.

"Singaporeans can rejoice that their passport offers them first-class global mobility," said Arton Capital. The Passport Index compares the passports of 193 United Nations member countries and six territories.

Singapore was fourth this year in the Visa Restrictions Index, another ranking of travel freedom, which uses a different way of calculating how "powerful" a passport is.

Germany also tops this table, published by Henley & Partners. It has visa-free access to 176 countries out of a possible 218, according to this index.

The Visa Restrictions Index said Singapore passport holders enjoy visa-free access to 173 countries.

In both tables, Singapore is the highest-ranked Asian country.





























A Smart Nation limited only by imagination: Peter Ho

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IPS-Nathan Lectures 2016/17: Lecture II - Governing in the Anthropocene: Risk & Resilience, Imagination & Innovation

Mr Peter Ho's expertise is in futures thinking and, in his second Institute of Policy Studies-SR Nathan lecture on Wednesday, the former head of the Civil Service explores what Singapore can become if its people can imagine and innovate. Below is an edited excerpt of his speech.
The Straits Times, 21 Apr 2017

Singapore has a big ambition to become a Smart Nation.

But what is a Smart Nation?

On one level, it is about the exploitation of technologies in order to make the lives of people better, by giving them convenient and fast access to information and to customised services, including those that we cannot even imagine today. The current state of technology already offers all the ingredients of a Smart Nation.

But on another - I would argue more fundamental - level, being a Smart Nation calls for innovation at the systems level - aggregating technologies and combining them with new operating concepts, policies and plans - to solve national problems, such as the effects of climate change, traffic congestion, an ageing population, or simply to improve service delivery.

But its realisation is the sum of many innovations, big and small. Its ambition should be big, but its implementation is in hundreds and thousands of projects, both large and little.

But on both levels, it is a product of our imagination, and it is limited only by our imagination. Imagine a Smart Nation where there is increased efficiency, convenience and connectivity in and between workplaces and homes. Wearable technology such as hologram devices are used on the go to check and respond to work e-mails. Wi-Fi is available islandwide, eliminating restrictions from fixed data and limited call minutes. In the workplace, robots take over routine administrative tasks like coordinating meetings, conducting research and running daily errands.

At home, robotic helpers do the household chores and prepare meals. They order groceries when food items are low in stock, which are then delivered by drone to the doorstep.

Throughout Singapore, there are healthcare pods deployed islandwide at every housing block. These provide medical diagnosis, dispense medicine and provide simple medical services as well. These make it more convenient for elderly residents, who have mobility problems, and those who do not have the time to visit a clinic.

However, the Government may not be structured to reach this level of imagination and boldness of vision. Some might argue that it is not even its business. Innovation at this level is perhaps better achieved by the private sector, and by individual start-ups with the boldness and the ideas.

Empowerment is key. Too much top-down control will kill the spirit of innovation that is central to a Smart Nation. Instead, the role of the Government should be to facilitate such innovation by funding incentives and arrangements through flexible - rather than restrictive - regulations.

A good example of this approach is the Monetary Authority of Singapore's establishment of a regulatory sandbox last year to allow fintech companies to experiment with products and services in an environment where, if an experiment fails, "it fails safely and cheaply within controlled boundaries, without widespread adverse consequences".



The Government also has a key role in connecting these innovations to their societal environments, by encouraging and organising test-bedding and pilots of Smart Nation technologies in real-life settings, and perhaps even by insuring the risk of some of these experiments.

In Singapore, a precinct - one-north - is now the site of a major pilot for the use of autonomous vehicles - or driverless cars - testing not just the technologies for the cars, but also for the road furniture. Such experiments and trials are essential because the development of these technologies and their applications need to be test-bedded in real environments.

If the pilot is successful, then the programme may be expanded beyond this precinct into the larger national transport system, relieving road congestion and getting people to their destinations faster - and more safely - and, like Car-Free Sunday SG, helping to realise the vision of a car-lite Singapore.

POLITICS AND TRUST

But there is a political challenge to such ambition. There are many misconceptions about the technologies associated with a Smart Nation. One big misconception is that in a 24/7 online world constantly surrounded by innumerable sensors and smart objects all connected to the Internet - the Internet of Things - absolute privacy and absolute security can be achieved.

As smart objects seek to gather more contextual information on behaviour and actions, the ability of smart devices to analyse people's lives and discover their identities will challenge traditional notions of privacy. Such information can clearly be misused and abused, compromising privacy and security.

There is another related issue - a fear, perhaps irrational in some countries and rational in others - that the government will exploit these technologies to intrude into the private lives of citizens, or to create an Orwellian system of mass state surveillance.

To overcome these misconceptions, a mature discussion is needed, not a polemical one. The Government has a central role to play in shaping this discussion. It will have to persuade citizens that the benefits outweigh the risks of exploiting these technologies, and then explain how the risks can be managed.

This is clearly in the realm of politics, and the onus must be on the political leadership to convince the people that such fears are misplaced in Singapore. But this can be achieved only if there is trust between the people and the Government. As I observed earlier, trust in a fast-changing and complex world is a vital asset to good governance.

Change cannot be avoided. Innovation must be continuous because the world does not stand still. Change and its handmaiden - innovation - must be embraced as an imperative of governance. Furthermore, there is no end point. It is a journey without a fixed destination, because the future is an ever-shifting horizon.

But people dislike change - it is human nature. Change requires leadership, because it means leading people out of their comfort zone. Getting them to change is an act of will. The future-fit leader has to persuade his people to believe in the need for change, instil confidence in change and empower his people to change.

Successful leaders of change also make their people brave enough to express their opinions, change their behaviour, take risks and learn from failure. They tolerate mavericks - even if they do not embrace them - because all future-fit organisations need mavericks. They are the ones who are prepared to challenge conventional wisdom and come up with the ideas that can change the rules of the game. Some will argue that leaders should be more tolerant of mavericks.

My response to this is: "Yes, but only up to a point." A maverick is a maverick only if he is fighting the establishment. If he believes enough in his ideas, he ought to have the courage and conviction of his beliefs to push them, even against resistance. If he gives up the moment he runs into some opposition or official rebuff, then in my book, he is not a maverick. I think this is a sound approach. It is essentially a Darwinian process, in which only those who have thought through their ideas and are prepared to stand up and defend them, deserve the chance of a second hearing. Some mavericks will survive.

In today's world of accelerating change - the Anthropocene - we will need to dare to dream and to experiment with things no one else has done before. We must steel ourselves to embark on journeys of discovery, in which the destinations are unknown, and we must be prepared to cope with unexpected outcomes, to experiment, to manage the risk, to fail and then to pick ourselves up and keep going.









8 junior colleges to merge in 2019 due to falling birth rates: MOE

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8 junior colleges among 28 schools to be merged in 2019
By Sandra Davie, Senior Education Correspondent, The Straits Times, 21 Apr 2017

Faced with a shrinking student population, 14 schools will be folded into others by 2019 to keep school sizes feasible. For the first time, this merger exercise will include junior colleges.

Serangoon, Tampines, Innova and Jurong JCs will be absorbed by Anderson, Meridian, Yishun and Pioneer respectively, cutting the number of JCs from 23 to 19.

Seven pairs of primary schools and three pairs of secondary schools will also merge.


For some of the JCs being merged, annual intakes would have dipped to the 200-to-300 range over the next few years, compared to optimal levels of between 700 and 800, the Education Ministry (MOE) explained.


Between 1993 and 2002, births each year fell about 20 per cent from about 49,000 to 39,000. As a knock-on effect, JC intake is now expected to drop by a fifth, going from 16,000 in 2010 to 12,800 in 2019. Said Ms Liew Wei Li, director of schools at MOE: "We have thought through the various options. This is a very difficult decision. We have agonised over it. We find that we have little choice but to merge the JCs, in order that we can provide that kind of opportunities and range of choices for the students to come."




The ministry said that despite the mergers, there will be a place for every student who qualifies for JC admission. All JCs will expand to cater to more students and no teachers will lose their jobs, it added.

The four JCs which will fold into others in 2019 will not take in a fresh cohort of JC1 students next year so that students will not have to move in 2019, while the current cohorts will complete their A-level studies at the same school.

Apart from falling enrolment, schools were picked for merger based on location, to keep a good spread across the country. Hence, two JCs not offering the integrated programme were selected from each region - east, north-east, west and north - to form a merger pair.

MOE said that unless action is taken, some schools might lack the "critical mass" to offer a broader range of educational programmes and co-curricular activities.

Population demographics across various estates have also changed.

As Primary 1 demand falls in mature estates, schools have to be merged. But in newer estates, new schools may be needed. Fern Green Valley School will open next year, to meet the high demand for school places in Sengkang.

Meanwhile, dedicated spaces at the merged schools will preserve the heritage of schools that are no longer on the map.

















JC mergers not due to more choosing polys
Proportion of JC-eligible students picking polys remains steady; falling birth rate hits both JC, poly enrolment: MOE
By Yuen Sin, The Straits Times, 22 Apr 2017

The speculation on social media was swift: Has the polytechnic route to higher education risen so high in estimation that junior colleges have become less attractive, requiring some to be merged?

Many expressed that sentiment online following the Ministry of Education's (MOE) announcement on Thursday of its unprecedented move to combine eight JCs here in 2019.

But the numbers do not bear it out, with MOE saying at a press conference that same day that it expects the proportion of students entering JCs to hold steady. Its projected JC intake of 12,800 in 2019 - a drop of about 20 per cent from 16,000 in 2010 - was based on trends in the birth rate, though it also built in a buffer to accommodate any fluctuations.

In fact, polytechnics have also been hit by falling birth rates, according to the ministry, with student enrolment in polytechnics dropping by a fifth from a few years ago as well. Each of the five polytechnics enrols about 4,000 secondary school leavers yearly.

In response to queries from The Straits Times, MOE said the proportion of post-secondary students who chose JCs or the Millennia Institute through the available routes, including direct school admissions and the Integrated Programme (IP), remained at about 41 per cent in the last five years. About 53 per cent chose a polytechnic, while 6 per cent or so entered the Institute of Technical Education.

A minority will take both paths. About 1 per cent of students enrol in polytechnic after JC, while about 0.5 per cent go the other way.



Over the past decade, the proportion of students who are eligible for JC but choose to go to polytechnics has remained at around 32 per cent to 34 per cent. Still, Jalan Besar GRC MP Denise Phua, who heads the Government Parliamentary Committee for Education, noted it was "not uncommon" now to see potential JC students choosing the more skills-based education of a polytechnic, given the expanded range of post-secondary options.

Such a trend is "not necessarily a negative development in view of the Government's SkillsFuture call for a greater balance between academic and vocational skills pursuits", she said.

However, some parents viewed it as an elitist move, questioning why only non-IP government JCs were merged, while other IP schools and government-aided JCs were spared. While MOE said schools were selected to ensure an even geographical spread of JCs, and that some of those affected had been hit by falling enrolment, not all were convinced.

A 43-year-old programmer with two children, who wanted to be known only as Mr C.J. Tay, said it was a pity JCs like Serangoon and Meridian had to be merged. "They have put in a lot of effort to raise the reputation of the schools despite being newcomers. It could become a vicious circle for them if they fail to attract students after they merge."
























School mergers reflect falling birth rates
But help preserve alumni and teachers' bonds with schools as they give sense of belonging
By Sandra Davie, Senior Education Correspondent, The Straits Times, 21 Apr 2017

I recall covering the big news in August 2001, when the Ministry of Education (MOE) announced plans to open four junior colleges and a fifth polytechnic by 2005. Then, the new institutions were being built to cater to the increasing number of students making it to post-secondary education.

The MOE also had to cater to the bumper crop of 52,000 Dragon Year babies, born in 1988, who were due to enter the junior colleges and polytechnics in 2005.

Fast forward 16 years, and Singapore is faced with a different scenario due to the decline in birth rates. The MOE yesterday announced that shrinking school cohorts require it to merge 28 schools in 2019, including, for the first time, junior colleges.



Serangoon, Tampines, Innova and Jurong junior colleges will be absorbed into Anderson, Meridian, Yishun and Pioneer respectively, cutting the current number of junior colleges from 23 to 19. Seven pairs of secondary schools and three pairs of primary schools will also be merged.

Declining birth rates have had a knock-on effect on enrolments - first at primary schools, then secondary schools and now junior colleges. Junior college intake is expected to drop by a fifth, from 16,000 in 2010 to 12,800 in 2019.

Past and present students are likely to ask if the smaller cohorts could just have translated into smaller, instead of fewer, schools.

However, as the MOE explained, schools need a certain critical mass to be able to offer a good range of educational programmes and co-curricular activities to students. For some of the affected junior colleges, enrolments could have fallen to as low as 200 to 300 students within the next few years - and this is simply untenable.

Still, the mergers will disappoint some alumni. For instance, Jurong Junior College has a long history. The ninth junior college to be established, it took in its first students in 1981. And it has since developed a rich heritage. It is hailed as one of the birthplaces of xinyao, the music movement of Mandarin Singapore songs during the 1980s.

Merged schools will have a heritage space to display their past links. But it is small consolation to some alumni, who are already calling for their school names to be incorporated into the new names. The MOE said the names of the merged schools will be announced later.

It is important to recognise the sense of attachment that students and teachers feel, and look at how the bonds can be preserved as they are among the many links that give Singaporeans a sense of belonging.

Ideally, one would want mergers to be kept to the minimum but, in the face of declining birth rates, the best one can hope for is that the exercises are carried out with minimum disruption.



This latest merger drives home the reality of declining birth rates. Eventually, there will be an impact on the tertiary institutions, but perhaps they may be buffered by the SkillsFuture movement, which encourages Singaporeans to head back to universities and polytechnics to upgrade their skills and knowledge. On the other hand, the emphasis on skills may mean that some could give junior colleges and university education a miss altogether.

The falling birth rate may not be the most immediate concern for Singaporeans caught up with the concerns of daily living. Still, its impact is bound to be felt when one's alma mater has to be closed, while more hospitals and nursing homes for the aged are opened.

But as the opening lines of Jurong Junior College's school song say:

"The road unwinds before us

And we must venture on..."





Ask Sandra: JC mergers
The Straits Times received many questions regarding the junior college mergers announced on Thursday. Here are the answers.
By Sandra Davie, Senior Education Correspondent, The Straits Times, 22 Apr 2017


Q: My daughter is in Serangoon JC, which will be merged with Anderson JC in 2019. She is in JC1 this year and will move on to JC2 next year. I am worried about disruptions that might affect her A-level preparations.

A: MOE has ensured there will be minimal disruptions. The four JCs that are slated to move - Serangoon, Innova, Jurong and Tampines - will not take in JC1 students next year. Their JC2 students will also take their A-level exams in the same school.

There may be some staff movements, but it is likely their JC1 teachers will move up with them to JC2. Some co-curricular and sports activities, though, may be jointly run with the JCs that they are merging with.


Q: With fewer JCs after the mergers, I am worried that my son will have a hard time getting into a JC of his choice.

A: Instead of 23 JCs, students graduating from secondary school next year will have a choice of 19. But all students who qualify for JC will be given a place.All JCs, including those offering the Integrated Programme, will also expand to cater to more students. For example, Anderson JC may take in 800 to 850 students, instead of the current 750.

One can expect that with bigger intakes, it may be easier to enter the more competitive JCs. Also, based on birth figures, it is likely that fewer O-level school leavers will be competing for JC places next year.





Q: I am upset that my alma mater Innova JC will disappear, while Yishun which is much older will stay. How did MOE decide which JCs should move?

A: JCs picked for merger are the ones most likely to be affected by falling enrolments. There is also a need to ensure a good spread of JCs across the island, said MOE.

An MOE spokesman said while Yishun JC's building may be older, it is more conveniently located.

Innova, MOE said, is located too far north. The Yishun site may also be upgraded after the merger.


Q: Why did MOE start Eunoia JC this year if JC enrolments have been falling? Why could it not have offered the Integrated Programme that Eunoia offers in an existing JC?

A: The rationale for starting Eunoia JC was not to increase capacity, but to provide an Integrated Programme for students from Catholic High School, Singapore Chinese Girls' School and CHIJ St Nicholas Girls' School. MOE also said that starting an Integrated Programme school from scratch would be less challenging than integrating the programme into an existing JC.





School mergers 2019: RI and other JCs may take in more students next year
This is because four of the junior colleges slated for merger will not be admitting new students
By Yuen Sin, The Straits Times, 21 Apr 2017

The more popular junior colleges, including the likes of Raffles Institution (RI) and Hwa Chong Institution, are prepared to take in more students next year.

That is when four junior colleges - Jurong, Innova, Serangoon and Tampines - will stop taking in new students ahead of their mergers with other JCs in 2019. Halting enrolment will help cut the need for students to physically relocate to another site.

Since this leaves a smaller number of JCs for this year's O-level students to choose from, schools may have to expand their intakes, said the Ministry of Education (MOE), which has given the assurance that every student who qualifies for JC admission will have a place.

For example, Anderson JC may take in 800 to 850 students, instead of the current 750 or so.

Even JCs offering the through- train Integrated Programme (IP) may be asked to take in more students entering via the O levels. "For instance, we are likely to ask RI to take a bit more, based on demand," said an MOE spokesman.

At a press conference yesterday, the ministry announced that it is merging 28 schools in 2019, including eight JCs, in response to the shrinking number of students due to Singapore's declining birth rate.

It is necessary to merge the schools so that they would have the critical mass to offer a range of programmes and subject combinations.

At the press conference, MOE explained why it had decided to build two new JCs in the last decade or so.

In 2005, Innova JC (IJC) opened in Woodlands. Then in 2010, MOE announced plans for Eunoia Junior College, which started taking in students this year. Currently occupying a holding site in Mount Sinai, Eunoia will occupy a campus in Sin Ming that will be ready in late 2019.

The MOE spokesman said IJC was built to cater to birth spikes in the past and the resultant demand, as well as to add JC spaces in the northern region of Singapore, which had only Yishun JC then. As for Eunoia, which offers the IP, MOE said it is part of a wider move to give students more options.

Some people are questioning why only non-IP government schools were selected for merger, while IP schools and government-aided mission schools such as Catholic JC (CJC) and St Andrew's JC were spared.

MOE said government-aided schools, which have a degree of autonomy over the programmes they offer, are different legal entities with different governance frameworks, and this would complicate the merger process.

It added that most of the JCs picked are the ones most affected by falling enrolments. There is also a need to ensure a good spread of JCs across the island. Merging Innova with Yishun, Tampines with Meridian, Jurong with Pioneer, and Serangoon with Anderson means there is one non-IP government JC in the north, east, west and north- east respectively.

Ease of access was another key consideration. Yishun JC's building may be older than Innova's but it was chosen as the site of the merged school as it is more conveniently located. Innova, MOE explained, is located too far north. The Yishun site may also be upgraded after the merger.

Speaking to reporters after the press briefing, MOE's director of schools Liew Wei Li said the merged schools will continue to offer all special programmes, such as language elective programmes, currently offered by the affected JCs.

She admitted that this merger exercise was particularly challenging as it involved JCs for the first time. She said: "School spirit is so high, we have to be very sensitive... (and) very careful about such things."










No teacher will lose job: MOE
By Calvin Yang, The Straits Times, 21 Apr 2017

Some were dismayed. But for many of the teachers who were told yesterday morning that their schools were going to be merged in 2019, there was little surprise. They had been hearing rumours about the move since late last year.

The teachers were officially told of the changes before the public announcement by the Ministry of Education (MOE), which has assured them that no one will be retrenched.

Staff at an affected junior college, for instance, received an e-mail at 9am yesterday, asking them to attend a meeting two hours later. One teacher said there was a "sense of anxiety and sadness" at the session. She added some of the concerns raised included where staff will go. "It can be quite unsettling. We know we won't lose our jobs, but we are also concerned about adjusting to a new environment."

Affected teachers will be posted to the merged school or redeployed to other schools or the MOE headquarters.

Some may also be posted to teach at other school levels - for instance, moving from a junior college to a secondary school. They will be provided with bridging courses and networking sessions, to equip them with the competencies and content knowledge to make the switch.



Some lessons were briefly suspended yesterday at several affected schools to inform teachers and students about the upcoming mergers.

Apprehension was felt not only at the schools which are set to move.

Mrs Tan-Kek Lee Yong, principal of Pioneer JC, which will merge with Jurong JC, spoke to about 150 staff for about an hour in the lecture theatre, where concerns about school identity, programmes offered, and academic standards were addressed.

She told The Straits Times that the mood was quite positive. She will conduct one-on-one sessions with staff from today to hear their concerns.

The Singapore Teachers' Union said any transfer would not be easy, "especially for teachers who had been teaching in the same school for a long time". It added that there "ought to be a fair representation of key personnel from both schools in the merged entities". The union will offer assistance for its members who face issues with deployment.

Many teachers understood the need for the merger, given the falling birth rates. One told The Straits Times that due to declining enrolment at her school, it was not as easy to implement some educational programmes and co-curricular activities.

"Students won't be short-changed," she said. "They will get opportunities to try out more subject combinations, for instance."

Still, she felt that it would have been better if staff had been informed earlier, especially with rumours causing some worry. "I feel a bit disappointed that we were left in the dark for such a long time," she said.










Past and present students voice concern about impact
By Annabeth Leow and Selina Xu, The Straits Times, 21 Apr 2017

The new junior colleges to emerge from the 2019 mergers will be even stronger schools - this is the rallying cry of Jurong Junior College (JJC) principal Hang Kim Hoo.

With JJC slated to move to the Pioneer JC site, he highlighted how his school offers the Chinese Language Elective Programme, while the other JC has one for Malay.

"It's almost like this new JC is going to be the West Zone centre of excellence for mother tongue language elective programmes!" he said, urging students to look on the bright side of the mergers.

With Jurong, Innova, Serangoon and Tampines junior colleges set to stop taking in new students next year, this has raised concerns among JC1 students. Will they get to run orientation camps as seniors next year, and what about team sports and uniformed co-curricular activities (CCAs)? Dr Hang raised the possibility of JJC working with Pioneer by combining CCAs next year.

Innova already has a head start. Its principal Michael de Silva said: "We have been working with Yishun JC, our partner college, on possibilities of even having combined teams - not only in sports, but also in the Singapore Youth Festival."



Still, many students whom The Straits Times spoke to were disappointed by news of the mergers. JJC's Christabel Lee, 16, said: "We won't have juniors next year. If we want to be an OGL (orientation group leader), we will have to go to a 'foreign' school to do it."

Schoolmate Ang Hua Bin, also 16, said he would have considered applying for a different junior college if he had known of the merger last year. "They should have told us earlier," he rued. "Not when we've been here only two months."

Christabel said she was "twice as sad" over the JJC merger, as she is an alumna of Shuqun Secondary, which will move to Yuhua Secondary.

Alumni of the affected JCs also expressed some concern.

Serangoon JC's alumni association will hold a dialogue for members next month. "With close to 30 batches of graduates in the SRJC alumni, there will be a high level of interest to understand the rationale, implementation and impact of such a merger," its statement said.



JJC alumnus Kenneth Sng, 24, who is a Public Service Commission scholarship holder, said: "Frankly, I am sad to hear that my alma mater will be merged with another school."

He made the news last year when he delivered the opening remarks as the student union president of Washington University in St Louis, at a debate featuring then US presidential candidates Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton. "But I understand MOE's rationale and I hope the decades-long heritage will be preserved in some form in the new junior college," Mr Sng added.

Drinks stall operator Alice Lim, 54, who has been with Innova JC since it opened in 2005, was worried about business next year, with the student population being halved.

"We need to earn a living so it's definitely not happy news, but I will still continue serving the school, and hopefully in 2019, there will be new canteen vendor positions that I can apply for," she said.




United States has no military option against North Korea: Experts

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Twenty-five million reasons the U.S. hasn’t struck North Korea
The Sunday Times, 23 Apr 2017

TOKYO • If the US were to strike North Korea, Mr Kim Jong Un's regime would retaliate by unleashing its conventional weaponry lined up on the demilitarised zone (DMZ) that has separated the two Koreas for about seven decades.

And that conventional weaponry is reliable, unlike North Korea's missiles, and could cause major devastation in South Korea, which is a staunch ally of the United States.

"This becomes a very limiting factor for the US," said retired air force officer Carl Baker, who has extensive experience in South Korea.

As tensions between Pyongyang and the outside world have risen over the past month, there has been more talk about Washington using military force either to pre-empt a provocation or to respond to one.

Although most of the recent focus has been on North Korea's ambition to be able to strike mainland US with a missile, the South Koreans have been living under the constant threat of a conventional attack from the North for decades.

North Korea has "a tremendous amount of artillery" right opposite Seoul, said Mr Joseph Bermudez Jr, a senior imagery analyst at 38 North, a website focused on North Korea.

The Second Corps of the Korean People's Army based at Kaesong on the northern side of the DMZ has about 500 artillery pieces, Mr Bermudez said. And this is just one army corps; similar corps are on either side of it.

All the artillery pieces in the Second Corps can reach the northern outskirts of the South Korean capital, just 50km from the DMZ, but the largest projectiles could fly to the south of Seoul. About 25 million people - or half of the South Korean population - live in the greater Seoul metropolitan area.

About half of North Korea's artillery pieces are multiple rocket launchers, including 18 to 36 of the huge 300mm launchers that Pyongyang has bragged about. State media last year published photos of the system during a test firing that Mr Kim attended.

The 300mm guns could probably fire eight rounds every 15 minutes, Mr Bermudez said, and have a range of about 70km.

"This could do a lot of damage," he said. "If they hit a high-rise building with a couple of rounds of artillery, people get into their cars, causing huge traffic jams, so North Korea could target highways and bridges in cascades."

If North Korea were to start unleashing its artillery on the South, it would be able to fire about 4,000 rounds an hour, the Nautilus Institute's Mr Roger Cavazos said in a 2012 study. There would be 2,811 fatalities in the initial volley and 64,000 people could be killed that first day, most of them in the first three hours, he wrote.

Some of the victims would be American because the US military has about 28,000 troops in South Korea. This prospect of massive damage and casualties has restrained successive US administrations, however provocative North Korea has been.

"Every US administration, as they have looked at this problem, has said that all options are available. But that's not really true," said Mr Baker, who is now at the Pacific Forum of the Centre for Strategic and International Studies. "We really don't have a military option."

WASHINGTON POST










Living with noise pollution in Singapore: Serangoon, Bukit Timah and Clementi among the noisiest neighbourhoods

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Serangoon, Clementi and Bukit Timah are among the noisiest neighbourhoods in Singapore, one study has found. What does it mean to be living with noise pollution? The Sunday Times finds out.
By Ng Jun Sen and Tang Fan Xi, The Sunday Times, 23 Apr 2017

For the past three decades, Mr K.C. Tang, 72, and his wife have been communicating by shouting at each other.

Even then, the couple can barely make out what each other is saying, due to the unceasing cacophony of horns, sirens and revving engines from the Central Expressway (CTE) around 40m away from their three-room flat at Block 115, Potong Pasir Avenue 1.

Said Mr Tang, a retiree, with a sigh: "We have grown used to this."



Over in Yew Tee and Choa Chu Kang, where MRT tracks are within spitting distance from some Housing Board blocks, residents say that they, too, have become accustomed to living with noise.

Choa Chu Kang resident Nadia Begum, 29, whose home is some 30m away from a stretch of MRT track where a train rattles past every few minutes, said: "Closing all the windows is not sufficient. We have to use pillows over our heads to muffle the noises at night."

Mr Tang and Ms Begum are among the tens of thousands living next to busy roads, MRT tracks, construction sites and shopping malls around Singapore, who are coping with din just outside their homes.

A new study from the National University of Singapore (NUS) found that Singapore's average outdoor sound level throughout the day is 69.4 decibels, which is equivalent to the noise made by a vacuum cleaner.

This exceeds the National Environmental Agency's recommendation of no more than 67 decibels averaged over an hour, and is a whisker shy of the World Health Organisation threshold of 70 decibels a day. Consistent exposure to that level can cause hearing impairment.

The study - led by NUS graduate student Diong Huey Ting and Professor William Hal Martin, who heads the university's masters in audiology programme - took 18,768 outdoor sound measurements between last December and February to determine how noisy Singapore is. Worryingly, around 27 per cent of the gathered data exceeded 70 decibels, said Ms Diong.

The study also identified the noisiest places in Singapore. Serangoon tops the list of planning zones, with an average of 73.1 decibels from more than 100 noise readings.

Said Ms Diong, 27: "In densely populated Singapore, common amenities like shopping malls, hawker centres and playgrounds all contribute to community noise, on top of that created by traffic."

Noise pollution is inevitable in big bustling cities around the world and Singapore is experiencing it too.

While there are no comparative studies, anecdotally, the city has become noisier over the years as it continues to develop - with more expressways, longer MRT lines and the cycle of construction and demolition playing out over and over again.

This is on top of new trends like the growing popularity of integrated mixed-use developments, with retail spaces, offices, transport hubs and homes in the same complex.

This worries Mr Spencer Tan, 30, of noise monitoring firm Dropnoise. "Even those who live on the higher floors will not be spared since sound travels upwards."

To try to mitigate against noise pollution, the Government has put in place several measures, including tighter enforcement of construction sites and urban planning regulations. Several solutions are still undergoing trials and may be rolled out in the coming years.

But some are concerned that these measures may not be able to keep pace with a growing nation.

Mr Tang's home became noisier when the CTE was widened from a three-lane to a four-lane dual carriageway in 2012 to accommodate more traffic. Said Mr Tang in Mandarin: "We complained then, but nothing much can be done about it since it is impossible to fight progress."

Dropnoise, which produces noise reports for residents and condominium managements, has seen business boom since it started the monitoring service last year.

Mr Tan gets more than three inquiries from frustrated residents to attend to every week. Its reports can be used in court action against noisy neighbours, or submitted to regulatory bodies as proof of noise pollution.

Within Mr Tang's home, for example, Dropnoise, using a sensitive sound meter, recorded an average of 66.6 decibels over a five- minute period.

"This means that the resident is hearing a constant background noise equivalent to a loud conversation. He will have to speak louder if he wants to be heard," said Mr Tan.

Since the problem of noise pollution is here to stay, doctors said residents should be more aware of ways to protect their hearing. These include the use of hearing protection, such as ear plugs and ear muffs, as a temporary solution, said the head of Singapore General Hospital's (SGH's) otolaryngology department, Dr Barrie Tan.

Dr Low Wong Kein, senior ear specialist at Mount Elizabeth Novena Hospital, said besides hearing impairment, constant exposure to loud noises can cause health problems such as hypertension and heart disease.

Psychologist Nishta Geetha Thevaraja from the SGH department of psychiatry said personal and work relationships can be affected by irritability and anger issues brought about by noise pollution. Those who have become accustomed to loud noises are "usually unaware of these implicit effects noise pollution has on their lives", she added.









Serangoon is noisiest part of Singapore
The Sunday Times, 23 Apr 2017

A total of 18,768 sound measurements were recorded over a 21/2-month period in a new study on noise by NUS audiologist William Hal Martin and graduate student Diong Huey Ting.

According to the data, the noisiest parts of Singapore (based on planning zones) are:

• Serangoon (73.1 decibels)

• Orchard (72.8 decibels)

• Outram (72.8 decibels)

• Bukit Timah (72.6 decibels)

• Clementi (71.8 decibels)

• Kallang (71.5 decibels)

• Marina South (71.0 decibels)

• Downtown Core (71.0 decibels)

• Yishun (70.8 decibels)

• Rochor (70.3 decibels)

The noisiest regions are:

• Central region (70.0 decibels)

• North-east region (69.9 decibels)

• East region (69.8 decibels)

• West region (67.8 decibels)

• North region (66.3 decibels)

Separately, The Sunday Times took average noise readings over a five-minute duration at two sites.

The measurements were recorded by noise monitoring firm Dropnoise.

MR K.C. TANG'S HOME

Location: Block 115, Potong Pasir Avenue 1

Main source of noise pollution: Central Expressway

Indoor average noise level: 66.6 decibels

Outdoor average noise level: 74.2 decibels

MS NADIA BEGUM'S HOME

Location: Block 537, Choa Chu Kang Street 51

Main source of noise pollution: MRT tracks

Indoor average noise level: 60.5 decibels

When a train goes past: 73.2 decibels









Noise barriers and no-work Sundays among measures taken
The Sunday Times, 23 Apr 2017

There are measures already put in place to plan for, monitor and reduce noise levels in Singapore, said multiple government agencies.

At MRT tracks, around 10km of noise barriers have been put up at 16 locations - including Admiralty, Marsiling, Sembawang, Ang Mo Kio, Pioneer and Yew Tee - in the first phase of the $300 million project.

Originally slated to be completed in 2019, this was delayed until 2022, Transport Minister Khaw Boon Wan announced earlier this month. This is because the Land Transport Authority (LTA) had to "review the effectiveness" of the project's first phase.

Installation works for the remaining 10km of noise barriers in the second phase will start in 2020.

Said an LTA spokesman: "The installation of noise barriers requires complex and extensive retrofitting of existing railway structures and we need also to consider whether there will be enough space for railway maintenance works, and thus is not always possible."

Similar noise barriers have also been installed at two expressway viaducts - at Anak Bukit Flyover and a stretch of the West Coast Highway - as part of a trial to determine their effectiveness.

Residents interviewed gave mixed reactions when they were asked whether these barriers work.

Yew Tee resident Tan Liak Eng was hopeful when he first saw them appear on the MRT tracks next to his flat in 2015, believing the source of his nightmares was gone for good.

Today, the 61-year-old retail supervisor shakes his head whenever he sees the barriers. "I do not think that they have made a difference in lowering the sound level. It is the worst around 11pm to 1am, when I have to sleep," said Mr Tan, who has been living at Block 619, Choa Chu Kang North 7, for more than 15 years.

The LTA is also looking at ways to use a material on roads that can reduce the noise generated from the friction between surfaces and vehicle tyres.

While these are still being tested, other measures to control transport noise have been implemented.

Trains are fitted with noise- dampening wheels. The LTA also clamps down on vehicles with illegal modifications, which include modified exhausts. There were 1,161 such cases last year.

When it comes to construction sites and industrial premises, the National Environment Agency (NEA) actively enforces its maximum permissible noise limits.

Contractors have to set up real-time noise monitoring meters to continuously monitor the noise generated from their sites, said an NEA spokesman.

The Quieter Construction Fund, a $10 million co-funding scheme, allows construction firms to be reimbursed for up to half of the cost of purchasing or leasing quieter construction equipment, noise control equipment and other innovative noise-reduction solutions not yet readily adopted by the industry.

NEA also introduced a no-work rule on Sundays and public holidays in 2012 for construction sites located within 150m from homes and noise-sensitive premises such as hospitals.

Since then, construction noise-related complaints have dropped from an all-time high of about 19,800 in 2012 to about 10,400 last year, said the spokesman.

As for homes, HDB flats and private residential buildings have to follow development control parameters set by the Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA).

These rules address noise nuisances by specifying the placement and design of air-conditioning ledges, rooftop electric transformers and water tanks, for example.

For residences near roads and expressways, URA also mandates a "buffer distance" between the building and the road. The buffer distance ranges from 7.5m to 30m wide.





No sound of silence
The Sunday Times, 23 Apr 2017

World Health Organisation guidelines say 70 decibels is the sound level which - if someone is exposed to it consistently for a full day - can lead to hearing impairment. Here's how Singapore and other cities stack up.

SINGAPORE

The mean noise level is 69.4 decibels, according to an NUS study. It is averaged from more than 18,000 sound readings taken over a 2½-month period.

NEW YORK CITY

Noise generally hovers around 70 decibels on the streets of Manhattan, according to measurements taken by magazine NYMag.

TAINAN

A 2009 traffic noise study conducted in Taiwan's Tainan city in 2009 found that 90 per cent of the population was exposed to more than an average of 62 decibels during peak hours.

HONG KONG

In one of Asia's busiest financial hubs, 13.6 per cent of the population is exposed to a noise level of above 70 decibels, according to the government's Environmental Protection Department.

CAIRO

The average noise level in Egypt's capital is 90 deci- bels. It hardly falls below 70 decibels, according to a 2007 study by the Egyptian National Research Centre.

SHANGHAI

Road noise on Shanghai's streets hits an average of 71.9 decibels during the day and drops to 65.9 decibels at night, according to newspaper Shanghai Daily.


Toa Payoh to get new flats, new parks in makeover

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A few thousand flats will be built on two sites, including one next to Caldecott MRT station
By Melissa Lin, The Sunday Times, 23 Apr 2017

Singapore's oldest HDB town, Toa Payoh, will undergo a facelift which will see the building of a few thousand new flats.

There will be two new public housing areas: a 10ha site next to the Caldecott MRT station on the Circle Line and the upcoming Thomson-East Coast Line in Toa Payoh Rise, and a 4ha site in Toa Payoh East, next to the Lian Shan Shuang Lin Monastery.



The exact number of new flats is yet to be finalised. But analysts say that the two plots could fit roughly 5,000 units, depending on the flat sizes. There are currently about 37,000 flats in Toa Payoh.

The new flats, to be completed within the next five to 10 years, come under the Housing Board's Remaking Our Heartland (ROH) programme. Nine towns and estates have been identified for renewal - Punggol, Dawson, Yishun, East Coast, Hougang, Jurong Lake, Woodlands, Pasir Ris and Toa Payoh.

Defence Minister Ng Eng Hen, who is also a Bishan-Toa Payoh GRC MP, launched an exhibition on the area's renewal plans at the HDB Hub Atrium yesterday.

Property analyst Ong Kah Seng expects the two new housing developments to be much sought-after, given their central location.

"So far, in terms of positioning, Toa Payoh has leveraged more on its central location rather than its vibrancy," said Mr Ong, director of R'ST Research. "The new flats can help energise the whole estate."

Build-To-Order flats in Toa Payoh - the nearest HDB estate to the Orchard Road shopping district by MRT - are very popular. In 2014, nine applicants vied for each of the four-room flats up for sale in the new Toa Payoh Apex estate.


The makeover will also inject a whimsical note into the estate. One of the town's icons - the 38-year-old dragon playground in Toa Payoh Lorong 6 - may be replicated in the form of quirky street furniture such as benches in a new park, alongside other symbols.

In the town centre and neighbourhoods, more greenery, shelters and seating will be added to give residents more space to interact. There will also be two new parks.

The new developments will not be made at the expense of the charm and heritage of the mature town, said the HDB.

Toa Payoh was the first satellite town built by the HDB, in 1964. An arts and heritage corner in the town centre will feature storyboards about how Toa Payoh grew from swampland to a town. A model of the town centre in the 1970s will also be on display.

Two new heritage markers will be installed at the dragon playground and the unique Y-shaped Block 53, which has hosted foreign dignitaries such as Queen Elizabeth II.

The estate will also be made more senior-friendly. As a mature town, Toa Payoh has a higher proportion of elderly residents, with three in 10 residents aged 60 and above. Ramps and handrails will be installed and paving will be levelled.

Lorong 5 and Lorong 8/8A have been designated Silver Zones, aimed at making roads safer for the elderly. The zones will have markings to remind pedestrians to check the roads before crossing.

Mrs Chia-Nge Tak Heng, 57, who has lived in Toa Payoh for 42 years, said such features would make it safer for her 79-year-old mother, who uses a wheelchair, to get around.

The HDB engaged about 100 residents and grassroots leaders in June 2015 in developing these plans.

Dr Ng said yesterday: "Over 50 years of continuous improvement, Toa Payoh has been transformed into a modern, vibrant town with much sought-after flats. The ROH programme will make Toa Payoh... even better."

Toa Payoh was last made over under the Estate Renewal Strategy in the 1990s. Although it has been upgraded several times since, an HDB spokesman said the efforts this time will be more comprehensive.



















Related
Toa Payoh to Get Facelift with More Facilities and New Housing Developments

Wanted: 10,000 volunteers to help the elderly in Central Singapore

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Silver Alliance to woo more volunteers to help seniors
By Joanna Seow, The Sunday Times, 23 Apr 2017

Madam Chen Yueh Lun, 81, has been helping her neighbours in the 24 years she has lived in Teck Ghee, collecting and distributing food items for those with mobility issues. She also helps the residents' committee check on neighbours if they pull the distress cord in their flats.

But the widow, who lives alone in a one-room rental flat, is glad to get help cleaning her home from student volunteers who visit about twice a month. "I'm afraid if I climb up to clean the fan, I'll fall down," she said. "I'm happy when the students come - we chat and I tell them stories."

She is one of over 10,000 seniors helped by Silver programmes run by the Central Singapore Community Development Council (CDC). Over the past four years, these include home cleaning, befriending and social outings.

The CDC aims to raise its pool of volunteers to 10,000, and launched a recruitment drive called The Silver Alliance yesterday.

Volunteers from companies and schools are matched with seniors, who are identified by grassroots groups and senior activity centres. Last year, about 9,000 people volunteered for the Silver programmes.

Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, who was at the launch, said such programmes are important as one in seven Singaporeans is aged 65 and above, and it is important for seniors to stay in the community and remain connected to others. "We can take care of our old people and connect with them, and make them feel they are valued citizens and have something to contribute."

Mr Lee, who helms Ang Mo Kio GRC, visited two residents' rental flats and helped volunteers paint a wall and lay sheets to prevent spills.

Central Singapore District Mayor Denise Phua said more than half of Singapore's rental units are in her district, with a large number of seniors living in them. The Silver Alliance is a call to action and aims to nurture a culture of care in the community "where we don't just perform a one-time act... but have a passion for and a culture of serving".

Yesterday, seniors in 32 flats in Ang Mo Kio Avenue 10 had their homes spruced up by 120 students from Raffles Institution, Teck Ghee Primary School and Pathlight School.

Teck Ghee Primary 6 pupil Seah Wei Xiong helped paint Madam Chen's flat and taught her how to take photos with her smartphone. "I think it's a very meaningful programme," he said. "I want to help the elderly have a better environment."


















Growing number of young Singaporeans in need, relying on Government handouts

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Growing number of them relying on handouts - accounting for one in five recipients of ComCare; rise of gig economy may worsen situation
By Janice Tai and Toh Yong Chuan, Manpower Correspondent, The Sunday Times, 23 Apr 2017

Three months ago, Ms Chloe Lin (not her real name) splurged on a big-ticket item. It was her daughter's 11th birthday.

Ms Lin, 33, bought a mango vanilla cake decorated with characters from the movie Frozen. It cost her $50 - one-seventh of the $360 she got a month from ComCare, Singapore's social aid scheme for the poor and needy.

But for Ms Lin, it was worth it. "It's her favourite cartoon and flavour," she said simply.


Having dropped out of school in Secondary 2, Ms Lin struggles to hold on to a job. Her longest stint was as a property telemarketer from 2010 to 2013, earning $7 an hour. But when the sector slowed, she was let go. Twice divorced, she now lives in a one-room rental flat in Ang Mo Kio with her daughter.


Last year, Ms Lin applied for and received ComCare help. For nine months, the monthly stipend was all the pair had to live on.


Ms Lin is among a growing number of young Singaporeans who are in need and having to rely on the Government for handouts.


Ministry of Social and Family Development (MSF) data shows that 5,644 young households - with applicants aged below 35, the official definition of youth - received ComCare's short- to medium-term financial aid in the financial year of 2015.

This is a 40 per cent jump from the 4,016 young households who got such ComCare aid in 2012 - the earliest year that age-segregated data was made public. By contrast, the number of older households whose applicants are aged 35 to 59 went up less - by 34.9 per cent.

Over the years, the Government has become more generous in administering ComCare, bumping up cases. Families now get help when they have a monthly household income of $1,900 or less, or a per capita income of under $650, among other criteria.

But what experts say is troubling is that young Singaporeans account for one in five recipients - a proportion that has not budged despite government efforts such as student care and skills-upgrading subsidies.

It is also just a shade under the share that older Singaporeans aged 60 and above form (these do not include those who get long-term help due to illnesses or disabilities).

The numbers also surprised Ms Rachel Lee, a principal social worker at Fei Yue Family Service Centre. The social worker has seen more younger families seeking help at the centre, but was taken aback when told that the proportion is similar to those 60 and older.

"They may not be the majority but if we don't help these young families break out of the vicious circle, they can get trapped in it, especially those with dependants," she said.



Another set of data also suggests that the problem of poverty among young Singaporeans can be quite intractable. More so than other age groups, they seem more stubbornly stuck with low wages.

Manpower Ministry data shows that last year, there were fewer employed residents aged 15 and above earning a gross monthly income of $1,000 and less, compared to 2015. However, those aged 25 to 34 registered the smallest percentage point drop, meaning that younger workers are slower in breaking out of this low-income bracket compared to other age groups.

There are 41,500 people aged between 15 and 34 who earn under $1,000 a month as of last June.

There are two reasons why some young Singaporeans are in difficulties, say those interviewed.

One is that some struggle to move out of the poverty trap - they are either born into poverty and remain mired in it, or are stuck in jobs that just do not pay enough.

Mr Muhd Alfian K., 30, who has O-level qualifications, is one of them. A crane operator, his life revolves around hitting a target of loading and unloading at least 52 containers within a 12-hour shift. His salary will then be bumped up to $2,000.

This translates into a take-home pay of $1,600 for his family of five.

His wife Irah Nurshahrani, 26, tried to help by taking on jobs such as a hotel housekeeper and a petrol station cashier. But she has had to move from job to job after taking too many days off to care for their children, aged one, two and three. "He works long hours and I try to get work too but it is hard and the money is not enough."

They received $100 in ComCare help for three months last year.

Two, more young Singaporeans are poor because more are now unemployed.

The jobless rate for those below 30 years old has risen over the years and was at 5 per cent last year, double that of other age groups.

An MSF spokesman explained why the young seek assistance: "Some are unable to secure employment due to caregiving needs for young dependants and may require financial assistance in the interim. There are others who might be facing family issues such as divorce, incarceration or violence and require assistance while their family stabilises as they are unable to work."

Looking into the future, the picture is muddied by the rise of the gig economy, displacing traditional jobs. For now, some young workers - tech-savvy and physically fit - are riding the wave and seeing their incomes rise. But their long-term financial health is far from certain.

The authorities worry about the 200,000 gig economy workers here because many lack statutory protections and benefits, including CPF contributions. Deputy Prime Minister Tharman Shanmugaratnam said last year that they face risks such as wage instability and not having enough for retirement.

Warned labour economist Hui Weng Tat: "The gig economy is going to aggravate the social and job-related causes of poverty. Retrenchment due to job obsolescence and job disappearance will increase."

So what is to be done?

Ensure they remain employed, and help them remain employable, said labour economist Randolph Tan, a Nominated MP. Measures such as job placement help and re-skilling need to be significantly stepped up, said Singapore Management University's law don Eugene Tan.

To better help those already in a rut, some social workers will soon be trained to help low-income families better manage their finances.

Meanwhile, those in the gig economy should get a hand to build up their CPF savings, such as incentives for voluntary top-up, say some such as Dr Tan Wu Meng, an MP for Jurong GRC.

Above all, experts and social workers said there should be urgency in tackling the issues faced by Singapore's young and working poor. Otherwise, warned Prof Randolph Tan: "We could see the beginnings of a social catastrophe."

Additional reporting by Kok Xing Hui






Dispatch rider, 23, plies the roads with a prayer and a dream
By Janice Tai, The Sunday Times, 23 Apr 2017

Friends of Mr Fitri Ismail used to tease him for being a delivery boy.

"Last time, they liked to disturb me. They'd say, 'See, I work in a cafe and I (am) already a manager but you are still doing deliveries'," said the 23-year-old.

But Mr Ismail is having the last laugh - for now, at least.

For the past year, he has been pulling in $3,000 to $4,000 a month as a Deliveroo delivery rider, more than what some of his peers earn in their office or F&B jobs.


"It's funny to see those friends who used to poke fun at me now joining as dispatch riders too," said Mr Ismail, who used to earn $1,200 as a pizza deliveryman after Central Provident Fund (CPF) deductions of about $400.


Besides the good take-home pay, Mr Ismail enjoys his job's flexible hours, which allow him to time his days off with his father's medical appointments.


But the gig economy job comes with the downsides that many have warned about.


As a freelancer, Mr Ismail does not get the benefits that an employee has. There are no employer's CPF contribution, medical benefits, paid annual leave or work injury compensation.


"My mum worries about me not having funds in my CPF so I give her about $200 every month to top up my account and earn the interest there," said Mr Ismail.


He has a total of $4,000 in his CPF account now - which he knows will not go far for needs such as buying a flat or medical costs.


So, he tries to make sure he squirrels away $1,800 a month as savings. Currently, he has about $10,000 in the bank.


He wants to put aside $150,000 by the time he hits his 40s. Then, he hopes, he can quit being a dispatch rider and start his own F&B and delivery business with friends.


"I only have a certificate from ITE so it's hard to find other jobs. I tried applying to be a gym instructor, front-line police officer and technician but was rejected," he said.


 


Mr Ismail is one of 200,000 freelancers in Singapore, a group of workers that is expected to grow as the gig economy gains traction.

While it has meant better take-home pay for some such as Mr Ismail, the Government and economists alike worry about their long- term financial health.

Another concern is the fact that the job is physically demanding and can be risky.

Mr Ismail plies the roads from 11.15am to 11.15pm, four or five days a week. He pushes himself to make two to three deliveries an hour in the Orchard area where he is based. That brings his hourly wage to an average of about $21. On top of his $8.50 an hour pay, he earns $4 on weekdays and $6 on weekends for every delivery.

He has made up to 40 deliveries a day - a record among Deliveroo riders, according to Mr Ismail.

His own biggest worry is getting injured in an accident on the road. So far, he has only had one minor run-in with a speeding car, which dented the back of his red and black Honda Wave motorbike.

He knows that having a body fit enough for work is his only financial bulwark for now. Every day, as he straddles his vehicle and revs up its engine, he spends an extra five seconds mumbling a silent prayer.

"God, please protect me on the roads and let me live another day."











Mind the gaps: More data can make a difference
By Janice Tai, The Sunday Times, 23 Apr 2017

Go get a job.

How often have you heard that refrain used on people struggling?

But for many young people here, statistics suggest that having a job is no guarantee of a crawl out of poverty. This mirrors a pattern observed recently in developed countries such as Britain and Italy.

As of June last year, there are 41,500 people who are aged between 15 and 34 who have a gross monthly income (excluding employer Central Provident Fund contribution) of below $1,000.

In Singapore, a youth is defined as anyone between the ages of 15 and 35.

Across all age groups, the number of people drawing such low pay has fallen, according to the annual Labour Force in Singapore reports released by the Manpower Ministry.

While the problem appears to be shrinking, those aged 25 to 34 showed the smallest percentage point drop, meaning that younger workers are slower in breaking out of this low-income bracket compared to other age groups.

So while they have a job, a number of them struggle to support themselves and their families.

Data from ComCare - a national social assistance programme for the low-income - also shows that more than a quarter of short- to medium-term assistance applicants in the financial year of 2015 were getting aid even though they were employed.

While the data clearly signals an issue, there are gaps in public information that could help us understand what contributes to poverty entrenching itself with the young. For instance, why do some young people continue to pull in meagre wages? Why do some with jobs still require financial assistance? A better understanding of the circumstances and obstacles the young and poor face will allow for resources and intervention to be more targeted.

Depending on the root causes, programmes can be tailor-made, whether it is to support them in re-skilling or upgrading their skills to get better jobs and higher wages.

Or perhaps the issue is a structural one and there may be a need to "strengthen Workfare and the Progressive Wage Model further", said Minister for Social and Family Development Tan Chuan-Jin previously.

For a start, it will be useful to track the length of time that people are on welfare aid.

The results should also be published to help policymakers and social workers understand the effect various initiatives have on weaning young people, and their families, off ComCare.

While some families start on "short term" help, they appear to end up being dependent for years.

Again, a clear understanding of why they find themselves in that situation will help ensure that the majority of needy families and individuals graduate out of the short- to medium-term financial assistance scheme instead of moving on to the long-term public assistance scheme.

Beyond income data, another useful tool to understand the young and poor situation in Singapore is the take-up rate of public rental housing, meant for low-income families, by this group.

But here, too, there are more questions. How long do young people live in these rental flats? Were their parents public rental housing tenants, too?

Tracking these data will help in understanding the intergenerational transmission of poverty. Early intervention can ensure that young individuals and families do not get mired in poverty, especially in the productive phase of their lives.

At present, we can only draw an inference of the gravity of the problem.

For instance, the Housing Board told The Sunday Times that nearly 3,000 rental tenants have progressed to first-time home ownership in the past five years. Given that there are 56,000 rental units today, this is but a small fraction. Does this mean that many of the rental flat residents end up living there for years and have a slim chance of owning their own homes?

Some people have blamed the rise of the gig economy - where conventional jobs are replaced by freelance, on-demand "gigs", or short-term projects - for depressing wages and exploiting the young as such workers may not receive the usual medical and leave benefits and CPF contributions that come with full-time work.

Again, there are questions.

With the rise of the gig economy, what is the proportion of young Singaporeans not contributing to CPF? Have their numbers gone up over the years? Of those who do contribute, are those amounts enough to see them through their golden years?

Age-centric data can shed light on how various segments of the population are faring.

With more precise information, we will be better able to detect demographic shifts in profiles of the poor, gauge the effectiveness of existing help schemes, pinpoint new areas of need and channel public funds and charity dollars to those who need them the most.


What does the terror threat mean for Singapore?

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By Nur Asyiqin Mohamad Salleh, The Straits Times, 24 Apr 2017

There has been a shake-up in the world of terror.

In the past four years, the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) has surpassed Al-Qaeda as the prime terror threat. Lone wolf attacks are on the rise, and soft targets - from Christmas markets to concert halls - have become fresh grounds for bloodshed.

What does the evolution of the terror threat mean for Singapore, and why should it matter to Singaporeans, oceans away from the epicentre of conflict in the Middle East?

WHAT IS TERRORISM?

Broadly speaking, terrorism is the use of violence to intimidate people and governments, often to push a political agenda.

Acts of terror have ranged from the assassination of Austro-Hungarian Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife in 1914 by a member of a Serbian nationalist movement, which set off a series of events that erupted into World War I, to the serial mail bombings of "Unabomber" Theodore Kaczynski in the 1970s, in a manic bid to further his anti-technology ideology.

But these days, terrorism carried out under the guise of religion has borne the brunt of the spotlight.

Extremist groups such as Al-Qaeda and ISIS have seized on religion as a tool to divide people and incite hatred.

They dispense distorted interpretations of Islam, preaching violence and exclusivism.

The spread of this radical ideology, therefore, has become a key threat which many parties - from religious leaders to governments - are working to counter.

HOW HAS THE TERRORIST THREAT EVOLVED OVER THE YEARS?

The face of terror has changed, for one. More than 10 years ago, Al-Qaeda - which on Sept 11, 2001 sent two planes crashing into the World Trade Centre in New York City - was the militant group that dominated headlines.

Now, ISIS has claimed that spot.

Singapore's Minister for Home Affairs and Law, Mr K. Shanmugam, declared last year that the group poses a far graver threat than Al-Qaeda ever did.

ISIS, which caught international attention in 2013, has been waging a bloody war in the Middle East to carve out territories in Iraq and Syria for its self-declared caliphate.

But its shadow extends beyond the Middle East: ISIS wants to establish "wilayat", or provinces, around the world. And thanks to the Internet, its twisted ideology has gone global, infecting individuals even in Singapore.

Another development is the rise of the lone wolf terrorist. Tragedies in recent years have shone the spotlight on these individuals who, despite acting alone, have sown much fear and chaos.

Anders Breivik, who in 2011 launched attacks in Norway that left 77 people dead, was one, as was Mohamed Lahouaiej Bouhlel, who drove a cargo truck last year into a crowd celebrating Bastille Day in France, killing 84 people instantly.

These lone wolves present a grave nightmare, because their lack of formal links to established terror organisations make it difficult to detect and monitor them.

Their rise illustrates how terror tactics are shifting. Perpetrators have changed and, likewise, the methods, targets and frequency of attacks.

The International Security and Defence Policy Centre, a United States think tank, estimates that in some months last year, almost 400 attacks were carried out around the world in the name of ISIS, compared with 150 to 200 a month in 2014.

Attacks in the past two years increasingly took aim not at hard targets armed with considerable security, like embassies, but at softer targets, transforming unassuming venues such as Christmas markets, places of worship, and concert halls into sites of violence.

Such attacks have been praised by ISIS, which - thwarted by coalition forces in Iraq and Syria - has called for its supporters to strike, wherever they are and using whatever they have.

WHY SHOULD PEOPLE IN SINGAPORE CARE?

Singapore sits in a region that ISIS considers prime territory. South-east Asia appears ripe for the taking because of the region's sizeable Muslim population, the success the group has enjoyed so far in winning over sympathisers, and the presence of established radical leaders and militant groups like Abu Sayyaf in the Philippines.

ISIS has ambitions of establishing a caliphate in the region, and is taking targeted steps to court supporters.

It has set up a South-east Asian unit, Katibah Nusantara, which, besides fighting in the frontlines, has produced propaganda videos in Malay and Bahasa Indonesia - featuring Malaysian, Indonesian and Filipino fighters.

A media agency linked to ISIS last year published a Bahasa Indonesia newspaper called Al Fatihin. This was banned in Singapore, with the Ministry for Communications and Information citing the publication's "clear intention to radicalise and recruit South-east Asians to join ISIS".

ISIS has also rallied various militant groups in the region. More than 30 such groups from South-east Asia, mostly from Indonesia, have pledged allegiance or expressed their support for ISIS.

In addition, the return of battle-hardened South-east Asian fighters has raised concerns that they will tap on their experience in Iraq and Syria to mount attacks on home soil.

Singapore, with its status as a financial hub and its participation in the US-led global coalition against ISIS, is a valuable target.

Terror attacks have already rocked Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines, and "sooner or later, somebody will break through", said Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong last year.

Singapore has had its close shaves. In 2001, a Jemaah Islamiah plot to attack key installations, such as water pipelines and foreign embassies, was disrupted.

And last August, news broke that a Batam terror cell's plot to fire a rocket at Marina Bay had been foiled. This failed plot, said PM Lee last year, "is not the only definite plan by terrorists to attack targets in Singapore that we know of".

"We know there have been others, we've quietly acted on the information, we've taken precautions," he added.

Although he did not give more details, he said the authorities have shifted and rescheduled certain events because of these threats.

His words are a sobering reminder that while a successful attack has yet to be carried out in Singapore, terrorists have been taking aim.

Their failure so far can be credited to an attitude of constant vigilance.

In fact, when radicalised individuals looking to join the fight in Syria tried to use Singapore as a transit point, or to get stamps in their passport to appear like regular travellers, they were detected and turned away by the authorities, who found their travel patterns and behaviour suspicious.

Last December, two Indonesians trying to use Singapore as a transit point for travel to Syria were deported to Batam.

Earlier last year, four Indonesians who wanted to go to the Middle East to join ISIS were also sent back by Singapore.

HAVE PEOPLE IN SINGAPORE BEEN AFFECTED BY THE RADICAL IDEOLOGY ESPOUSED BY GROUPS LIKE ISIS?

Such ideology has managed to find a foothold even in multi-racial, multi-religious Singapore.

In fact, the threat of radicalisation has heightened. The number of terror-linked arrests reached new peaks in the past few years, with 58 people nabbed under the Internal Security Act since January 2015. Out of this, 18 were Singaporeans - a rise from the 11 nabbed between 2007 and 2014.

Most were self-radicalised, having fallen victim to radical teachings found on the Internet and other channels.

Car washer Rosli Hamzah and truck driver Mohamed Omar Mahadi, for instance, were listeners of Radio Hang FM, a Batam-based religious station that features extreme preachers. The duo, who planned to fight in Syria, were detained in August last year.

Foreigners in Singapore too have fallen prey to extremist teachings.

In the past two years, 40 Bangladesh nationals working in Singapore, who were plotting attacks on their home country or owned and spread radical materials, were rounded up under the Internal Security Act.

In January this year, Mr Shanmugam told Parliament seven foreign maids had been radicalised through the Internet in the past two years. They were repatriated.

WHAT IS SINGAPORE DOING TO COUNTER THE THREAT OF TERRORISM?

From rolling out emergency response teams trained and armed to handle terrorism threats to teaching Singaporeans how to respond to crises, Singapore is fighting back on various fronts.

For instance, new laws are on the way to better protect the country and its people. Changes to the Public Order Act will boost security at events that draw large crowds - which have proven prime targets for terrorists. Organisers of public events attended by more than 5,000 people will have to consult the police on security measures.

A new Infrastructure Protection Act will also be introduced to ensure certain buildings have sufficient protection.

Meanwhile, the SGSecure movement, which aims to increase the public's preparedness and resilience in the fight against terror, is gathering steam.

Since its launch last September, community volunteers and Home Team officers have visited more than 50,000 households to engage residents.



This year, the programme will extend its reach to workplaces, engaging businesses and unions through events like customised Emergency Preparedness Days.

A new SGSecure Community Network will also connect all religious organisations in Singapore and help places of worship get ready for any prospective attack.

There are also many ground-up efforts to strengthen social bonds and promote inter-faith understanding, as well as counter radical teachings. Among them is the Religious Rehabilitation Group, a 14-year-old group of Islamic teachers and academics that counsels radicalised individuals.

Over the years, trust and goodwill have been built up between the different communities in Singapore, but this harmony cannot be taken for granted.

It is an anomaly in an increasingly polarised world, as divisive and exclusivist views gain ground.

Fault lines can easily erupt if such views are allowed to fester, so the strong bonds between various communities can be Singapore's best weapon against the threat of terrorism, which seeks to divide.

President Tony Tan Keng Yam earlier this year said Singapore must continue to promote harmony and understanding among the different races, religions and cultures. He said: "We have to make sure we are alert and that we have all these ways to combat this menace which threatens our very existence. Because racial and religious harmony is the cornerstone of Singapore's existence, survival and prosperity."


This is the fifth of 12 primers on current affairs issues that are part of the outreach programme for The Straits Times-Ministry of Education National Current Affairs Quiz


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