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2014 GCE ‘O’ Level results best in 20 years

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More than 83% of students passed five subjects or more
By Pearl Lee And Calvin Yang, The Straits Times, 13 Jan 2015

SINGAPORE has put in its best showing at the O levels in at least two decades going back to 1994, despite the exclusion of students on the Integrated Programme (IP) who skip the exams.

Of the students who took the O-level exams last year, 83.3 per cent scored five passes or more. This surpasses the 82.7 per cent mark set by the 2013 and 2004 cohorts.

Dr Timothy Chan, director of SIM Global Education's academic division, said the better results could be because the education system now places emphasis on both content knowledge and the learning experience.

"Schools have been teaching students how to learn better," he added.

Education policy expert Jason Tan at the National Institute of Education observed that competition at the O levels has not eased despite some students being on the IP track.

"With the IP, some students are guaranteed places in top-end JCs (junior colleges) so the competition is no less intense for those in non-affiliated secondary schools competing for a smaller number of places," he said.

Just like in the last two years, the Ministry of Education did not name the top scorers when it released the results yesterday. Of the 30,964 students who took the exams, 95.9 per cent passed at least three subjects, while 99.9 per cent had at least a single pass.

But some schools celebrated their top performers. Balestier Hill Secondary principal Abdul Harris Sumardi got those who scored six to 15 points to stand while their schoolmates clapped.

At St Joseph's Institution (SJI), its last full cohort of students to take the O levels did better than their peers last year. All its students attained at least five O-level passes, while 98 per cent qualified for JC admission.

From this year, SJI has students in the O-level and IP routes at every level.

The school highlighted Ian Luke Chan, 17, who scored 11 points for six subjects: distinctions for English, combined humanities, physics, elementary mathematics and additional mathematics, and a B3 for chemistry.

Ian, who lost vision in his right eye at eight as a result of glaucoma, started to lose vision in his left eye in 2013 in Secondary 4 and took a break.

When he resumed Sec 4 last year, he had become completely blind. He studied by using a computer program that read out words on the screen.

For the exams, he had to type out answers for English and the humanities subjects, while an assigned scribe helped to work out sums and equations for the math and science subjects under Ian's verbal instructions.

"I was aiming for below 12 points so that I could qualify for Catholic Junior College," he said.

Juying Secondary in Jurong West scored its best results in 10 years, with 85.7 per cent of its students getting at least five passes.

Tan Siew Fong, 16, is one of Juying's top students. She scored five distinctions. She said: "Some of the teachers stayed back after school to help us with our weaker subjects. They gave me the motivation to work harder even when I felt tired."

Meanwhile, of the 3,949 students from the Secondary 4 Normal (Academic) stream who took one or more O-level subjects last year, 87.9 per cent had at least a single pass.

A total of 2,133 private candidates also took the exams, with 89.5 per cent passing at least one subject.








School's first batch sets high standard
By Calvin Yang, The Straits Times, 13 Jan 2015

ANXIOUS students and their hopeful parents quietly filed into Edgefield Secondary School's hall yesterday afternoon, where its pioneer batch of students received their O-level examination results.

Many, however, left with smiles as the school outperformed even some of the more established ones.

A total of 195 Secondary 4 students took the O-level examinations last year, and 93.3 per cent scored five passes or more, better than the national average of 83.3 per cent.

"I am proud of my students," said principal Leong Kok Kee. "For a new school, we have made a good start, but we have to continue building on what we have done well."

The school, which is in Punggol, started with 320 students, in both the Express and Normal streams, in 2011.

"Four years ago, these students began their secondary school education with us and, in the blink of an eye, some are now moving on to pursue greater things, in the ongoing journey to better themselves," Mr Leong said.

As with any new school, Edgefield had to prove itself.

"Any parent will be worried because there are no benchmarks to compare against," said 42-year-old manager Charanjeet Kaur, whose daughter Dashreen scored seven distinctions and one pass.

"But the students have set a high standard, and this is not possible without the hard work of the teachers."

More than 50 parents were present yesterday, many taking leave from work to be with their children.

Stanley Ho, 17, who achieved seven distinctions and a pass, said: "The school may not seem as good compared to others, but the teachers still made the extra effort to help us.

"There wasn't much pressure as we didn't have any seniors to compare with. We just had to do our best."

For some, the road was long and often arduous.

Samuel Lau, 17, was diagnosed with Guillain-Barre Syndrome - a rare disorder in which a person's immune system damages its own nerve cells - when he was 14, and was in a wheelchair for weeks.

He needed four months of treatment, including intense physiotherapy, before he made a full recovery.

"I am thankful to the teachers who specially set aside time to go through the things that I missed," he said. He scored three distinctions and five passes.

His father, Mr Bernard Lau, a 45-year-old real estate agent, said: "There are many challenges that come with Edgefield being a new school, but it has slowly established itself over the years.

"At the end of the day, it is not about whether the school is established or not, but how much effort the students put in."





Good enough for JC, thanks to study buddy
By Pearl Lee, The Straits Times, 13 Jan 2015

WHEN Muhammad Suhail Salimudeen collected his results slip yesterday, close friend Muhammad Zaydh Mohamed Ghazzali, was right next to him.

Suhail, a student from the Normal (Academic) stream in Balestier Hill Secondary, scored 13 points for six subjects, good enough to go to a junior college.

He had his friend to thank for his good results, he said.

Suhail had entered the school as a Normal (Technical) student with a score of 149 at the PSLE. He transferred to the N(A) stream in Secondary 2 and was later offered additional maths.

"I was contented to be in the N(A) stream, but I didn't feel confident enough to do additional maths," he said.

But with encouragement from Zaydh, he took the subject. "I barely passed my additional maths exam in Sec 3, but Zaydh did well, so he started to be my maths tutor," said Suhail.

Both 17, the pair have been schoolmates since kindergarten and live a 10-minute walk from each other. But it was in secondary school that their friendship strengthened as they studied together after school and on weekends at the National Library.

Zaydh topped the N levels at Balestier Hill Secondary last year and went to Singapore Polytechnic under the polytechnic foundation programme. "I just wanted us to do well together," he said.

In April, they will be in the same school again, as Suhail has decided to pursue an information technology course in Singapore Polytechnic (SP).

"Zaydh has told me a lot about SP," said Suhail, who is the third of five children of a housewife and a businessman.

At Balestier Hill, 84.4 per cent of the Express cohort got at least five O-level passes, higher than the national average.

In the Normal stream, 68.4 per cent of its students had at least five O-level passes, up from last year's 43.2 per cent.





Tough struggle of work and study ends well for teen
By Calvin Yang, The Straits Times, 13 Jan 2015

WHILE many of her peers concentrated on studying for the O-levels last year, Esther Poh juggled school and part-time work as an order taker at a McDonald's drive-through in Boon Lay.

For three years, the 17-year-old has worked an average of seven hours a day on weekends and school holidays, to help with the family finances.

"I envied other students who could just focus on their studies," said the single child, who lives with her parents and uncle in a three-room flat in Boon Lay.

Despite the tough circumstances, the Secondary 4 student at Juying Secondary School surprised herself yesterday by scoring three distinctions and five passes at last year's O-level examinations.

"It was very tiring. When I returned home after work, I would take a short nap before starting on my revision," said Esther, who spent three to four hours each night revising for eight months leading up to the exams.

"I am satisfied with my results. My teachers sacrificed a lot of their free time to help me, even coming back to school on weekends to revise with me."

Madam Mak Wai Han, her mathematics teacher, said: "She carries a positive mindset with her wherever she goes. Despite her financial situation, she is always very cheerful."

Esther hopes to pursue a business diploma at Singapore Polytechnic. She has been saving up for the tuition fees and will also apply for financial aid.

Her situation had a part to play in her decision to study business.

"I have gained a lot of work experience, it has taught me how to manage my time well."





Teen with autism scores 7 points at O-Level exams
By Amanda Lee, TODAY, 13 Jan 2015

Joel Lee, who has Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), started primary school a year later than his peers, joining the first cohort at Pathlight School.

A year later, he was able to transfer to a mainstream primary, and went on to Zhonghua Secondary School, where he did well academically and in his co-circular activity (CCA), despite a bumpy start getting along with his schoolmates.

Today (Jan 12), he was among the 30,964 students who received their O-Level results, achieving an L1R5 score of seven points.

Joel was diagnosed with the condition at the age of two, and his mother, Mdm Karan Tan, was worried he would not be able to cope in a mainstream school and enrolled him in Pathlight. Her fears proved unfounded, when he scored an aggregate of 242 in the Primary School Leaving Examinations at Cedar Primary School.

While ASD can affect individuals in their social interactions, communication and interests, Mdm Tan described Joel’s condition as mild, and save for the occasional outburst — triggered by irritation — he generally gets along well with his peers.

As a staff sergeant in the Boys’ Brigade, he tutored his junior cadets in his free time. “He has learnt to manage his social behaviour,” said Mdm Tan. “(It’s) when he gets irritated with other people by comments and remarks (about him that) he will (have an outburst)”.

The 17-year-old did experience some bullying by his peers in school, where schoolmates would make fun of his condition or the way he spoke, but support from his teachers and school counsellor at Zhonghua Secondary helped him cope.

“My form teachers encourage me whenever I was feeling down or feeling upset and asked me to share my problems,” he said. By Secondary 4, the bullying was minimal, he added.

Mdm Tan, 57, an admin executive, said she found the school’s open communication with her and her husband reassuring. For example, when Joel had an outburst at a CCA fair and the school decided not to nominate him for a CCA award, they made sure to inform her first. “I thought it’s good that they informed me, they didn’t just take him out,” said Mdm Tan.

At Zhonghua, Joel excelled in mathematics and also took music as an O-Level subject — that the school offered the latter as an O-Level subject was one reason his parents picked the school. As Joel had played the piano since age 8, he could play to his strengths with the subject.

Asked his future plans, Joel said he hoped to enter the science stream at Nanyang Junior College, and become a scientist or mathematician in future. He also did not rule out becoming a teacher at his alma mater. “Zhonghua is my second home,” he added.

Last year, 83.3 per cent of students who sat for the O-Level examinations scored five or more passes, beating 2013’s results (82.7 per cent), which had been the highest in a decade.

A total of 3,949 students from the Secondary 4 Normal (Academic) stream sat for one or more subjects. Of this, 87.9 per cent obtained at least one O-Level pass. There were also 2,133 private candidates and 89.5 per cent were awarded certificates.







ITE rolling out more courses at higher level
Rapid transit engineering, interactive design among the new programmes
By Calvin Yang, The Straits Times, 14 Jan 2015

RAIL infrastructure enhancements - including the expansion of the rail network and major upgrades to existing lines - have signalled the need for technicians to maintain the train system here.

To meet the growing demand, the Institute of Technical Education (ITE) will offer a two-year Higher Nitec course in rapid transit engineering this April. It is one of three new Higher Nitec courses ITE is introducing this year, which can be taken by those who have a related Nitec certificate or who scored at least E8 in three relevant O-level subjects.

"Due to the expansion of the rapid transit system, there is a strong demand for more technical officers to maintain it," said course manager Wong Sheow Leong. "Currently, there is a shortage of skilled individuals."



The pioneer cohort of 40 students will attend classes at the ITE College West in Choa Chu Kang. They will be trained in the maintenance of rail communications equipment, such as train intercoms and closed circuit television cameras, and signalling systems that help trains run more frequently, among others.

In the final semester, students will serve a three-month attachment with rail operators SMRT and SBS Transit, and engineering firms in the rapid transit sector.

Graduates can take on jobs with train operators and engineering firms as technicians and technical officers. They can also pursue polytechnic courses, including a new diploma in engineering systems and management offered by Republic Polytechnic this year.

Mr Syahril Rais, 19, who has applied for the Higher Nitec course, said: "This course is different from the other engineering courses because it is more specific to the rapid transit sector. Singapore is expanding its rail network. I think there will be a lot of opportunities in this line in future."

ITE will also introduce two other two-year Higher Nitec courses this April, on emerging fields such as interactive design, and broadcast and media technology. The additions bring the total number of Higher Nitec courses to 45.

The programme in interactive design will take in 80 students this year, and the broadcast and media technology course, 40 students. Both will be conducted at ITE College Central in Ang Mo Kio.

Mr Heng Guan Teck, deputy chief executive officer (academic) of ITE, said: "We have introduced these courses based on industry demand, and to provide aspiring students in these fields with good career prospects and progression pathways."



Top scorers deserve praise too

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I AGREE with Mr Chan Cheng Lin ("Focus on students who beat the odds"; last Friday) that we should praise students who have made progress despite negative circumstances, and that our education system should not be too focused on academic achievements.

However, I question the Ministry of Education's policy of not naming top scorers in national examinations, as well as Mr Chan's distaste for praise for students who have excelled.

What is wrong with commending those who did well in their studies? They must have worked extremely hard.

Are their achievements less remarkable because they did not come from disadvantaged backgrounds?

Mr Chan and the public should realise that being top in anything is no easy task.

It requires effort and perseverance to top a national exam. We should not downplay these students' efforts just because we want to de-emphasise the nation's focus on grades.

I hope that we are not turning into a nation that turns our noses up at people who have worked hard at being the best in their studies.

Let's give credit where it is due. This includes students who "beat the odds", excelled in non-academic areas, as well as those who topped their cohort in their studies. All of them deserve commendation.

Chong Sze Kah (Madam)
ST Forum, 12 Jan 2015





Focus on students who beat the odds

I AM disappointed that local schools offering the International Baccalaureate have once again named their top scorers ("S'pore tops Asia-Pacific in perfect IB scores"; Tuesday).

This contradicts the Ministry of Education's policy of not naming the top scorers of national examinations, to reduce society's over-emphasis on academic performance.

Like for other national exams, media coverage should be given to IB

students who overcame challenges to attain academic progress, even if their results were not stellar, or who did well in co-curricular activities.

I hope that when the next batch of IB results is released, the schools and the media will move the spotlight away from the top students.

Chan Cheng Lin
ST Forum, 9 Jan 2015





What's wrong with celebrating success?

CELEBRATING success is common.

We celebrate success in business, sports and overcoming the odds, through awards or media publicity.

So what is so distasteful about celebrating students who excel in their studies ("Focus on students who beat the odds" by Mr Chan Cheng Lin; last Friday)?

Like Madam Chong Sze Kah ("Top scorers deserve praise too"; Monday), I struggle to comprehend the Education Ministry's reluctance to name the top scorers in national exams.

After all, we are a meritocracy, even as we attempt to de-emphasise academic grades. It is this system that is responsible for where we are today.

Contrary to what some may believe, celebrating academic excellence can motivate other students instead of creating stress for them.

We must not be afraid to give credit where it is due.

In this way, we demonstrate consistency in our policies.

Lawrence Loh Kiah Muan
ST Forum, 14 Jan 2015





Good to move away from academic focus

I DISAGREE with Madam Chong Sze Kah ("Top scorers deserve praise too"; Monday).

The Ministry of Education did the right thing by doing away with school rankings and moving towards the notion of "every school is a good school".

However, it will take time for this message to sink in among students and parents.

There is really no need to revert to the practice of singling out the top scorers in national exams.

Achieving top exam scores is a reward in itself, and motivates students to do even better in their future academic pursuits. The media should not be used to "reward" them further.

It is time our society moved on to encourage our young to take pride in voluntary work, nation building and the like, and not exam scores.

Our youth should learn that being top scorers in exams does not equate to success in life.

Ling Ming Hui
ST Forum, 14 Jan 2015


Home help for parents from 'supernannies'

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Social workers visit families who find it hard to handle their kids
By Janice Tai, The Straits Times, 13 Jan 2015

EVEN playing with Lego bricks could turn into a nightmare for the Ow Yongs.

Their 10-year-old son "Lenny", who has attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, would throw a fit if he was frustrated with the blocks.

"He may turn violent and throw things around or shout vulgarities," said Mrs Ow Yong, a 41-year-old cashier.

She went for parenting classes at three different agencies, but that did not help.

She and her husband, a supermarket assistant, admitted to being close to their wits' end, until they turned to a novel parenting programme offered by Chen Su Lan Methodist Children's Home.

Social workers there visited the Ow Yongs' flat to see how parents and child interacted before offering parenting techniques tailored to their needs.

The children's home is one of at least three voluntary welfare groups which offer such free home-based services to parents struggling with their children's behaviour.

Big Love Child Protection Specialist Centre launched its service in 2013 after its affiliated agency, Marine Parade Family Service Centre, tried it in 2010 and found it worked.

"Many of these families face a host of other issues - including financial and marital," said Ms Serene Tan, senior social worker at Big Love. "They may not be able to attend workshops outside."

While such services are relatively new here, research overseas has proven their impact.

A 2010 study in Britain found that home-based parenting programmes not only helped to manage children's behaviour through practical tips, but they also provided parents with social and emotional support.

The concept was also behind a popular British TV reality show - Supernanny - in which a professional nanny would observe a family in their homes before presenting a better parenting plan.

Here, social workers or trained volunteers first observe the family dynamics and home environment.

Common issues they look for are whether the child lacks attention and unhealthy communication patterns, such as parents being quick to blame the child. They then look for ways to instil discipline, set boundaries and grow a child's self-esteem.

The home sessions are held once a week and can continue for months. In Lenny's case, they set up a schedule for the boy to follow to ensure more stability.

Mrs Ow Yong was taught how not to give in to unreasonable demands, and to encourage good behaviour through a reward system.

The social workers also donated a desk after seeing that Lenny did his homework on the floor of his family's one-room rental flat.

Mrs Ow Yong, who has three other children in their teens, said: "Having someone come over to show me how to do it helped, and I no longer constantly think myself a bad mother."

Mr Cayden Woo, who is in charge of the home-based parenting programme at Chen Su Lan, which works with neglected or abused children, said: "When we saw many parents struggling to manage their children, we started a group for them to share tips and support in 2012.

"But after a few months, they still came back complaining about their children."

Some parents had found it hard to apply what they had learnt, he explained. So last year, the organisation started the home-based parenting service for its beneficiaries.

It has since helped 70 low-income families with primary school children.

"The children look forward to the visits because they get more attention from their parents and social workers on the issues they struggle with."


Football League to get boys off streets a mega hit

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By Lim Yi Han And Amir Hussain, The Straits Times, 13 Jan 2015

WHAT started as an initiative to occupy youths during their school holidays and steer them away from crime is now the largest football league in Singapore.

The Delta League consists of 2,000 players who make up 96 teams - a far cry from the 16 teams it started with in 2011.

A brainchild of Clementi Police Division, it is open to boys aged between 13 and 17. More than 6,000 have taken part to date.

The competition is held twice a year during the June and year-end school holidays, and typically lasts four to six weeks. It consists of round-robin group matches and a knockout stage which leads up to a final for two categories - under-16 and under-18.

On Jan 3, in the finals held at Jalan Besar Stadium, Class of 98 - a team made up of 20 friends - emerged champion in the under-18 category, beating Vivala Paris, 3-0.

In the under-16 category, Dayak Boys Junior beat Regent Flowmaster by a score of 4-1.

The winning teams received a $2,000 cash prize while the runners-up received $1,000.

Class of 98 midfielder Muhammad Hami Syahin Said, 17 - a Singapore Sports School student - said: "Many of the players in the league can play soccer well, so it's quite intense and it's enjoyable.

"Instead of hanging out and getting into trouble, playing soccer is good because it's a form of exercise. I hope the competition can be held more often, though."

Among the police officers who acted as the youngsters' mentors was Station Inspector Mohamad Ismadi, from the Jurong East Neighbourhood Police Centre.

He said: "The students know that we're police officers, but there's no barrier and they're not shy to talk to us about their problems."

National Crime Prevention Council chairman Tan Kian Hoon said the league has grown from "informal football games between neighbourhood kids" to an islandwide programme.

He said: "Through the Delta League, we are inculcating the right values in our youths, keeping them occupied meaningfully in their spare time and motivating them to give back to society."



Related

Minimum wage 'may aid hospitality sector': Ho Kwon Ping

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Wages of certain sectors of hospitality industry need to be reviewed
It could attract more people to work in the industry, says Ho Kwon Ping
By Cheryl Faith Wee, The Straits Times, 13 Jan 2015

SOME form of minimum wage might attract more people to work in the local hospitality industry, Mr Ho Kwon Ping, executive chairman of well-known hospitality group, Banyan Tree Holdings, has suggested.

He threw up the idea as he addressed concerns about low wages in the sector at a hospitality and tourism conference yesterday at Nanyang Polytechnic (NYP), attended by about 250 of its students.

Mr Ho said it might be helpful if industry players could agree on a wage structure for certain areas of the hospitality sector.

Speaking to reporters later, Mr Ho said: "The hospitality industry is not a terribly attractive one right now for rank and file people and that is probably because of the low wages and low productivity. We do have a problem here."

He said there was a need to look at the sub-sectors of the hospitality industry to see whether there are pockets of low wage that are unnaturally low, like what was done in the cleaning industry.

A wage ladder was introduced last year for cleaners, with basic monthly pay from $1,000.

In 2012, The Sunday Times reported that salaries for full-time food and beverage service crew can be from $1,000 to more than $2,000, depending on experience.

But Mr Ho also cautioned that "you do not just bump up wages without increasing productivity".

Technology can help improve efficiency, but its use in the hospitality industry remains low here compared to countries such as China, added Mr Ho, whose company runs hotels, resorts, spas and golf courses in 26 countries.

"Not long ago, I was in a remote part of China and I went to some little chain restaurant there. They already had no more cashiers - every single wait staff was using a portable device to give customers their cheque.

"I do not know many restaurants in Singapore which do that, most of them still use a cashier."

Based on his personal experience with Singaporeans in China and other countries, Mr Ho found that they sometimes do not measure up to foreigners in terms of social skills.

"Their training in management and in the skills of hospitality is quite high, but what is lacking is some of the emotional intelligence to deal with culturally complex situations.

"I have also found to my disappointment that sometimes the perseverance of the Singaporean young managers is not high enough," he added.

In response, Mr Kevin Wee, senior lecturer of the poly's school of business management, feels the issue here may be about how employers have to adapt to the new generation of Singaporean workers.

"Last time, people would just accept things and do it, but people are more sophisticated now, they need to know the reason why they are doing things," he said.

While the hospitality sector here faces many challenges, enrolment for NYP's hospitality and tourism management diploma has actually doubled over the years. When introduced in 2006, it had 75 to 90 students. This has doubled to around 150 to 180 per batch since 2010.

Some students from NYP's hospitality and tourism management diploma course are not deterred by the relatively low wages.

Final-year student Jarrett Ng, 20, who did a six-month internship at Marina Bay Sands last year, said he wants to work in this field because he enjoys talking to people. "My concern is not really about the money right now. I think $1,500 or above per month is reasonable. I love interacting with people from all over the world - you do not get to do that if you work in an office."





Singaporeans working in the hospitality sector ‘lack social skills’
By Laura Elizabeth Philomin, TODAY, 13 Jan 2015

With more tourists from different parts of the world visiting the country, Singaporeans in the hospitality industry have the opportunity to rise to the top of the global travel industry, given their multicultural background.

However, they are still lacking in the social skills needed to deal with culturally complex situations, said Banyan Tree Holdings’ executive chairman Ho Kwon Ping yesterday.

Speaking at a dialogue session with more than 250 Diploma in Hotel & Tourism Management students and graduates from Nanyang Polytechnic, Mr Ho noted that compared with the past when travel was dominated by Westerners, the industry is now seeing the rise of “rainbow tourism”, where managers need to be able to serve tourists from all over the world.

From his experience, Singaporeans in the industry usually have high levels of hospitality training and skills, but they still have several undesirable traits to shake off.

“We compare everything to Singapore and how we set the standards without understanding the context of where other people and other cultures come from,” said Mr Ho. “And I’ve also found that, to my disappointment, the perseverance of Singaporean young managers in the hospitality industry globally is not high enough.

“I find that many of our young Singaporeans are not willing to wait. They have all the skills, but they get too antsy too soon and say ‘I’m not rising fast enough and I’ll leave and go somewhere else’. And that’s unfortunate.”

Singapore’s tourism sector has faced headwinds in recent years, though it continues to register growth.

Latest visitor arrival figures released by the Singapore Tourism Board showed that international visitor arrivals in Singapore fell 3.6 per cent to 1.14 million in November from a year ago, hurt by an 8.1 per cent drop in visitors from Indonesia.

With low wages also deterring many from joining the hospitality industry, Mr Ho, who was responding to a question posed by a student, said he was not in favour of a minimum wage for the entire economy because “it is too blunt an instrument” for wage adjustments.

Mr Ho added that when a country with a high minimum wage faces a severe recession, employers tend to get rid of the newer entrants to the workforce and retain the older, experienced employees.

While acknowledging that an industry-agreed pseudo-minimum wage could help the pockets of low-wage employees in the hospitality sector, Mr Ho said what is more pressing is the issue of raising productivity and wages in the industry.

One way to do this is to increase investment in technology, he added, citing an example of a chain restaurant in a remote part of China that uses handheld devices, instead of cashiers, to settle bills.

Mr Ho also had this advice for the aspiring entrepreneurs in the audience: Find an idea that you think really works, innovate to solve problems and be the best at what you do.

“If you want to be an entrepreneur, you have to try to find a niche business where you think you can add value, where you can do something different. Don’t just try to be a ‘me-too’ enterprise,” he said.

The most successful entrepreneurs he has met are those who have mastered the tricks of the trade, studied the market they want to enter, the product and have made contacts.

On what it takes to be an entrepreneur, Mr Ho said: “I would say that if you’re the kind of person for whom the fear of failure is so great that it actually puts you off, then you’re probably not the right kind of person to be an entrepreneur.”


2015 bail review: Striking the right balance

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By Remy Choo Zheng Xi, Published The Straits Times, 13 Jan 2015

ONE of the more interesting legal developments to look forward to this year is a review of the bail framework. This was announced recently by Law Minister K. Shanmugam in the wake of the Sydney hostage-taking on Dec 15 last year.

Far from being a knee-jerk reaction to a one-off event, the review should be seen in the light of an earlier statement by Second Minister for Home Affairs S. Iswaran in July 2012 that the bail framework is reviewed regularly and is an ongoing process.

The last time the bail framework was tweaked was in January 2012, when Parliament passed the Statutes (Miscellaneous Amendments) Bill prescribing that no bail would be granted when a person is charged with an offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life.

The recent announcement of a review by the Ministry of Law provides a ripe opportunity for a more comprehensive re-look at the entire system of bail.

In the media and academic writings, less ink has been spilled on the question of bail, compared with issues such as sentencing and the trial process.

The paucity of literature is a pity, because every person who is being investigated and/or charged with a criminal offence will invariably have to grapple with the issue of whether or not bail is offered and, if so, in what amount.

At the heart of any comprehensive review must be an attempt to strike the best balance between the rights of an accused, who is innocent until proven guilty, and the state's interest in securing the accused person's attendance in court.

Additionally, there is a public interest in ensuring that any potential injury to the public, from the possibility that potentially dangerous individuals are set loose upon the public, is minimised.

Understandably, to the extent that bail is discussed in public discourse, it is the latter half of this equation that is more often in the spotlight. Media reports often focus on cases in which accused persons abscond while on bail.

For instance, in the last six months alone, there were four news items on accused persons who had absconded while on bail. High-profile cases involving the issue of abscondment (actual or potential) include that of Singaporean football match-fixer Wilson Raj Perumal, who jumped bail in 2010 over an assault charge, and more recently issues of adequacy of bail relating to Chinese national Yang Yin. In 2013, 122 persons absconded while on bail and, in 2012, the figure was 99.

However, it is equally important that the upcoming bail review give some serious consideration to the question of the right of accused persons to be released on bail pending trial.

Article 9 of the Constitution guarantees the right of liberty of the person, and the presumption of innocence is accepted without question in our criminal cases as the "golden thread" that binds this corpus of law.

The practical impact of the availability of bail to accused persons is significant.

The last publicly available statistics on this were cited in a 2005 article by then Assistant Registrar of the Supreme Court Low Siew Ling, which showed that of 13,436 cases in which bail was granted in 2004, only 5,734 persons availed themselves of bail. The remaining 7,702 persons (57.3 per cent) were presumably unable to raise the bail amounts. Unless the statistics have been reduced dramatically in the intervening decade, such numbers are a cause for concern.

Persons who are remanded pending trial because of their inability to provide bail are at a disadvantage: They are less able to prepare for trial, and may also feel additional pressure to plead guilty, particularly where the period they may spend in remand prior to trial is potentially longer than a possible sentence. I have personally taken on such cases involving foreign workers, who do not have bailors and who elect to plead guilty out of convenience.

In some cases, individuals who are not on bail may be deprived of their liberty for longer periods than they are eventually sentenced to by the courts.

This danger was highlighted in the 2005 case of Yeo Eng Siang v Public Prosecutor, in which former chief justice Yong Pung How heard a case where the accused person was acquitted despite having been imprisoned for several months before his appeal was heard.

Having large numbers of persons in pre-trial remand also strains the resources of the state unnecessarily.

To reduce the numbers of persons in pre-trial remand because of an inability to post bail, one area of possible reform could be to consider providing the courts with broader powers to order non-monetary conditional releases in lieu of bail. This is known in some jurisdictions such as Scotland, Hong Kong, Canada and the United States as "release on one's own recognisance".

Conditions of such release can be flexible but as effective as monetary bail, as it allows courts to granularly assess and take into account the individual circumstances of accused persons. For instance, the Pennsylvania Rules of Criminal Procedure Code allows a bail authority to order curfews and reporting requirements in the case of young accused persons with poor family supervision, or to order regular drug testing for accused persons on drug charges.

While it might be overly ambitious to expect the 2015 bail review to provide the final word on a more flexible and effective system of bail, it might not be too controversial to extend a broader scheme of non-monetary conditional releases to a limited class of non-violent offenders who are assessed to be of low flight risk.

This would be of particular comfort to individuals who come from lower socio-economic backgrounds and are unable to find persons of sufficient means to post bail for them.

Hopefully, such a scheme could demonstrate that in the pursuit of justice, the balance between effectiveness and principle does not need to be a zero-sum game.

The writer is a director in the law firm Peter Low LLC.


Nothing can justify Paris killings: Shanmugam

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By Lim Yan Liang, The Straits Times, 13 Jan 2015

THE "barbaric"terrorist attacks in Paris last week were the acts of "sick and mad people" and had nothing to do with issues of religion, race or nationality, Foreign and Law Minister K. Shanmugam said yesterday.

"Nothing can justify the killings," he told reporters. "It's been done in the name of religion (but) no religion will have any truck with these actions."



Speaking at the French embassy in Singapore after signing a condolence book for the victims of the terrorist killings, Mr Shanmugam said the Republic stands in solidarity with France as it mourns the victims of the attacks.

"We have no doubt the resilience of the French people will come through once again," he added. "And this challenge will be faced with determination, like France has faced so many other challenges."

France's ambassador to Singapore Benjamin Dubertret thanked Mr Shanmugam for his gesture of support and "solidarity in the fight against terrorism".

"It's an exceptional gesture and we value it as such," he said.

Seventeen lives were lost last week in three terror incidents in the French capital, including 12 casualties during an assault on Paris-based magazine Charlie Hebdo.

On Sunday, nearly four million people marched in France to demonstrate unity in response to the attacks. Mr Shanmugam said he had instructed Singapore's ambassador in Paris, Mr Tan York Chor, to join the unity march there.

At home, the Paris incidents have led to a "growing realisation" among Singaporeans used to peace and security that terrorism is a serious threat, he added.



Asked about ramping up security in Singapore, Mr Shanmugam said a balance must be struck between a free society and security.

"You can't turn every place into a prison or a fortress," he said. Rather, Singapore should use intelligence networks and share information with foreign agencies to pick up leads.

As to whether the killings in Paris represented an attack on freedom of expression, Mr Shanmugam said that while freedom of expression is a universal value, each country practises it differently depending on its experiences.

"Given our own background in racial and religious sensitivities, we have taken a fairly tough line and we draw the line on freedom of expression which crosses over into insulting another religion," he said.

"But you know these are based on historical experiences, and the French historical experience has led to their structure of freedom of expression which now has to face up to this reality, and I'm sure the French people will identify a line that they can draw."









Thousands to guard vulnerable sites across France
10,000 troops mobilised in country's largest operation
The Straits Times, 13 Jan 2015

PARIS - France announced an unprecedented deployment of thousands of troops and police to bolster security at "sensitive" sites including Jewish schools from today, following weekend marches that drew nearly four million people across the country.

"We have decided... to mobilise 10,000 men to protect sensitive sites in the whole country from tomorrow evening," Defence Minister Jean-Yves Le Drian said after an emergency security meeting yesterday.

"This is the first time that our troops have been mobilised to such an extent on our own soil."

Ahead of the meeting, Prime Minister Manuel Valls said one of the attackers, Amedy Coulibaly, who gunned down a policewoman and four Jewish shoppers at a kosher supermarket, likely received help from others.

"I don't want to say more, but investigations are continuing into these attacks... We think there are in fact probably accomplices," he told French radio. The hunt will go on, he pledged.

Seventeen people, including journalists and police, lost their lives in three days of violence that began last Wednesday with a shooting attack on the political weekly Charlie Hebdo.

The alert level in shell-shocked France remained at its highest possible, as Interior Minister Bernard Cazeneuve announced the deployment of nearly 5,000 police officers to guard Jewish schools and places of worship. He said he was putting in place a "powerful and durable" system of protection for France's Jewish community, the largest in Europe. But fears of possible terror attacks are spreading globally, putting more nations on guard.

Malaysia has stepped up security at checkpoints and plans to deepen exchange of intelligence with foreign counterparts. Prime Minister Najib Razak said over the weekend that Malaysia will introduce a new anti-terror law to arm officials with wider preventive powers to "incapacitate and convict terrorists before they strike".

The attacks on France have drawn a massive outpouring of unity and solidarity with those murdered. On Sunday, more than 1.5 million people in Paris marched to make common cause with the victims. Dozens of world leaders, including from Israel and the Palestinian Authority, linked arms at the march that was spearheaded by victims' families.

Marches were also held in Berlin, Brussels, Istanbul and Madrid as well as in the US and Canada.

In his first remarks since the attacks, Indonesia's President Joko Widodo said his country condemned threats of any kind and called for mutual respect and consideration.

In Singapore, Foreign Affairs and Law Minister K. Shanmugam signed a condolence book for the victims of the terrorist killings at the French embassy yesterday. He said the "barbaric" attacks were the acts of "sick and mad people" and had nothing to do with issues of religion, race or nationality.

"Nothing can justify the killings," he told reporters. "It's been done in the name of religion (but) no religion will have any truck with these actions."





Malaysia moves to pre-empt possible terror strikes
New law to confer wider preventive powers; security efforts stepped up
By Shannon Teoh,  Malaysia Correspondent, The Straits Times, 13 Jan 2015

MALAYSIA is accelerating security efforts to combat growing Islamic militancy at home, in the wake of last Wednesday's deadly attack on a French satirical magazine that some accuse of blaspheming Islam.

This comes as Malaysian leaders warned that the country could find itself facing a terror incident such as the one in Paris where gunmen killed 12 people.

As police stepped up security at major checkpoints, Prime Minister Najib Razak said at the weekend that enforcement agencies would share intelligence with foreign counterparts and a new anti- terror law with wider preventive powers would be introduced in March.

"The point here is to take action before an attack can happen," Datuk Seri Najib was quoted as saying by The Sunday Star.

A crackdown on suspected extremists last year nabbed nearly 50 Malaysians with alleged links to the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) militant network.

At least 39 Malaysians were confirmed to have travelled to the Middle East to join ISIS fighters and at least five have returned.

There are fears that returning fighters could pose a security threat.

The tentatively titled Prevention of Terrorism Act (Pota) will give counter-terror agents power to "incapacitate and convict terrorists before they strike", according to the New Straits Times.

Under the proposed legislation, trials can be held in a closed court to allow intelligence to be disclosed without compromising field secrets. A suspect's remand period is expected to be lengthened from 28 to 60 days - or even up to two years, the same length of time that is provided for under the former Internal Security Act.

The government last November also said Pota could allow for preventive detention and the revoking of passports of those involved in militant activities.

Police have complained that the burden of proof was currently too high to convict many suspects, who operate largely through digital media, making it difficult to pin them to evidence.

"It would be naive to discount the possibility of an attack since actors are increasingly autonomous and disparate. We are in the age of DIY terrorism," said Ms Elina Noor, assistant director for foreign policy and security studies at Malaysia's Institute of Strategic and International Studies.

Already, fears of follow-up attacks or an anti-Muslim backlash have prompted France to deploy 10,000 security personnel around the country from today.

New York City police were on alert yesterday after someone re-released a message from last September urging ISIS followers to "rise up and kill intelligence officers, police officers, soldiers, and civilians", naming the US, France, Australia and Canada.

As for the Malaysians returning from Syria, Ms Elina said they could spur recruitment and attacks on Malaysian soil, but could also provide the authorities with valuable intelligence.









EU's patchwork of anti-terror laws leaves it vulnerable
By Jonathan Eyal, Europe Correspondent In LondonThe Straits Times, 13 Jan 2015

GOVERNMENTS across Europe are rushing to draw lessons from the terrorist attacks in France, but although anti-terrorism cooperation between European states has never been better, there is still no political consensus on how to improve security on the continent.

The first priority is to prevent any copycat attacks which either try to emulate the murders in Paris or "avenge" the perpetrators.

Security chiefs in Britain have raised the threat level from "substantial" to "severe", meaning an attack is "highly likely". Protection has been tightened considerably around French embassies and community centres, particularly in London, home to about 250,000 people of French origin or nationality.

Large police forces have also been deployed around synagogues and Jewish schools in Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands, and a special meeting of European Union (EU) interior ministers will take place later this week to coordinate further measures.

Meanwhile, commanders of anti-terrorist units and special forces in Europe are poring over the details of the French security operation last week.

There is widespread admiration for the way French uniformed personnel acted, especially since not one but two different French special forces were involved: the "Intervention Group" which belongs to the paramilitary Gendarmerie and is responsible only for security outside main towns, and the elite Raid (Research, Assistance, Intervention and Dissuasion) police unit, which works in big cities.

This division of responsibilities was often criticised by France's allies as superfluous and potentially dangerous. However, when the crisis struck last week, it did not prove a hindrance, and the political leadership provided by President Francois Hollande and his Cabinet was firm.

Still, what happened in France amounts to the worst nightmare for special forces: the need not only to act simultaneously against multiple terrorist threats, but also to storm multiple terrorist hideouts at the same time, as the French had to do last Friday.

British and German military commanders are now revamping their own contingency training to make sure they have the necessary resources for similar eventualities. The numbers involved are huge: At the height of last week's crisis, some 85,000 French police officers and soldiers were engaged.

Yet beyond the confines of the intelligence and military communities, Europe's political class is already bickering over the longer- term strategy of dealing with such challenges.

The British government has responded to an appeal from MI-5, the country's domestic security agency, for more funding with an extra £100 million (S$202 million) to track down returning volunteers from the fighting in the Middle East, now assessed to represent the most immediate threat.

Similar moves are taking place in other European countries.

But a call from Mr Malcolm Rifkind, the chairman of the British Parliament's intelligence committee, to provide the country's spies with "the legal powers to intercept particularly international communications that might be relevant to preventing terrorist attacks" has already been rebuffed by the opposition Labour party.

Nor are matters any clearer at the EU level. Its executive body, the European Commission, has announced it will "put all its weight" behind a new counter-terrorism plan, as part of a larger continent-wide security strategy.

But a proposal to adopt a new law, allowing the EU as a whole to widen the collection, storage and exchange of personal information about air passengers with the United States, remains stuck in the European Parliament, where MPs fear that it may violate human rights standards.

Individual European governments are now bypassing the EU Parliament by implementing their own data collection systems on air passengers.

However, that risks embroiling them in disputes with the European Court of Justice, which in a ruling last year struck down a separate EU measure to collect data on ordinary Europeans, on the grounds that it violated human rights.

EU president Donald Tusk has announced that the next summit of European heads of states and governments will "discuss more broadly the response the EU can bring to terrorist challenges" and the "vulnerability of nations".

But the summit is scheduled for Feb 12 and by then, most of the urgency generated by the shock of the events in France would have worn off. Europe will, therefore, retain its patchwork of anti-terrorism legislation, providing the men of violence with plenty of loophole opportunities.





Fallout from Paris shootings: Asian views
The Straits Times, 13 Jan 2015

ON JAN 7, two terrorists stormed the Paris office of French satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo, killing 12. They were reportedly incensed over the magazine's repeated caricatures of Prophet Muhammad. Police later shot dead the gunmen.

Below are excerpts from newspaper editorials and columnists in the region on the Paris shootings.


Let Sedition Act stand
By WONG CHUN WAI
THE STAR, MALAYSIA

THESE terrorists have done nothing to help non-Muslims have a better understanding and appreciation of Islam, which promotes peace and tolerance.

They have, in fact, caused serious damage and have given those who push the Islamophobia agenda an excuse to take their plans a step further.

It is important to note that Muslim leaders including Prime Minister Najib Razak have come out quickly to condemn this horrendous act.

But even as we condemn the killings, there is an important lesson for the world, especially the Western world, to learn from this tragedy.

There may be no sacred cows for the Western media because of their fervent belief in the freedom of expression. But the reality is that not everyone accepts or appreciates such a principle.

And because we are so globally connected, it is no longer possible to operate just within a particular society that embraces such an approach. The media's work, from whichever part of the world, has basically become freely available to everyone...

Certainly, the right of expression does not include the right to insult what is regarded as sacred and important to any religion and, by extension, the millions of its faithful.

The Prophet, Jesus, Buddha and the Hindu gods cannot be likened to politicians who are merely human beings who can be subjected to scrutiny, which satirical magazines can target regularly.

When it comes to matters of faith, so-called rationality is not something that can be applied or used as argument for freedom of expression...

In every religion, there will always be extremists who interpret their holy books to suit their personal or political agendas. There will be people who want to act and sound like religious figures and, likewise, there will be religious figures who want to be political figures. When the line between religion and politics becomes blurred, it becomes dangerous.

Religion can be so easily manipulated because the ordinary adherents of the faith are, by nature, fearful of challenging any religious authority, especially those who dress up to look religiously pious.

I remain a believer that the Sedition Act should be kept intact simply because there should be zero tolerance for anyone whose actions or words can lead to security concerns.

But there should be a golden rule - please exercise the powers fairly. We cannot scream for certain individuals to be hauled up for sedition charges and in the same breath call for its abolition. We need to be consistent.

Let no Malaysian have the perception that some individuals or organisations have special protection that allows them to get away with offensive remarks or actions. Nor should the Sedition Act be used to shut up a political opponent or, worse, an academic who cites a case study in an article or gives a view to a newspaper.

http://www.asianewsnet.net/Killing-is-not-the-answer-70248.html




Bad taste is not a crime
EDITORIAL DESK
THE NATION, THAILAND

REGARDLESS of a magazine's editorial line, there is no justification for killing the writers and the artists. The killers called themselves Muslims but had no qualms about the fact that the vast majority of Muslims around the world did not agree with their methodology and politics or their warped version of Islam...

In Thailand, where the very concept of freedom of expression has often taken a beating because of interference by state officials and societal indifference, it's not hard for people to relate to the incident.

In fact, any society that is serious about liberty must do its best to defend such a freedom, no matter how rude or provocative these words may be. Bad taste does not constitute a crime...

The best way to counter extremism is to not let these acts get the better of us. We must hold true to our values and virtues. Straying from these principles is akin to admitting defeat.

As expected, Muslims in France and Europe are afraid of a possible backlash. But for freedom of expression to endure, it is important that this outrage and anger do not become an excuse to condemn the Muslim community because of the actions of a handful of people.

http://www.asianewsnet.net/Lets-vow-never-to-give-in-to-terrorism-70246.html




The West should review its own bans on free speech
EDITORIAL DESK
CHINA POST, TAIPEI, TAIWAN

THERE can be no qualifications in the condemnation of this kind of assault on freedom of expression. The cartoonists put their lives on the line for over a decade to put substance to the freedom to criticise and offend, the lifeblood of a free society.

Some of the cartoons by Charlie Hebdo smacked of provocative humour that, in the context of tensions with a minority that is discriminated against, may be very hurtful...

Whether Charlie Hebdo harboured ill intent, its "Islamophobia" is questionable. The publication also lampoons politicians and other religions with equal intensity...

It is also time for people in the West to re-examine some of the practices that inhibit free speech at home - it's only fair.

Issues of restrictions on freedom of speech include the ban on Holocaust denial in countries like Germany, the place of perpetration, as well as France. Of course, there are serious problems with the existence of ugly caricatures of Jews.

The centuries-old world domination libel, called the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, has been conclusively proven false and yet continues to be used by ignorant leaders in the 20th century.

Countering these will require the efforts of groups such as the Anti-Defamation League. But a ban needs to be reconsidered, because it may reinforce the festering undercurrent rather than cleanse it.

http://www.asianewsnet.net/Free-speech-must-be-upheld-even-when-it-is-provoca-70279.html




Tolerance has to evolve
By RANDY DAVID
THE PHILIPPINE DAILY INQUIRER, THE PHILIPPINES

TOLERANCE for forms of belief and behaviour different from our own is an evolutionary achievement of society.

It grows alongside increasing social diversity and complexity, finding expression in liberal laws and communication practices. Indeed, cultural progress may be measured by the extent to which societies are able to surpass the repressive intolerance of previous epochs. Not surprisingly, as in most other areas of life, such progress has been uneven.

Modern social institutions, particularly the law, prompt individuals to keep their multiple identities apart, instead of allowing any of these to determine all their interactions in everyday life. Yet, in many societies today, including those that are modern in all other respects, people continue to subject others to discrimination based on race or ethnicity, caste or class, religion, and gender, etc.

This unevenness is likewise evident in the varying degrees to which people use the primordial strands supplied by race and religion to weave their personal identities.

The freedom of expression and of the press is a highly protected right in modern democratic legal systems because of its essential vulnerability to attack by various forms of fascism.

In an earlier time, when state-sponsored dominant religions were the norm, that privileged space was given to the right to freely choose and profess one's own religion and to be entitled to respect for one's religious feelings.

The world has moved on, and while much of Europe has outgrown its religious past, the rest of humanity holds on to its religions. The two sides are trapped in their respective metaphysics, from which they cannot hope to be bailed out by a higher reason. There is no way to begin to bridge that gap except by building a culture of tolerance and respect for the other.

http://www.asianewsnet.net/Tolerance-70243.html





Merkel joining Muslim rally to promote tolerance
German Chancellor speaks out against anti-Islamic movement
The Straits Times, 14 Jan 2015

BERLIN - German Chancellor Angela Merkel was to join a Muslim community rally yesterday to promote tolerance, condemn the extremist attacks in Paris and send a rebuke to Germany's growing anti-Islamic movement.

Ahead of the vigil, seven victims of the Paris attacks were buried yesterday. French President Francois Hollande paid tribute to three police officers killed in separate incidents during the three days of violence. The four Jewish hostages who died during the siege of a kosher supermarket last Friday were buried in Jerusalem.



German President Joachim Gauck was set to address the vigil starting at 5pm GMT (1am today Singapore time) at Berlin's iconic Brandenburg Gate, organised by the Central Council of Muslims in Germany under the banner: "Let's be there for each other. Terror: not in our name!"

Dr Merkel, to be joined by most of her Cabinet ministers at the event, has spoken out against the right-wing populist Patriotic Europeans Against the Islamisation of the Occident (Pegida) and stressed on Monday that "Islam belongs to Germany". Pegida on Monday drew a record 25,000 marchers to its 12th weekly rally in Dresden, its flag-waving members holding a minute's silence for the victims of the Charlie Hebdo attacks in Paris last week.



Their latest protest was met by about 100,000 counter-demonstrators nationwide, who accused Pegida of exploiting the French attacks by Islamist gunmen. The protesters voiced support for a multicultural Germany.

Dr Merkel on Monday thanked leaders of Germany's Muslim community for quickly and clearly condemning last week's violence.

"Germany wants peaceful co-existence of Muslims and members of other religions" and yesterday's vigil would send a very strong message, she said at a joint press conference with Turkish Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoglu. The majority of the four million Muslims in Germany are of Turkish origin. Roughly half are German citizens.

Dr Merkel acknowledged the need for better dialogue between religions. She called Turkey an ally in the fight against terrorism.

Announcing yesterday's vigil, the Muslim Council and the Turkish Community of Berlin said: "We Muslims in Germany condemn the despicable terror attacks in France in the strongest terms. We want to express our solidarity with the French victims."

"There is no justification in Islam for such acts," the council said in a statement.

Germany last year received over 180,000 asylum applications, a 57 per cent rise from 2013, mostly from war-torn Syria, Afghanistan, Iraq, Eritrea and Somalia but also from Balkan countries.

Hardline Islamic groups have denounced France, Germany, the US and other allies for military operations against Al-Qaeda and militants from the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS).

French Defence Minister Jean-Yves Le Drian yesterday indicated Paris would not pull back from military operations overseas despite the Islamist violence on home soil, telling Europe 1 radio that ISIS "is an international army that has to be wiped out".

AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE, REUTERS





Charlie Hebdo to print special issue with Prophet cover
The Straits Times, 14 Jan 2015

PARIS - Charlie Hebdo will print three million copies of a special issue of the satirical magazine, depicting Prophet Muhammad on the cover, a week after an attack at its headquarters left a third of its journalists dead.

News agents reported that large numbers of customers around the country were placing orders for the magazine's first post-attack edition. Publishers of the weekly will put copies on news-stands worldwide in 16 languages today.

The issue will feature a cartoon of Prophet Muhammad crying, on a green background, and holding a board saying "Je suis Charlie", or "I am Charlie." Above his image is written "All is forgiven".



Last Wednesday's attack by two gunmen at the magazine left 12 people dead. Another gunman linked to the attackers killed a policewoman and four shoppers in a kosher food store in separate attacks in the following two days. The three gunmen were killed by police last Friday.

This week's magazine will have six or eight pages instead of the usual 16. "This won't be a tribute issue of some sort," Mr Richard Malka, Charlie Hebdo's lawyer and spokesman, told France Info radio. "We will be faithful to the spirit of the newspaper: making people laugh."

After the attack, French Culture Minister Fleur Pellerin pledged €1 million (S$1.6 million) of state money to help the publication. Google promised to give €250,000, and British daily The Guardian, €125,000. The French press association opened a bank account which is attracting donations from the public.

Charlie Hebdo has been published every Wednesday for the past 22 years. Religion, sex, death, politicians - nothing and no one has been off-limits.

Five of its best known cartoonists - who went by the pen names Charb, Honore, Cabu, Wolinski and Tignous - were among those killed in the shootings. Four members of the magazine's newsroom are still in hospital.

BLOOMBERG, REUTERS







Jittery French Jews mull over moving to Israel
The Straits Times, 14 Jan 2015

PARIS - French Jews, already feeling under siege by anti-Semitism, say the trauma of the terrorist attacks last week has left them scared, angry, unsure of their future in France and increasingly willing to consider conflict-torn Israel as a safer refuge.

"It is a war here," said Ms Jacqueline Cohen, owner of an art store on Rue des Rosiers in a Jewish neighbourhood lined with falafel and Judaica shops where many businesses were closed on Monday morning.

"After what happened, we feel safer in the centre of Tel Aviv than we do here in the heart of Paris."

Residents said their worry intensified after last Friday's terrorist attack, when a heavily armed Frenchman, Amedy Coulibaly, stormed a kosher supermarket in eastern Paris, killing four hostages and holding others captive.

So acute is the sense of insecurity among Jews that the four supermarket victims were buried in Jerusalem yesterday, partly because of fears that their graves would be desecrated in France, said Mr Serge Cwajgenbaum, secretary- general of the European Jewish Congress.

Mr Cwajgenbaum said the attack at the supermarket was a tipping point for French Jews after a recent spate of anti-Semitic attacks, including the tossing of firebombs and attacks on synagogues and shops in Jewish neighbourhoods in Paris that coincided with Israel's incursion in Gaza last summer. A French-born man was accused of gunning down four people at the Jewish museum in Brussels in May.

France was the largest source of Jews moving to Israel last year, according to the Jewish Agency for Israel, which coordinates migration to Israel.

Its director, Mr Natan Sharansky, predicted that up to 15,000 French Jews would emigrate this year, and that more than 50,000 French Jews would leave in the next few years.

There are roughly 500,000 Jews in France, which has Europe's largest Jewish population.

"There is enormous anxiety, a lot of anger and bitterness and a feeling that the Jewish community in France is under siege," Mr Cwajgenbaum said.

The French authorities said on Monday that thousands of police officers and soldiers would be deployed to protect Jewish schools and other "sensitive sites", in one of the country's biggest peacetime security operations.

But Jewish residents said the new security measures were not enough to restore frayed nerves.

Some said they were already planning to pack their bags for Israel, urged on by Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, who told French Jews on Sunday that they would be welcomed with open arms.

NEW YORK TIMES


Cherish what we have

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RECENTLY, Eastpoint Mall re-opened in my neighbourhood after being closed for renovations.

The community's Facebook page saw heated discussion as people asked why there was no Starbucks at the mall, and why the FairPrice outlet had moved to the top floor.



Singapore is a small country, and the nearest mall is often just an MRT stop away. Do we need to make a fuss over the lack of certain facilities?

We should remind ourselves to cherish what we have and appreciate the efforts to make our country a better place to live in. We also need to differentiate between must-haves and good-to-haves.

Tan Wei Jing, 16, Secondary 4 student
ST Forum, 14 Jan 2015





FairPrice unable to get better location

WE THANK Ms Tan Say Yin for her comments ("Fifth-level supermart not ideal"; last Saturday) and her support for NTUC FairPrice.

At FairPrice, we constantly strive to provide customers with a pleasant and convenient shopping experience. Where possible, we will always try to be accessible to them.

In the case of Eastpoint Mall, it would have been ideal to be on the ground floor or basement level to minimise inconvenience to customers. Unfortunately, we were unable to secure a better location within the mall.

We have noted the feedback and will work with the building management to address concerns and improve the shopping experience at FairPrice.

Peter Teo
General Manager
Supermarket Operations
NTUC FairPrice
ST Forum, 9 Jan 2015





Fifth-level supermart not ideal

AT THE newly renovated Eastpoint Mall, the FairPrice supermarket is located on the fifth level, which is not customer-friendly.

Shoppers are unable to hold on to the handrails of the escalators while carrying bags of groceries in both hands. And it is a hassle as one would have to walk around the different levels just to continue using the escalators going downwards.

The wait for the two lifts is long, and they can accommodate few people - two prams and just a few people will fill up one lift.

Also, the two service lifts are often full, with stocks being loaded and shoppers with their trolleys.

Tan Say Yin (Ms)
ST Forum, 3 Jan 2015



Driverless cars to be tested on public roads

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By Christopher Tan, The Straits Times, 14 Jan 2015

BY MARCH, a small fleet of driverless cars will start plying the one-north area as Singapore joins an exclusive but growing group of countries testing autonomous vehicles on public roads.

The Land Transport Authority (LTA) and JTC Corp have earmarked a 6km test route in the research hub for the trial.



Although the circuit consists mainly of low-traffic roads, there are stretches with moderately heavy traffic, such as Portsdown Road and Ayer Rajah Avenue.

Some likely participants have been sounded out for the one- year exercise, which may be extended. These include the Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (Smart), A*Star and ST Kinetics.

The Straits Times understands that LTA is also reaching out to car manufacturers that are working on autonomous technologies, such as Daimler and Nissan.

Dr James Fu, project leader of Smart's autonomous vehicle section, said although research in the field is being carried out by several parties, there is not much sharing of information. He said: "We're not sure how exactly others are doing this, but we're trying to see how we can do it."

Smart will be using an electric Mitsubishi iMiEV that has been retrofitted to be self-driving.

Dr Fu said one objective of the test is to advance research on the "decision-making process" of autonomous vehicles, such as how a driverless car behaves at a junction, for instance.

Germany, Japan and the US are among the first countries to allow autonomous vehicles to be tested on public roads.

While semi-automated vehicles are already available at showrooms, fully-automated models are unlikely to be on sale until at least 2020. Industry experts said this is mainly because of legislation lagging behind technological advancements.

LTA chief executive Chew Men Leong said the trial in one-north "will give us the opportunity to learn and understand the technical capabilities and infrastructural requirements necessary for automated vehicles to operate safely on public roads".


JB op nets $900k in unpaid fines from S'pore motorists

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By Danson Cheong And Lim Yi Han, The Straits Times, 14 Jan 2015

MALAYSIAN traffic police, in a six-day operation, collected more than RM2.4 million (S$900,000) in outstanding traffic fines from Singapore-registered motorists.

The operation, conducted from Dec 27 to Jan 1, caught 13,529 drivers with outstanding fines near and at Johor Baru immigration checkpoints.



Johor Traffic Police Chief Superintendent Baharudin Mat Taib told The Straits Times that more than 15,470 fines were paid during this period, with almost $500,000 paid in cash.

The rest of the fines were settled by credit card.

He added that Malaysian officers will continue to conduct such sting operations regularly.

"We will do this regularly. I would say to all drivers: We are not targeting Singaporeans. We will (conduct these operations) against all errant motorists, including Malaysians," he said.

While Superintendent Baharudin would not confirm when the next sting operation would be, sources told The Straits Times that it would likely be conducted during the Chinese New Year period when many Singapore vehicles head to Malaysia.

In total, Singapore vehicles account for 313,661 - or 37.4 per cent - of the unsettled traffic summonses issued to non-Malaysians from 2000 to 2013, according to the Malaysian police.

Many motorists with Singapore-registered cars who drive regularly into Malaysia told The Straits Times they were surprised when they were stopped at Malaysian police roadblocks.

Mr Steve Keh, 40, a Singapore permanent resident who lives in Taman Perling in Johor and drives into Singapore daily for work, found himself on New Year's Eve facing 17 outstanding fines amounting to RM2,550.

For him, the fines - which were for offences such as speeding - dated back to 2013.

"Of course we have to pay; they take your passport and don't let you leave with your car if you don't pay," said Mr Keh, who works in the maritime industry.

Mr Francis Ng, a 55-year-old Singaporean who faced RM800 in fines, wanted a chance to explain himself and have a closer look at when and where the offences were committed.

Mr Ng, who lives in Bukit Indah in Johor and drives to Singapore three to four times a week, had five offences dating back to 2012.

"I don't even remember some of the earlier offences. How do I know if it's true?" he said.

Superintendent Baharudin rubbished allegations from motorists that some of these offences were bogus.

"We do not force people to pay their summonses without proof," he said.

"My advice to Singaporeans is to check whether they have summonses at the traffic police station and to please pay."





Malaysia clamps down on cars that owe traffic fines: How to pay them?
The Straits Times, 14 Jan 2015

Malaysia authorities have tightened checks on Singapore-registered cars that owe traffic fines across the Causeway.

Late last month and this month, some drivers were surprised when they were stopped by Malaysian police, and asked to pay multiple traffic fines on the spot.

According to a Straits Times report, there are 313,661 summonses for Singapore-registered vehicles still outstanding, and 4,621 arrest warrants that have been issued against repeat offenders from Singapore.

Malaysia is also working to set up a blacklist of repeat traffic offenders to block them from driving in, said the article published on Dec 12 last year.

For those who do not wish to be surprised when visiting Malaysia, you can check if you have outstanding summons online.

Both Malaysian and foreign drivers can pay their fines through Malaysian government portals www.myeg.com.my and www.rilek.com.my

MyEG also has a free service to remind registered users if they have incurred new summons, it says on the website.

Drivers can also pay their fines at Malaysia post offices and police stations.


NParks nabs more for poaching, illegal fishing

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Rise in notices of offences, but this may partly be due to better enforcement
By Feng Zengkun, Environment Correspondent, The Straits Times, 14 Jan 2015

CASES of poaching in Singapore's parks and nature reserves appear to be on the rise, although this could be partly due to greater enforcement efforts.

The National Parks Board (NParks) handed out 273 notices of offences for poaching last year, up from 191 notices in 2013 and 106 in 2012.

Illegal fishing made up the bulk of the cases. Poaching of other animals and plants made up just 21 of the 570 notices in the past three years.

The agency provided these figures in response to queries. It is now investigating a case of alleged illegal fishing within the Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve last Sunday.

A member of the public who alerted the agency also e-mailed photos of the alleged incident to the media purportedly showing people pulling a net from the reserve's water while sitting on a makeshift floating platform.

NParks said yesterday that it had sent officers to the scene immediately after being notified.

With the help of the police, the people allegedly involved in the activity were questioned and the net was confiscated.

The agency was unable to provide more information as investigations are ongoing.

A spokesman noted that Singapore's nature reserves cover a large area of some 4,000ha.

"One of our challenges in managing them is when people conduct activities such as illegal fishing and poaching in the reserves," he said.

To curtail such acts, NParks conducts regular patrols, including at night, with the help of volunteers whom it trains.

"For the Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve in particular... when our officers on patrol spot people outside the reserve boundary attempting to enter the reserve to set up nets, we work together with the police to advise them not to continue with their activities," said the spokesman.

He added that through such preventive measures, there are few instances of illegal fishing in the Sungei Buloh reserve.

In the past three years, NParks has issued just three notices of offences for this.

Almost all of the 549 illegal fishing cases from 2012 to last year took place in other parks and nature reserves.

Under the Parks and Trees Act, anyone who removes an animal or plant from a national park or nature reserve without permission can be fined up to $50,000 or jailed up to six months, or both, upon conviction.

Mr Solomon Anthony, 36, a volunteer at the Sungei Buloh reserve, said he had seen poachers laying nets early in the morning to avoid being caught, and they usually collect the nets in the evening when there are fewer people.

He had alerted NParks, "but these poachers usually do their work in the reserve's fringes, which makes it easier for them to get away", he said.


Savings fund won't help foreign workers

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ASK: NUS ECONOMISTS
By Ivan Png, Published The Straits Times, 14 Jan 2015


Should the Government convert the foreign worker levy into a savings fund for these workers?

AS OF June last year, there were 1.34 million foreigners in Singapore, constituting 38 per cent of our total workforce.

The overwhelming majority of the foreigners are the 1.05 million working under S-passes or work permits. The Government regulates the employment of foreign workers under S-passes and work permits in two ways.

Each employer gets a foreign worker quota as a multiple of the number of Singapore workers. In addition, employers must pay the Government a foreign worker levy ranging between $250 and $950 a month.

Concerned for the welfare of foreign workers, business leader Ho Kwon Ping called for the levy to be channelled to a personal savings fund for them. If such a fund is set up for foreign workers, they would benefit from the savings when they leave Singapore.

Mr Ho's scheme is seemingly attractive. It would not add to employers' costs (indeed, as I explain below, it might reduce employers' costs). The fund would present the foreign workers with a nice farewell gift, leaving them with fond memories of Singapore when they return home. (Only the Government would lose, as the several billion dollars in levies are redirected to the savings fund.)

But, will Mr Ho's scheme actually work - in the sense of improving the welfare of foreign workers? Not likely. Essentially because the supply of workers from foreign countries to Singapore vastly exceeds the demand. How do we know that?

In a lecture at the National University of Singapore, non-governmental organisation Transient Workers Count Too (TWC2) vice-president Alex Au explained that "a price mechanism kicks in. Instead of employers paying to get workers, workers pay to get jobs". Among Bangladeshi construction workers surveyed by TWC2, the average fee was $7,256.

Mr Ho's scheme would simply add more millions to the millions of foreign workers already keen to work in Singapore. So, the excess of the supply over the demand from Singapore employers would be even larger.

How would the market equilibrate? Which of the millions of foreign workers would get those jobs in Singapore which would become even more attractive? Very likely through workers paying more in placement fees to intermediaries and employers reducing wages. The workers themselves might not benefit at all.

While well intended, conversion of the foreign worker levy to a savings fund would not benefit workers by very much.

The essential reasons are twofold. One, the foreign workers are willing to work for much less than the prevailing wage for foreign workers in Singapore. So, any increase in foreign worker pay would attract a greater supply of workers. The other reason is that the foreign workers have little bargaining power. Hence, agents and brokers who provide access to Singapore jobs can extract any additional pay in higher fees and commissions. Alternatively, given that workers get more through the savings fund, employers may cut the wages that they pay.

The same analysis applies to any scheme to increase the pay of foreign workers, whether directly or indirectly. The scheme would mainly benefit agents, brokers and employers, whom I suspect no Singaporean feels any need to enrich.

The writer is a Distinguished Professor at the NUS Business School and departments of economics and information systems, National University of Singapore.


Parts of Geylang to be rezoned

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Aim to halt building of more homes, to rebalance mix of developments
By Cheryl Ong, The Straits Times, 14 Jan 2015

SOME parts of the infamous red-light district in Geylang may be rezoned to halt the development of more homes.

The area is now a hodgepodge of shophouses, eateries, freehold properties and even brothels - a diverse mix that could cause "issues arising from conflicting uses", said the Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) yesterday.



Ms Hwang Yu-Ning, group director of physical planning at URA, said: "With more new residential developments in the area, there has been increasing... friction on the ground.

"In our assessment, the growth of new residential communities in the area of Lorongs 4-22 Geylang needs to be rebalanced and moderated."

The URA wants to reclassify areas bounded by Geylang Road, Lorong 22 Geylang, Guillemard Road and Lorong 4 Geylang from "residential/institution" to a new "commercial/institution" zoning once it consults the police and "other agencies".

The rezoned areas could then be used for offices, shops, entertainment outifts such as karaoke joints, or a community club, instead of new residential units.

The affected areas exclude roads, a sports field bounded by Talma Road and Lorong 12 Geylang as well as properties fronting Geylang Road.



The proposed changes would not affect existing or new residential projects that have already been given the green light.

Developments such as Le Regal and Treasures@G6 are now being built in the affected area. However, if they were to be sold in a collective sale, for instance, the new developments could not be residential buildings under the new zoning.

Ms Chia Siew Chuin, director of research and advisory at Colliers International, estimated that there will be almost 300 new homes completed in the area over the next few years - adding more residents who might not appreciate the sleazy activity going on under their noses.

Ms Christine Li, research head at OrangeTee, said a change in land use should bode well for existing residents as values of commercial properties are typically higher. This could stir up interest from developers keen to amalgamate the residential clusters for a sizeable commercial complex, said Mr Desmond Sim, research head at CBRE, South-east Asia.

But the challenge lies in negotiating with the numerous individual owners in the area. Redeveloping the land could be costly as well as development charges are higher for commercial land.

Development charges for a 1,500 sq m commercial plot would be $12.9 million as compared to $3.5 million for a similar residential parcel, noted Ms Li.

Members of the public can submit their feedback in writing to the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of National Development, by Feb 11.


SIT to accept record 2,080 students this year

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It will offer five new degrees in areas with 'huge demand' for specialists
By Sandra Davie, Senior Education Correspondent, The Straits Times, 14 Jan 2015

THE university for polytechnic upgraders - the Singapore Institute of Technology (SIT) - will offer five new degrees and take in a record 2,080 students this year.

SIT, which used to offer only degrees in partnership with overseas universities, started offering its own degrees last year, when it took in 1,800 students.

This year, it will offer four of its own degrees - in building services engineering, pharmaceutical engineering, information security and hospitality business.

It will also offer a joint engineering degree in electromechanical systems, where students learn to design and develop complex systems that can range from a robot to a transportation system.

The degree is offered jointly with the DigiPen Institute of Technology from Redmond, Washington, which is renowned for its computer engineering courses.

Professor Tan Thiam Soon, president of SIT, said the new degrees are in areas where there is a huge demand for specialists.

"They are areas where our students will be able to find good jobs, have good career prospects and which will transform Singapore's economy," he said, noting that SIT's aim is to nurture best-in-class specialists with deep knowledge and skills in a particular field.

Another course with good prospects is the building services engineering course.

SIT provost Ting Seng Kiong pointed out that the construction industry continues to grow at an average of 10 per cent yearly.

And all buildings in Singapore, old and new, must now undergo the Green Mark certification process by 2020 to be environmentally friendly. Singapore aims to have 80 per cent of all buildings attain the Green Mark certification by 2030.

Prof Tan said students entering the five new courses will spend eight months to a year on the work-study programme, which is designed to be more in-depth and structured than a traditional industrial attachment.

SIT, which now operates from an interim campus in Dover Road, has also set up an Enterprise & Innovation Hub (E&I Hub), where its students will work on projects suggested by firms.

Projects undertaken by students and faculty in the E&I Hub will be different, said Prof Tan.

"In many universities, they are projects brought in by professors that interest them. For SIT, we will ask the industry or firms to bring to us projects or problems they need to solve. In that sense, it will truly cater to industry needs."

One course that will meet industry needs is the hospitality course.

Professor David Jones, head of the hospitality degree course, noted that SIT's degree is called hospitality business and not hospitality management, which is focused more on the operations side of running hotels and events.

"What has been lacking that we at SIT are addressing is that, today, running a hotel chain is big business. It is not just about operations any more. It's about understanding the business side of it," he said.

With the additions, SIT will offer 36 degree courses, of which seven are its own. These include three of its own degrees in infrastructure engineering, software engineering and accountancy launched last year.

Its other partner overseas universities include the Technical University of Munich and the Culinary Institute of America.




WHAT'S NEW
- Four SIT degrees in building services engineering, pharmaceutical engineering, information security and hospitality business
- An engineering degree in electromechanical systems, offered jointly by SIT and the DigiPen Institute of Technology from Redmond, Washington


Singapore steps up efforts to stay free of corruption

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CPIB's manpower to be boosted, anti-graft laws being reviewed
By Tham Yuen-C, The Straits Times, 14 Jan 2015

SINGAPORE is reviewing its anti-graft laws and will hire more officers to fight corruption, as the nation seeks to maintain its clean image.

It will also set up a one-stop centre for people to report incidents of graft.

Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, in announcing the moves yesterday, said that while Singapore's system is generally "clean and maintains high standards", the problem of corruption "will never disappear completely".



He also referred to the drop in Singapore's ranking on Transparency International's annual list of countries seen as being the least corrupt in the world. Singapore fell two notches to No. 7 last year.

The slide, Mr Lee said, could have been due to recent high-profile corruption cases involving senior civil servants.

These included a sex-for-contracts case of a top officer in the civil defence force and the misappropriation of funds by a head of a branch of the Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau (CPIB).

Mr Lee was speaking at a conference organised by the CPIB and Civil Service College on maintaining integrity in the public sector.

He told the 600 public servants at the session that since Singapore's rankings on corruption and transparency can affect investors' confidence and the country's world standing, it must not only uphold but also enhance its reputation for cleanliness.

To achieve the goal, the Government is reviewing the Prevention of Corruption Act, Singapore's principal anti-corruption law enacted in 1960.

It will also increase the CPIB's manpower by more than 20 per cent as corruption cases have become more complex, some with international links.

The bureau's current staff strength is about 120, according to last year's Budget estimates.

In addition, a corruption reporting centre will be set up in an accessible place in the city, to make it easier for people to make complaints.

In his speech, PM Lee also reminded the officers that integrity was key in helping Singapore stay exceptional in the next 50 years.

"If any of you does something wrong, and breaches that trust, you not only let down the public service and yourself, but you are also letting Singaporeans down, and you can do a lot of damage."

Public servants, he said, have been able to do good work because of the trust Singaporeans have in them.

Maintaining this trust, through a policy of zero tolerance for corruption, is crucial.

Singapore is a "shining exception" in a world where corruption is a problem in many countries, Mr Lee noted. But, he said: "This level of trust the Singapore Public Service enjoys, and this degree of cleanliness in the public service, is a most unnatural state of affairs.

He urged them: "So work doubly hard to maintain the trust you've earned."

To do so, the public service mustpunish culprits, regardless of rank and seniority.

Its leaders must also lead by example and abide by high standards.

Mr Lee said integrity is not just a public service value, but one firmly ingrained in Singapore society. "This is the real achievement for us... that we have created an anti-corruption culture in Singapore."

Following his speech, the officers had a closed-door dialogue with PM Lee, Deputy Prime Minister Teo Chee Hean and civil service college dean Kwek Mean Luck.







Officers who refused bribes lauded
By Tham Yuen-C, The Straits Times, 14 Jan 2015

SERGEANT Samuel Anandaraj Anthonyraj was drawing a salary of $2,800 a month from the Singapore Civil Defence Force (SCDF) when he was offered a $1,000 bribe by a drunk driver last year.

The man had slammed his car into a taxi at the junction of Upper Serangoon Road and Hougang Avenue 3, and wanted to leave before the police arrived.

He took out a $1,000 bill and signalled to Sgt Samuel to "close" the case. But the off-duty officer from Sengkang Fire Station, who had witnessed the accident, stopped him from leaving.

Sgt Samuel, 29, told The Straits Times: "It was a lot of money... but as an individual, you must do the right thing."

His actions led Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong to cite him as an "exemplary officer" yesterday at a conference on maintaining integrity in the public service, organised by the Civil Service College and held at Suntec City Convention Centre.



Another role model honoured by Mr Lee was police sergeant Goh Wee Kian.

Last year, a foreign woman detained in Geylang for vice activities shoved her handbag at the officer from the Criminal Investigation Department, offering him all the money in it. He reported her to his superiors. "I felt offended," said Sergeant Goh, 27, yesterday. "Do I look like someone who would take the money?"

Both men said recent cases of corruption involving public servants were demoralising. The SCDF and the police were hit by corruption scandals in 2012 involving two top officers. One was acquitted, while the other was found guilty and jailed.

Said Sgt Goh: "The public may think we are all corrupt."

Sgt Samuel said the cases served as a wake-up call: "They remind us not to go there. But we also have to move forward and put it all behind us."



Should secular beat out sacred to secure space?

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The case of commercial big boys winning the bid for a temple site in Sengkang offers an opportunity for dialogue on land-use models and review of tender process
By Melody Zaccheus, The Straits Times, 15 Jan 2015

THE church near your home, or the temple by your child's school, may also be a house of death, in that it has a columbarium to hold the ashes of the dead. Chances are, many Singaporeans weren't too aware of this. Or didn't really care.

Until last month, that is.

That's when news broke that future residents of Fernvale Lea in Sengkang were upset to learn that a columbarium would be built near their new Housing Board flats.

The HDB's brochure for the Build-To-Order development shows the 2,000 sq m, 30-year leasehold site in Fernvale Link would include a Chinese temple. At the bottom of the page, a disclaimer in fine print says "places of worship may also include columbarium as an ancillary use".

It was not just this that raised eyebrows. It turned out that the winning tenderer for the site last July was a commercial, profit-focused entity - Eternal Pure Land, a subsidiary of an Australian listed company. Its hefty $5.2 million bid beat bids by faith-based organisations of $4 million (Taoist) and $1.8 million (Buddhist).

Although the HDB's tender process allows anyone - including individuals, religious groups and corporate entities - to bid for a place of worship site, it is the first time a commercial entity has won such a parcel independent of any links to a religious organisation.

While some future residents worry about issues like the resale value of their flats, at a broader level, the case puts the HDB's open tender process under the spotlight, with many also questioning if commercial interests should be allowed to develop a space reserved for worship.

It also indirectly highlights issues of community access for smaller faith-based groups which rely on their own fund-raising to obtain places of worship in expensive, land-scarce Singapore.

The current situation

FAITH groups, religious academics and property commentators have told The Straits Times that it is highly unusual for businesses to take part in tenders for religious sites, much less win a bid.

Such sites are usually contested only by faith groups. Tender records on the HDB's website dating back to 1991 show this. They also show that individual members from these faith groups - for instance, wealthy businessmen - have on occasion launched bids on the groups' behalf.

The only other time a business got involved was in 2000 - for a Chinese temple and funeral parlour site in Bedok North Avenue 4. Even then, the business, Tan Holding, did this in partnership with the Lorong Koo Chye Sheng Hong Temple Association.

The HDB and Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) last week said Eternal Pure Land must adhere strictly to the tender conditions and preserve the intent of the site as a Chinese temple.

They added that the company had affirmed its commitment to running a Chinese temple there to serve the community.

But such an open, unfiltered bidding system means more companies can stride in, plonk down several million dollars and snap up a hotly contested site meant for religious use. This rewards groups that are big and rich, said Mr Ku Swee Yong, chief executive of real estate agency Century 21.

Easily outpricing religious groups, these businesses would also be delving into a sector already facing a severe space crunch.

Government land parcels for places of worship are rare and released only intermittently.

The URA - which decides how land is used - allocates such parcels based on population demography, distribution of existing places of worship, ease of access for the community, and any potential impact on the surroundings.

It works with agencies such as the Ministry of Culture, Community and Youth and the HDB to study the demand and provision of sites for places of worship. The Islamic Religious Council of Singapore, a statutory board which oversees 68 mosques, also works with these agencies.

These sites are then safeguarded and zoned for place of worship use in the Master Plan.

HDB acts as a land sales agent for the State and calls tenders for these sites. Government agencies work together to determine if each site is to be designated as a church, or a Chinese or Hindu temple, at the time of tender.

Only one or two such sites are released each year, usually as towns develop. That may not be enough to meet demand from religious groups: about 300 churches under the wing of the National Council of Churches of Singapore; 31 Catholic churches; over 130 temples and societies registered under the Singapore Buddhist Federation; more than 500 temples under the Taoist Federation; and about 40 Hindu temples.

As many as 11 groups might contest one site, as in the 1996 tender for a 2,500 sq m plot for a Chinese temple in Jurong West Street 76 where the Singapore Soka Association now stands. Its winning bid was $6.3 million.

The space crunch resulting in high bids explains why smaller churches unable to get their own premises may be driven to hold services in unconventional spaces like cinemas.

The way forward

SOME real estate observers said corporate and religious partnerships could be the way forward, as businesses are resource-rich and have expertise in property development.

Such an arrangement could work for cash-strapped small and medium-sized religious groups, which spend years raising funds among devotees for their expansion needs.

The 3,500-member BW Monastery in Geylang, for example, has spent five years raising funds for a four-storey temple in Woodlands Avenue 6. But the Buddhist society has so far raised only half of the $20 million it needs by 2017.

A tie-up with a corporate body could work in other ways: Last month, the Ministry of National Development said it was exploring the idea of multi-storey hubs for related religious groups, as a way to ease the space crunch.

Some have suggested that a commercial entity could develop such a complex, and lease space to religious groups. Faith groups will not have to fork out a large sum upfront.

Experts said it could also benefit the State, which would need to work with just a single leasee.

But all 10 religious leaders The Straits Times spoke to said they would rather set their own conditions as guided by their religious doctrines than risk being dictated to by profit-hungry shareholders.

They listed several downsides to corporate and religious tie-ups, such as corporations imposing hefty rents on faith groups. There could also be a clash in beliefs and philosophies between a developer and a religious group.

Buddhism, for instance, is not about personal or financial gain, noted Reverend Guna Siri, the resident monk of the Bodhiraja Buddhist Society in Geylang.

"People go to a place of worship to pray and for their spiritual development. Devotees and the community must be at the forefront of any project," he said.

What needs to change

THE open bidding system sends the message that the authorities prioritise the economic value of such transactions, but not the social and spiritual values, said political observer Eugene Tan, associate professor of law at the Singapore Management University.

He said the authorities "owe the moral responsibility" to articulate to the community why commercial entities have been allowed to come into the picture.

Sentiment on the ground and across religious quarters has been largely against the corporatisation of religion.

But this does not mean that the tender process should be restricted to allow only religious associations to place bids.

Some flexibility should still be afforded so that religious groups can continue to have the option of partnering with their own wealthy members, affiliated business arms or independent commercial entities on their own accord.

Still, tweaks should be made to the system to prevent a recurrence of the Sengkang situation, where a corporate entity enters the religious arena as a business.

This could include adding a layer of checks during the application process. For one thing, applicants should, from the get-go, submit documents establishing their links to the religious society that will eventually be located at the site. In the Sengkang case, it is still unclear which religious group will be housed in the Fernvale Link temple, alongside the planned columbarium.

Other processes should be in place to ensure that a business can profit only to a "certain degree", and that religious services continue to be accessible to the common man, said Institute of Policy Studies' senior research fellow Mathew Mathews.

Making these review processes and evaluations public could help bolster the process' transparency.

An HDB spokesman said: "While an entity can choose to bid for a place of worship site, whether it would be successful or not is a different matter... as the bids are subject to evaluation."

SLP International's Mr Nicholas Mak suggested including places of worship sites that are up for tender in the Government Land Sales programme on URA's website. The GLS list, published twice a year, details residential, commercial, hotel, and mixed use land parcels that will be up for sale in the next six months.

Putting religious sites into the mix will give residents a holistic overview of the different developments coming up in their neighbourhoods. "This is crucial, as there will be greater scrutiny of land transactions from here on as we put more users with different land needs within the same square metre," said Mr Mak.

Instead of letting a one-off incident set a precedent, the Sengkang case has presented an opportunity for the system to be reviewed even as the tussle for space intensifies. It is also a chance for groups across faith circles to put their heads together and work with the authorities to develop new land-use models that can better address their needs.

If that is the outcome, the Fernvale columbarium saga would then prove to be more than a storm in a teacup. It would have lasting impact - not only on the dead, but also very much on the living.


Major makeover of Mandai zoo precinct to be led by Temasek Holdings and STB

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First phase of project to create nature precinct to cost $1 billion
By Mok Fei Fei, The Straits Times, 15 Jan 2015

A RAINFOREST park and elevated walkways could be among the new features in a major makeover of Mandai, transforming it into a world-class nature precinct.

Temasek Holdings was yesterday named as the Singapore Tourism Board's (STB) partner in the project, with the first phase estimated to cost some $1 billion.



Temasek owns 88 per cent of Wildlife Reserves Singapore (WRS), which operates the existing stable of zoos, as well as Jurong Bird Park.

In September last year, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong said Mandai would be transformed, with a bigger and better zoo by about 2020, adding that Jurong Bird Park could be moved there.

The Singapore Zoo is located in Mandai, along with the Night Safari and the River Safari.

The area to be developed is outside the nature reserves, and includes a former orchid farm and an abandoned village.

Details of the new attractions were not given, but The Straits Times understands that larger aviaries in a more natural environment could be in the works.

A rainforest safari may also be included, where visitors would be able to walk on suspension bridges to view the forest canopy.

Announcing the Temasek-STB tie-up, the Ministry of Trade and Industry said yesterday that the Mandai project will have a total site area of 120ha when completed, including current attractions. New public spaces and waterfront trails are set to be built.

Mr S. Iswaran, Minister in the Prime Minister's Office and Second Minister for Trade and Industry and Home Affairs, said in the statement: "With the expertise and experience it has gained from WRS, and its international network, Temasek will be able to create outstanding content for a world-class development in Mandai."

An environmental impact assessment will be carried out.

Temasek head of enterprise development group Dilhan Pillay Sandrasegara said in a separate statement: "We aim to do this through an integrated, sustainable and inclusive approach, with Mandai developing as a nature destination to celebrate and protect our biodiversity."


SG50 a good chance to share the Singapore story: S Iswaran

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Second Trade and Industry Minister S Iswaran shared his insights about the outlook for Singapore's tourism sector, as the country marks its 50th anniversary.
By Nicole Tan, Channel NewsAsia, 15 Jan 2015

As Singapore gears up to celebrate its Golden Jubilee this year , efforts are underway to give visitors that quintessential Singapore experience. Speaking to Channel NewsAsia on Wednesday (Jan 14), Second Minister for Trade and Industry S Iswaran says the anniversary is a good opportunity to share the Singapore story.

"The Singapore story is one that has attracted a lot of attention internationally. People always wonder about how Singapore has come this far and so I think SG50 would punctuate that for them in a specific way because it is our Golden Jubilee, and I think they will be intrigued and curious to see what Singapore is doing and how we are celebrating," he said. 

The showcase Singapore Inside Out, for example, is part of the SG50 celebrations and will bring together a wide range of homegrown talent from sectors such as fashion and the arts. The showcase will visit major cities such as Beijing, New York and London.

"That will be an important aspect of taking Singapore to the world, showing aspects of Singapore that people may be surprised by and may not have anticipated," he said. The showcase returns to Singapore in November.

"Even Singaporeans may not fully appreciate the diversity of talent we have," he noted. "This is another aspect of the tourism mind because tourism is not just about physical attractions or physical facilities. It's also about the people and what we do. This sort of showcase is a marvelous example of how we can encapsulate in a very concentrated form what is interesting and unique about Singapore."

He also shared other insights about the outlook for Singapore's tourism sector.


Q: We have seen a lot of new attractions and events in recent years. How would you say the progress has been so far in rejuvenating Singapore's tourism landscape?

A: Another development that has been important in the evolution over the last decade has been the advent of the Integrated Resorts (IRs).

Both IRs, in different ways, have contributed to the tourism landscape, whether in terms of MICE (meetings, incentives, conferences, and exhibitions), leisure activities for families, and in general, F&B and retail. There is a spectrum of things they have been able to put on table. Once you incorporated iconic architecture in Marina Bay, it helped to enhance our value proposition to visitors.

There were some specific events that occured. One of them was the official opening of the River Safari. That is a new offering in the Mandai cluster. I think it has been very well received looking at the response of Singaporeans and tourists alike.

If you look at what's been achieved over a 10-year period, overall the trend has been strong. It has allowed us to benefit from the secular growth in the tourism sector in Asia. There have been occasional episodic setbacks, but overall it has been a good trend and that is the key thing we want to sustain. Singapore must be able to maintain its fair share of the growing tourism pie in Asia.


Q: What is the overall strategy adopted when selecting attractions and events?

A: If you look at how we have been evolving the tourism landscape in Singapore, there's been a significant emphasis on quality tourism. That means ensuring the experience of visitors to Singapore is a one which encourages them to stay longer, and also to spend more.

There has been significant emphasis on not just attractions which are an important part of what we have to offer, but also in terms of events, activities, experiences that visitors enjoy, and also the quality of service that they expect from Singapore.

It is not just about absolute numbers of visitors, because there is a natural limit to how many people you can physically accommodate over a period of time. Growth in the absolute sense cannot be infinite. It has to focus on therefore the quality element.

In other words, how long people stay, how much they spend and the kind of experience that they have. That will then to some extent allow for a more balanced way of growing the tourism sector in Singapore.


Q: Major sporting events like the Formula One night race and WTA Finals have also found a place on Singapore's events calendar. Is sports an area of opportunity for Singapore, and are there plans to keep bringing in new games?

A: From the Singapore Tourism Board's (STB) perspective and the Ministry of Trade and Industry's perspective in general, we really want to focus on events that would have not just a specific appeal to the sporting segment but those that can be built into larger lifestyle events, so that other segments of the market would be attracted to get involved.

If you look at what happened with F1, it was not just an event for motor sports enthusiasts, but also others who are interested because of the event itself and all the other things that take place around it, including the concerts and F&B.

STB appreciates the fact that sports events can be an important part of the tourism ecosystem. So it will be working with the private sector and Government to see what other sort of events we can focus on, in order to populate Singapore's sports calendar in an interesting way.


Sectarianism rears its head as ASEAN launches community

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By Michael Vatikiotis, Published The Straits Times, S.E.A. View, 15 Jan 2015

THIS year will see the formal unveiling of ASEAN as a community. Sadly, this momentous step is being taken amid alarming signs of widening fissure and friction among South-east Asia's half a billion people. The principle reason for this is the weakening of traditional forms of religious tolerance.

Across much of South-east Asia, people have for centuries managed to sustain deep adherence to their faiths without religious identity disrupting communal harmony. In the towns and cities of populous Java in Indonesia, Muslims, Christians and Hindu-Buddhists have traditionally coexisted peacefully. Churches sit next to mosques, and the traces of ancient Hindu practices suffuse the rituals of both religions.

In predominantly Buddhist Thailand, Muslims have enjoyed protection for centuries, and the laws of most countries in South-east Asia provide for freedom of worship and the protection of religious traditions and faiths.

This may be changing, with the alarming emergence of sectarian conflict across the region. In Indonesia, where religious tolerance and pluralism are enshrined in the Constitution, violent conflicts involving attacks on Muslim minority sects like the Ahmadiyya, and Christian churches have been increasing steadily over the past five years. Muslim pressure groups like the Front to Protect Islam have forced city and district administrations to shut down Christian churches, curb the sale of alcohol and enforce strict observance of Islamic law.

In Malaysia, where the Islamic faith lies at the heart of the Malay-majority identity, there has been a steady drift towards intolerance of the cultures and traditions of the still sizeable Indian and Chinese communities. Hindu temples and Christian churches find it harder to get official operating permits. In tiny Brunei, where syariah law has been in place since last year, Christmas decorations were banned.

Protecting the faith

EVEN more alarming has been the relatively recent emergence of acute intolerance in the Buddhist-majority communities of Myanmar towards long-established Muslim minorities. The Theravada Buddhism that predominates in South-east Asia is perceived as a benign, peaceful faith based on the teachings of the Buddha. But like other religious faiths, the ideals of human kindness mask a strong protective instinct. "It is also our duty to protect the faith," said a mild-mannered abbot from the central city of Mandalay, who is trying to teach his followers the basics of mediation because he sees conflicts within the community over land and identity growing more serious as the country becomes more open.

Communal violence erupted in Myanmar's Rakhine state in 2012. The state's Buddhist majority have lived in awkward but mainly peaceful coexistence with a Muslim minority who have called themselves Rohingya for generations. The violence has not only forced the two communities apart and created a humanitarian crisis for the Rohingya, who live in terrible conditions in poorly equipped camps, but more than a 100,000 of them have left in boats to end up being smuggled or trafficked as cheap labour in Thailand and Malaysia.

What began as localised anti-Muslim sentiment has since spread to other parts of Myanmar, fuelled by Buddhist nationalist sentiment spread via social media. These networks have been used to spread hate speech and, in at least one incident of violence against Muslims in Mandalay last year, rumours of a rape spread via social media turned out to be false. Sadly, manipulation by political actors is largely responsible as the country struggles to manage a hesitant democratic transition.

Identity and politics

WHY has religious sectarianism reared its ugly head in a region long proud of its traditions of tolerance? First, reflecting a global trend, people of all faiths have become more religiously observant. Prosperity and development have subjected traditional societies to stress and loosened the moorings of cultural identity. Religion is a refuge and becomes a stronger marker of identity.

At the same time, more openly contested politics in the age of democratic transition has, for better or worse, created the need for platforms to mobilise voters. But poorly developed political parties, especially in emerging democratic contexts, means there is a dearth of sophisticated programmes with which to woo voters. Faith and religious identity present themselves as useful surrogates for aspiration and affiliation based on secular ideals.

More pronounced stress on faith has helped sharpen differences of identity. This in turn highlights differences between communities that were less evident in past generations. Islamic piety in particular has a transformative effect on mixed communities - mosques grow bigger, the call to prayer louder, clothing and the appearance of people become more distinctive. Communities that once considered themselves Indonesian or Malaysian, Thai or Burmese, now seem more starkly differentiated.

In conversations with Buddhist leaders, one hears concerns about this greater differentiation. Why do Muslims look and act so differently today when they did not yesterday? This fear of difference leads to moves to govern interaction, such as the Bill that would prevent intermarriage between Muslims and Buddhists being debated in Myanmar's Parliament. Also, Malaysian Muslims have objected to the use of the word "Allah" as a generic term for God by Malaysian Christians.

The problem with this widening religious divide is that it is hard for moderate voices to prevail. When a group of prominent Malays in Malaysia raised their voice to express concern about the threat to pluralism posed by disputes over the application of Islamic laws, conservative Muslim scholars insisted that, since Muslims were the majority in Malaysia, they had a right to be governed by Islamic law.

In Myanmar, those who question the harsh rhetoric against Muslims are deemed to be unpatriotic. In Indonesia, a newspaper that published a cartoon critical of the militant Islamic State in Iraq and Syria saw its editor being officially accused of blasphemy, even though ISIS is a banned organisation in Indonesia.

All this points to a worrying fissure between South-east Asia's two great religions that could divide the region just as it moves closer towards greater social and economic integration. The majority of Buddhists live in the mainland states, while Muslims dominate the island states. Movements on a micro-scale are already detectable.

Muslims from Myanmar's mainly Buddhist Rakhine state are finding their way to Muslim-majority Malaysia; Buddhists from Thailand's three southern-most provinces, where Malay Muslims are a majority, are leaving after a decade of ethnic conflict that has left more than 6,000 dead.

Without a doubt, South-east Asia's traditional models of pluralism and tolerance are under stress. Before ASEAN can really become a community, its leaders must move fast to shore up and protect long-established traditions of tolerance and coexistence.

The writer, who lives in Singapore, is the Asia regional director of the Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue, a Geneva-based peacemaking organisation.

S.E.A. View is a weekly column on South-east Asian affairs.


Challenges facing China's move to slower lane

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From a "demographic dividend" driven by abundant labour, China now has to cope with slower growth. Apart from innovation and technological progress, the "reform dividend" from further market reforms will be most critical for China's future growth in the New Normal.
By John Wong, Published The Straits Times, 14 Jan 2015

CHINA'S economic growth has lost momentum. Final gross domestic product (GDP) figures for last year are slated for release on Jan 20 but growth is likely to be around 7.3 per cent, the lowest in 15 years and a marked decline from the 7.7 per cent of 2013. With the economy still facing a lot of headwinds, growth for this year may slow further to 7.1 per cent, or even 7 per cent.

President Xi Jinping, however, has openly embraced this moderate growth as the New Normal.

At the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation meeting in Beijing in November last year, he publicly dismissed any potential risk from such a slowdown as something that is really "not so scary". Indeed what is "low growth" for China is still very high growth by both regional and global standards.

In any case, it is true that China, an economic mammoth of US$10 trillion (S$13.3 trillion) in total GDP, should not be growing at its former breakneck rates.

A growth of merely 7 per cent for China will generate an increase in GDP in one year that equals more than two-thirds of Indonesia's total GDP and one-third of India's total GDP. The latest growth figures for Indonesia and India were only 5 per cent and 5.3 per cent respectively.

China's economic growth has decelerated since 2010. But it is only recently that the Chinese leadership has come out to endorse this lower growth threshold as the New Normal.

Why might this be so?

First, President Xi and his economic policy colleagues have obviously come to terms with the fact that all high growth has to come to an end.

China chalked up double-digit rates of hyper-growth for over three decades (averaging 9.8 per cent a year for 1979-2013 and 10.5 per cent for 2001-2012). That is a much longer stretch than that attained by the East Asian "tiger" economies of Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and Singapore.

More significantly, China's major sources of growth have, in recent years, been fast depleted or seriously weakened.

Structural factors slowing growth

FOR years, China's growth has been mainly investment driven. But excess capacities in its many heavy industries, coupled with the cooling housing market, have recently depressed domestic investment. Domestic consumption (very low, at about 40 per cent of GDP) has not risen fast enough to compensate for the decline in domestic investment. Meanwhile, external demand has plummeted due to the erosion of China's export competitiveness as wages rise and the yuan appreciates.

China's major growth drivers on the demand side have, in varying degrees, been weakened.

On the supply side, China's past growth was associated with the transfer of its surplus labour from low-productivity agriculture to higher-productivity manufacturing. But such growth potential is fast being exhausted.

The population in the age group of 15-64 peaked in 2010 at 74.5 per cent, with the labour supply reaching the so-called Lewis Turning Point, when there is no more cheap agricultural workforce to be tapped.

Though immediate labour shortages have not yet resulted, it does imply that China has spent its "demographic dividend" (its youthful workforce) and is losing comparative advantage for a wide range of labour-intensive manufacturing activities.

At the same time, the relatively easy productivity gains in the early periods of market reforms plus technological progress from imported new machines and equipment are now things of the past.

Together, these point to a period of slower growth.

Also a 'policy induced' slowdown

OTHER non-structural reasons explain China's slowdown. These can be traced to policy decisions.

Mr Xi's relentless campaign against corruption and rent-seeking activities, which helped him to consolidate power, has generated collateral damage to economic growth in the short run.

The anti-extravagance measures covering official travel, official dinners and other perks have reportedly reduced domestic consumption. Corruption investigations at various levels of government have created uncertainty in the bureaucracy, leading to inaction of government officials and even political paralysis, particularly at the local level.

In the financial sector, too, a clampdown on local government debt and shadow banking has created a macroeconomic environment that is squeezing economic growth.

More critical is the Chinese government's own changed perception on the nature of economic growth.

In 1979, Deng Xiaoping launched economic reforms to maximise economic growth for China - "to get rich is glorious". China's economic policymakers have since followed the single-minded pursuit of GDP growth, almost at all costs.

This sparked off double-digit rates of growth for over three decades, with China's per-capita GDP in 2013 about 100 times more than that in 1979.

However, such a blatant GDP pursuit as an end in itself comes with high social costs, ranging from high income inequality (Gini ratio at 0.48) to such undesirable by-products (negative externalities) as serious air and water pollution.

Mr Xi has clearly made a decisive departure from China's time-honoured GDP-dominated pro-growth policy. Thus, China's National Bureau of Statistics, which compiles the country's GDP accounts, was instructed to take steps to end "GDP supremacy" by radically revising its conventional GDP accounting to give higher weights to other "quality aspects" of growth.

This means China's future economic growth performance will not be driven by GDP increases alone. Instead, it will aim for comprehensive targets like stable growth, employment, inflation and so on.

The government is more likely to stick to its long-term goals of structural reforms and industrial upgrading, and not be distracted by short-term dips in GDP indicators. Unlike in the past, the government will be less likely to resort to unnecessary stimulus measures to artificially boost short-term GDP growth.

'Reform dividend' for future growth

IN EMBRACING the New Normal of slower growth, Mr Xi faces two critical challenges.

First, how to speed up economic restructuring and rebalance growth to be based more on domestic demand. This would make China's economic growth more sustainable in the longer run.

Second, how to cultivate new sources of growth. Mr Xi has envisioned the more "advanced mode" of growth in future, which depends on innovation and technological progress to generate the needed productivity growth. This, in turn, means a greater role for research and development (R&D).

Though China's nascent R&D infrastructure is weak compared with developed countries, its R&D spending has rapidly grown in recent years, reaching 2 per cent of GDP last year, compared with 2.8 per cent for the United States and 3.4 per cent for Japan. China's global share of R&D spending is actually the world's second largest after the US.

China leads the world in terms of new patents filed, but its weak intellectual property rights regime has not been conducive to the commercialisation of innovation.

Much of its past growth was essentially derived from the sheer injection of a massive amount of capital (from high domestic savings), along with abundant cheap labour. China has exhausted such a "demographic dividend" due to declining fertility.

Future growth will, therefore, have to shift from dumping in more inputs to fostering greater total factor productivity growth, not just through technological innovation but, even more critically, further market reform. In other words, the potential "reform dividend" will drive future growth under the New Normal.

At the Third Party Plenum in November 2013, President Xi announced a comprehensive reform package covering financial sector reform, central-local fiscal relations, competition policy, state-owned enterprises reform and so on.

At the Fourth Party Plenum in October last year, the main reform focus shifted to legal reform to strengthen China's "rule of law". An effective and functioning legal framework is indispensable for good governance, and for successful implementation of various reforms.

In the final analysis, Mr Xi's reform endeavour will be most critical for the next phase of growth under the New Normal. The challenges to him are no less formidable than what Deng had faced in initiating the first round of market reforms over three decades ago.

The writer is a professorial fellow at the East Asian Institute, National University of Singapore.


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