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Home Team officers get pay raises of up to 12%

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By Alfred Chua, TODAY, 7 Aug 2014

All uniformed officers in the Home Team have been given pay increases of up to 12 per cent, while hefty sign-on bonuses were announced for new police recruits, in the latest periodic compensation review by the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) to woo and keep talent.

Deputy Prime Minister and Home Affairs Minister Teo Chee Hean announced this piece of “good news” to officers during the Home Team National Day Observance Ceremony yesterday, as he thanked them for their work in keeping the Republic safe and secure.

“The MHA will ensure that the Home Team provides rewarding and meaningful careers, with opportunities for professional and personal development, and competitive salaries which keep pace with the market and are commensurate with the skills and demands required of our officers in the Home Team,” he said.

The longstanding issue of a manpower crunch in the Home Team — specifically, in the Singapore Police Force (SPF) — culminated in the Commissioner of Police flagging the need for 1,000 more officers to boost its ranks earlier this year, during the Committee of Inquiry hearing into the Little India riot. Commissioner Ng Joo Hee noted that, compared with other cities such as Hong Kong and London, Singapore’s officer-to-resident ratio was much lower, and has been worsening.

In 1994, there were 222 officers for every 100,000 residents. That number has fallen to 163 this year. As of last December, the SPF comprised 8,784 regular officers and 3,688 full-time Police National Servicemen.

“The truth is that the SPF has not grown significantly in size, while Singapore’s population has grown by two million in the space of two decades,” Commissioner Ng had said.

Under the pay revision, officers from the Singapore Police Force— along with those from the Singapore Civil Defence Force (SCDF), Singapore Prison Service (SPS) and Central Narcotics Bureau (CNB) — will get the biggest raise, of between 10 and 12 per cent in monthly pay. Those from the Immigration and Checkpoints Authority (ICA) will see their pay jump by 7 per cent, while a 5 per cent increase has been given to officers in the Home Team Specialist Scheme.

The last time starting salaries for junior officers was adjusted was in February 2012. Currently, SPF regular officers have a starting pay ranging from S$1,920 to S$2,090, depending on their entry-level rank.

To attract more into its fold “to meet the growing demand for police officers”, sign-on bonuses of S$10,000 have been introduced for those who join at the rank of Corporal.

Previously, only those entering as Sergeants, among junior officers, get a sign-on bonus of S$10,000. This has been increased to S$30,000. The Police Sergeants will be bonded for three years, while Corporals will be bonded for two years. Recruits who join the SCDF, SPS and CNB at the rank of Sergeant will receive a sign-on bonus of S$10,000, while those entering the ICA as Sergeants will get a sign-on bonus of S$8,000.

At the ceremony yesterday, Mr Teo also paid tribute to the officers who served in the “difficult” early years leading up to, and after, Singapore’s independence. “Our Home Team Pioneers tackled serious security challenges — secret societies, a penal riot, armed robberies, communist-inspired student and industrial unrest, racial riots, drugs, and serious outbreaks of fires. They showed courage, hard work and determination, and contributed towards the peace and security, social harmony and unity which have made us a stronger and more resilient nation,” he said, adding that a series of activities will be organised next year to thank and honour them.



Higher pay for nurses and more opportunities

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Big push to draw more nurses...
Pay rises, greater autonomy for senior staff among the changes
By Linette Lai, The Straits Times, 7 Aug 2014

NURSES in the public sector here will be given pay rises, broader job scopes and better career progression, in new moves to retain them and attract new faces.

The Ministry of Health (MOH) is taking these measures, which it announced yesterday, even though the attrition rate has been falling, as more nurses are needed to meet the rising health-care demands of the ageing population.

The attrition rate was 8 per cent last year, down from 9 per cent in 2011.

MOH estimates it will need an extra 1,400 nurses a year between now and 2020, on top of replacing those who quit. Last year, the nursing population grew by only about 1,100.

A major change is how much nurses will get paid. MOH said yesterday that about 23,000 nurses in public health care and MOH-supported intermediate and long-term care institutions will get pay rises of between 5 per cent and 20 per cent in the next two years. They will also get an additional half a month's annual bonus from December this year.

This, said Health Minister Gan Kim Yong at the Nurses' Merit Award ceremony yesterday, is to ensure that their pay is "commensurate with their expanding roles and competitive with the market".

"Nurses play a very important role. They are on the front line; they are on the ground. They are the backbone of our health-care workforce," he said.

The changes were proposed by the National Nursing Taskforce, which was set up in December 2012 to chart the course of the profession. Yesterday, Mr Gan formally accepted its 15 recommendations in four broad areas.

Currently, enrolled nurses - the lowest tier and mainly graduates from the Institute of Technical Education (ITE) - earn about $1,975 a month in public health-care institutions. Registered nurses with diploma qualifications earn about $2,500.

"We hope that by enhancing their remuneration, we will signal greater recognition for this profession," Mr Gan said. Speaking to the nurses at the ceremony, he added: "I am not Santa Claus, but I think you deserve it."

Senior, experienced nurses will be given greater autonomy after the new changes kick in. This includes the authority to make some diagnoses or order certain medication and treatment.

For instance, a nurse clinician could immediately prescribe the appropriate medication for a diabetic patient having a hypoglycaemic attack, rather than having to wait for a doctor's go-ahead.

"We want to give our nurses greater autonomy so they can take on greater responsibility and do more complex functions," Mr Gan said. "In this way, we will be able to maximise their potential."

A new National Council of Nursing Education to coordinate nurse education across the various levels will also be set up.

Changes in the fourth area will ensure better career progression, especially for lower-tier nurses.

Previously, enrolled nurses from ITE needed to get a grade point average of at least 2.8 - out of a maximum of 4 - before they were allowed to further their studies to become registered nurses. Now, as long as enrolled nurses have at least three years' work experience and a good report from their employers, they will be eligible for the upgrading course.

"I'm very happy for the enrolled nurses who are my colleagues," said senior staff nurse Zarina Ahmad of Changi General Hospital. "It was a pity that they couldn't go further because of all the constraints."





Nurses eye bigger role in medical care and teaching
By Linette Lai, The Straits Times, 7 Aug 2014

WHILE nurses welcomed news of higher pay yesterday, what many say they are really looking forward to is the bigger role they can play in medical care and teaching.

Yesterday, the Ministry of Health (MOH) revealed a revamp of the nursing profession, including pay increases of between 5 and 20 per cent in the next two years, to make it more attractive.

Among the changes recommended by the National Nursing Taskforce, nurses will also get help in taking on more roles.

Public health-care institutions will provide support for senior nurses who wish to teach, for instance, at polytechnics which offer nursing courses, in addition to taking care of patients. The Health Ministry will also work with these organisations to better facilitate flexi-work and part-time arrangements, which will also benefit nurses with children.

"The creation of more advanced nursing roles adds depth and offers opportunities to make nursing even more exciting," said National University Hospital director of nursing Catherine Koh.

One newly created post is that of assistant nurse clinician, which Changi General Hospital senior staff nurse Zarina Ahmad is hoping to take up. The role will put her on a leadership track and see her mentoring younger colleagues. "There's more empowerment," said the 40-year-old, who has been in nursing for around 20 years, of the new job.

Experienced senior nurses will also be allowed to diagnose and carry out treatments in certain situations, without first having to get the go-ahead from a doctor.

For instance, they will be able to order an X-ray to check if a feeding tube has been correctly inserted, or begin preventive action for a diagnosed schizophrenic with suicidal tendencies.

"Many of them are already competent to do some of these things," explained Mr Yong Keng Kwang, director of nursing at Tan Tock Seng Hospital. "But they couldn't before, because of certain restrictions."

Advanced practice nurse Karen Koh, 38, who is with National University Hospital's cardiac rehabilitation unit, believes the extra autonomy will allow her to make better use of her qualifications and experience. Said the master's degree holder: "We are trained, we have the capability, and we are there all the time, by the bedside."

Health economist Phua Kai Hong believes the revamp could see a "big surge of nurses in the public sector", and make it tougher for private health care. He suggested that the private sector may also raise wages.





81 honoured with Nurses’ Merit Award: MOH
Channel NewsAsia, 6 Aug 2014

The Ministry of Health on Wednesday (Aug 6) honoured a record number of 81 nurses with the Nurses’ Merit Award for their outstanding performance and dedication to the healthcare industry.

The Award, which started in 1976, recognises nurses who have demonstrated consistent and outstanding performance for the past three years. Each recipient will be awarded a medal - to be worn as part of the nurses’ uniform - and a monetary gift of S$1,000, up from $200 in previous years.

The increase in the award value is one of the National Nursing Taskforce’s recommendations on raising recognition of nurses’ work. The taskforce, which was set up in 2012 to review and chart the future direction of the nursing profession, had all of its 15 “wide-ranging” recommendations accepted by Health Minister Gan Kim Yong on Wednesday.

Said Mr Gan: “Through their dedication and commitment, they have touched the lives of many patients and their family members. My ministry is committed to continue our efforts to support and promote the nursing profession.”





More men becoming nurses
By Linette Lai, The Straits Times, 6 Aug 2014

MORE men are signing up to be nurses, if the numbers at the polytechnics and health-care institutions are anything to go by.

Many of them cite job stability and the rapidly growing health-care sector as major pull factors.

At Nanyang Poly (NYP), 18 per cent of the 600 students on its nursing course this year are males. This is up from the 14 per cent in 2010.

At Ngee Ann Poly, male students made up 15 per cent of the cohort when its nursing programme started in 2005. This has since gone up to 20 per cent.

"The career prospects are very good because we have an acute shortage of nurses," said Ms Wong Luan Wah, NYP's director of nursing from the School of Health Sciences.

The additional demand for nurses each year is projected to be about 1,400 on average until 2020, said the Health Ministry.

Regional health-care clusters like SingHealth and the National Healthcare Group (NHG) have had more male nurses in the past five years. A cluster is typically anchored by a hospital but includes institutions like polyclinics.

The number of male nurses who are Singaporean and permanent residents employed by SingHealth has gone up by 52 per cent, said a spokesman.

Part of the reason for this is nursing is no longer seen as an exclusively female profession. "Nursing is no longer stereotyped or perceived by the public as a job mainly for women," said NHG chief executive Chee Yam Cheng.

And male nurses can be helpful in some situations. "An added plus is that their physical strength enables them to lend a helping hand when we manage the movement of immobile patients," said Dr Tracy Carol Ayre, group director of nursing at SingHealth.

Tan Tock Seng Hospital senior nurse manager Christopher Soh, 38, who has been in nursing for 13 years, said no one day is the same. "We see a diversity of patients here. No one patient is the same."


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Income inequality narrowing in Singapore: SPOR 2014

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Lower and middle income groups earn more but productivity growth still a concern
By Vivien Shiao, The Business Times, 8 Aug 2014

There has been a steady increase in the real incomes of low- and middle-income Singaporeans in the last five years at both the individual and household level, according to the third edition of the Singapore Public Sector Outcomes Review (SPOR) by the Ministry of Finance (MOF).

The report, released yesterday, found that the rising wages for the lower- and middle-income group and falling inflation have led to a narrowing of income inequality, but productivity growth remains a concern.

In 2013, Singaporean workers at the 20th percentile and median income levels earned S$1,800 and S$3,480 per month respectively. This is an increase of 6 per cent and 9 per cent respectively since 2009, after accounting for inflation.

The same trend can be seen at the household level. Singaporean households at the 20th percentile and median levels earned S$1,011 and S$2,114 respectively per household member in 2013. This is an increase of 14 per cent since 2009 for both groups, after accounting for inflation.

The Gini coefficient (a measure of income inequality) fell to 0.412 last year, compared to 0.434 in 2012, after taxes and transfers. (The closer the figure is to one, the greater the inequality.)

Economists BT spoke to said the rise in real income for low- to middle-wage workers can be attributed to two main factors: the first is the government's measures to strengthen social safety nets through transfers and progressive taxes; while the second is a tighter labour pool because of the government's curbs on foreign worker supply.

DBS economist Irvin Seah said: "While steady economic growth naturally leads to healthy income growth, the government's transfer measures that are included in the Budget every fiscal year have been a key factor in raising their income. We are definitely making progress towards inclusive growth."

UOB economist Francis Tan concurred that initiatives such as pay hike recommendations by the National Wages Council to boost the nominal incomes of the lower-wage industries such as cleaning and security have paid off.

"The demand for workers in the lower-wage industries has gone up due to the tightening of foreign labour, so employers must pay more to attract people. Before 2011, income inequality kept rising as employees had an ample supply of foreign labour," explained Mr Tan.

The improved income equality was also driven by falling inflation rates in 2013. Last year, government measures to contain price increases in vehicle certificate of entitlement (COE) and accommodation costs led to lower inflation.

The report found that labour productivity growth has generally been weak in recent years, although several industries like precision engineering and food manufacturing have seen a significant pick-up in productivity, especially among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).

Economist Chua Hak Bin of Bank of America Merrill Lynch said labour productivity growth for the second quarter of 2014 is expected to go down, according to flash estimates.

"Our expectation for labour productivity growth for this full year is 0.5 per cent. It has been growing at 0.2 per cent the past three years, despite the government's target of 2-3 per cent per annum. The restructuring of the Singapore economy to become more productivity-driven has not delivered so far," he said.

Mr Chua added that it is a concern that rising wages for the lower- and middle- income group of Singaporeans have been driven by social support and stricter foreign worker policy, and not productivity gains.

"This is not sustainable if productivity doesn't catch up," he cautioned.

When it comes to gazing into the crystal ball, economists say that it is hard to tell if income inequality will continue to fall.

While Mr Chua of Bank of America Merrill Lynch and Mr Seah of DBS had more muted predictions, Mr Tan of UOB warned that inflation is creeping up this year, which may result in real wage growth which may not be as high.

"Last year, Singapore's core inflation was 1.7 per cent, and we forecast that it will climb to 2.4 per cent this year due to the expectations of higher interest rates in the US next year," he said.

He added that the rise in incomes may also result in businesses passing on additional costs to consumers, making it a vicious circle.

"Income inequality this year may not have a downward trend like in 2013," concluded Mr Tan.

Aside from the rise in wages for lower- and middle-income workers, the report also highlighted some key challenges in the public transport and healthcare capacity that continue to affect Singapore and Singaporeans.

Other areas of concern include the challenges of an ageing population, including the need for increased healthcare capacity and healthcare affordability.

The SPOR is prepared by the Ministry of Finance with inputs from all ministries. Published once every two years, it provides a perspective on how the public sector and Singapore have fared in a broad range of areas of national interest.


Related
MOF: Third Edition of Public Sector Progress Report Shows Government Making Headway in Reducing Income Inequality through More Opportunities and Stronger Social Support for Singaporeans
Singapore Public Sector Outcomes Review (SPOR 2014)

S'pore has high gas safety standards

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GAS safety is a key priority for the Energy Market Authority and SP PowerGrid (SPPG).

We thank Ms Lai Wai Mun ("Take steps to prevent gas explosions"), Ms Ada Chan Siew Foen ("Gas leaks not easy for public to detect"; Forum Online) and Mr Cheng Choon Fei ("Any contingency plan for gas leaks?"; Forum Online) for sharing their feedback and concerns in their letters on Monday.

We assure the public that we have a robust regulatory framework and standards in place to safeguard the reliability and safety of Singapore's gas network.

Pipelines transmitting gas at high pressure are made of high-strength steel with anti-corrosion coating. These are mostly buried underground and further protected by concrete slabs. Careful attention is also given to the planning and design of our gas network, to enhance safety for consumers.

Before constructing a gas pipeline, SPPG carries out stringent checks and risk assessments, to meet the safety requirements set by the Singapore Civil Defence Force and other authorities.

As the sole owner of all the gas pipelines in Singapore, SPPG is required to conduct regular tests and inspections to ensure that the pipeline network is in good working condition. In addition, SPPG will systematically replace older pipelines to prevent corrosion from affecting the integrity of these pipelines.

We have put in place measures to prevent damage to gas pipelines during excavation and earthworks. Contractors are given safety briefings by SPPG on precautions and mitigation measures. SPPG also supervises all excavation works in the vicinity of gas transmission pipelines.

While it is not possible to completely eliminate all gas incidents, these measures have significantly lowered the safety risks.

Singapore's gas network contains natural gas and town gas, which are lighter than air. If there is a leak, the gas will rise and dissipate instead of accumulating near the source of the leak. This helps to lower the combustion risks. In addition, the gas in Singapore that is distributed to consumers is odourised to allow for easy detection.

In the event of a gas leak, SPPG will promptly shut the relevant gas valves to isolate the leak and prevent further build-up of gas. It will also work with the emergency response agencies to contain the leak and bring the situation under control.

Members of the public who suspect a gas leak should not light any flames or turn any switches. Once they have moved out of the area of the suspected gas leak, they should call SPPG's hotline on 1-800-752-1800 to report the incident.

Yeo Yek Seng
Deputy Chief Executive, Regulation Energy Market Authority

Cheng See Tau
Deputy Managing Director, Gas Operations SP PowerGrid
ST Forum, 8 Aug 2014





Take steps to prevent gas explosions

THE gas explosion in Kaohsiung caused by leaks from underground pipes caused many injuries and deaths ("25 killed in Taiwan's deadliest gas blasts"; last Saturday).

Similar to Kaohsiung, our water and gas pipes and electrical cables are laid underground.

Our pipes and cables underground are ageing, just like many of the trees that have fallen in recent years after heavy rainfall.

A few years ago, my family suffered a sudden disruption to our water supply because the major underground pipe that supplied water to our flat burst.

Water could be seen gushing out from the ground and manholes.

I wrote to the authorities to ask what they have or will put in place to prevent similar incidents from happening, but the answer was not convincing.

Will the Kaohsiung incident happen to our small city one day, given that we have so many commercial and residential gas pipes running underground all over the country?

There are also a lot of road works and construction that involve digging up of the roads. Could any of these bring about an accident too?

With modern sensor and material testing technology, we can take a more preventive approach instead of waiting for an accident to happen.

Our ageing infrastructure, especially what's hidden from public view, needs attention.

What steps have the authorities taken, or will take, to prevent accidents?

Lai Wai Mun (Ms)
ST Forum, 4 Aug 2014




Gas leaks not easy for public to detect

RECENTLY, the water pipes under the roads around my residential estate leaked, causing pools of water on the road.

We reported the matter to the authorities and the cause was traced to possible damage to the pipes during road resurfacing works done a few days before the leak.

Most of Singapore's gas pipes are laid underground, and with a lot of ongoing road repair and resurfacing works, how can we ensure that the pipes are not accidentally damaged during such works?

Leaks from underground water pipes are relatively easy to detect, with the pooling of water above ground. But underground gas leaks are not so easily detectable as gas is invisible.

How can we minimise the potential hazard of underground poisonous gas leaks ("25 killed in Taiwan's deadliest gas blasts"; last Saturday)?

Ada Chan Siew Foen (Ms)
ST Forum, 4 Aug 2014





Any contingency plan for gas leaks?

IN SINGAPORE, underground water, electrical, sewer and gas pipes vary in material, size and pressure, and it is not uncommon for these pipes to be laid close to one another.

Low, medium and high pressure gas pipes are vulnerable to damage caused by construction activities such as soil investigation, excavation, boring/tunnelling, building demolition, addition and alteration work, as well as major renovation.

There is a lot of construction work in progress in Singapore. What preventive and safety measures are in place to prevent damage to underground gas pipes and resulting gas leaks ("25 killed in Taiwan's deadliest gas blasts"; last Saturday)?

What sort of care is taken during works to avoid damaging the underground gas pipes? What levels of checks at every stage of the works are in place?

If workers spot exposed gas pipes during construction work, are they allowed to proceed with work? What safety protocol must they follow?

Are workers and safety officers trained on what to do if gas pipes are damaged and are they authorised to tamper with or attempt to repair the damaged pipes? If not, who is authorised to carry out these repairs?

We should have clear instructions and protocols on the safety of underground gas pipes. We can't wait for an explosion to happen before we take action.

Cheng Choon Fei
ST Forum, 4 Aug 2014


Stories of the pioneer generation

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ANG KUM SIONG | BUSINESSMAN
'This is my bedroom, and also my factory'
By Yeo Sam Jo And Joanna Seow, The Straits Times, 19 Jul 2014

EVERY morning and night, without fail, a rhythmic whirring emanates from Mr Ang Kum Siong's bedroom. The mechanical song of his Butterfly sewing machine is familiar to his neighbours and two sons who live with him.

At the age of 87, Mr Ang still sews batik products like cushion covers, bags and dresses, and sells them from his shop in Holland Road Shopping Centre.

The dedication to his craft continues even after he retires to his four-room flat in Serangoon Avenue 3 at about 7.30pm. After dinner, he cuts and sews right up to when he goes to bed three hours later, and again when he rises at 6am until he leaves to go to his shop at 9am.

"It's a habit. Sometimes customers have orders. I'm very punctual in delivering them," said Mr Ang in Mandarin.

So thin is the line between work and rest for the grandfather of 15 that his home workstation stands just beside his bed, surrounded by heaps of colourful batik cloth, which he buys from warehouse wholesalers in Redhill.

"It's my bedroom, but also my factory," he quipped, breaking into one of his frequent chuckles.

There, the octogenarian can sew about 10 cushion covers in three hours, and a dress in 20 minutes - a dexterity that comes only with decades of experience.

Born in Singapore in 1927 to Chinese immigrants, the eldest of nine children helped his father sell second-hand clothes in Arab Street, near their shared two-storey shophouse in Queen Street.

Among these old clothes bought from pawnshops, he discovered batik - a beautiful Indonesian patterned fabric commonly used in sarongs - and noticed how popular it was with buyers.

Inspired, he began hawking ready-made batik apparel at pasar malam (night markets) in places like Katong and Clementi.

It was only as a middle-aged man in the 1970s that he began sewing batik products himself.

"Nobody taught me. I tore apart ready-made clothes to see how they were sewn," he recalled.

"Handmade things are better to sell because you can mix a variety of patterns and fabrics," said Mr Ang, whose two great-grandchildren wear clothes made by him.

But life as a street hawker, earning about $200 to $300 a month as the sole breadwinner for his younger siblings, wife and nine children, was not smooth sailing.

"I was bullied really badly by hooligans. Every night, they would come and extort money," he said. "It was only later in the 1970s, when the Government started catching them, that they stopped."

On April 11, 1978, a day he remembers vividly, Mr Ang poured his entire life savings of $5,000 into a shop in Holland Village - Wellie Batik.

"It was tough. I spent it all on the deposit, rent and renovation. Even my pockets were empty," he said, adding that he did not earn any money for three months.

But it was a gamble that paid off. Today the business is still around, with his youngest son, Eric, 44, running it with him.

While the place is never crowded, it retains loyal customers and draws tourists, who often take photos with Mr Ang, as well as his trusty Singer sewing machine, in use for 34 years.

He has a third machine, a Ranleigh he bought in 1972 for about $200, but which stopped working last year.

Years of sewing have taken a toll on him. A handshake reveals the coarseness of his right thumb, which is gnarled and twisted. "It's from so many years of using the scissors to cut cloth," he said.

In 2006, Mr Ang's wife of 56 years, who would accompany him to the shop every day, died from chronic lung problems.

"He would cry when customers asked him where she went," said his eldest daughter, Pauline, 61.

But the financial consultant said she and her siblings feel fortunate that their father is still independent and healthy.

She recounted how in 2003, after surgery to remove a growth in his colon, Mr Ang was told to rest at home for a month. "After one week, he was back at work because he couldn't stand doing nothing at home," she said.

When his hands are not sewing, they are busy with other passions of his, like Chinese calligraphy and gardening.

Outside his flat, two lovingly raised rows of potted plants line the common corridor.

Mr Ang also tends to the plants at the nearby Paya Lebar Methodist Church, where he attends services every Sunday before work.

If his trade and shop appear anachronistic, he does not seem to feel it, though he does see the country evolving around him.

"If you don't visit a place for one or two years, it will have changed already. It's not a pity, it's just development," Mr Ang said, shrugging.

But the pioneer takes comfort in the fact that his creations, like him, have stood the test of time.

"The things I make are very durable. Customers like them," he said, his face lighting up with simple pride.

* Ang Kum Siong: Batik seller -RazorTV




In the neighbourhood: Serangoon is the only home he has ever known
By Joanna Seow, The Straits Times, 19 Jul 2014

A SHORT walk from Mr Ang Kum Siong's block is the home of Hariharann Ravindran, 17, who has lived in the area since he was a baby. He tells The Straits Times about Serangoon.

WHO HE IS

I'm an aerospace electronics student at Singapore Polytechnic. I've lived at Block 258 Serangoon Central Drive with my family all my life.

WHY HE LIKES THE AREA

It's very convenient. We have a shopping centre, gym and MRT station nearby. I go jogging at the park and stadium.

My extended family also lives in Serangoon Central.

My family of five, grandparents and two cousins' families live in four of the blocks here. It's good because we can take care of one another.

For the World Cup final, 10 of us met at my grandparents' place to watch the game.

HIS GROWING UP YEARS

I used to play at the playground under my grandparents' block, which was a sandpit then.

In secondary school, I played a lot of soccer at the street soccer court next to Braddell Heights Community Centre. When I take off my spectacles, some people ask whether I am (national footballer) Hariss Harun's brother.

WHAT HAS CHANGED

Growing up, I had a lot of close friends here, but now, as we all grow older, we have our own paths and meet new people.

Things have become more convenient since they opened nex mall and the Circle Line.

Before, we had to go to Bishan to watch a movie, but now, the cinema is just a short walk away. You can also travel to a lot of places easily.

WHAT HASN'T CHANGED

Visiting my grandparents after school and staying over sometimes.

If I moved away, I would miss this neighbourhood a lot.





TAN CHEE KIANG | RESTAURANT AND PROVISION SHOP OWNER
'We don't close doors, there are no thieves here'
By Melissa Lin And Linette Lai, The Straits Times, 26 Jul 2014

TOWKAY Tan Chee Kiang runs a busy restaurant and a shop in a prime location, serving up fried squid and sambal kangkong to visitors hailing from South Korea to Germany.

But the 66-year-old is no boss of businesses in Orchard Road, or even an HDB town centre.

Instead, he owns a provision shop and one of the largest eateries on Pulau Ubin, an isle the size of Tampines.

Born and bred on Ubin, Mr Tan is one of the popular island's last 30-odd residents.

Home for Mr Tan is a single room at the back of the provision shop that has been in his family for nearly 100 years, back when Singapore was a British colony and when policemen wore shorts.

The shop is a short walk from the main jetty, where bumboats drop off visitors, past a dusty road lined with bicycle rental shops and weathered old men whiling their time away.

Here, there are no traffic lights, no shopping malls, no clinics even, but residents are all the happier for that.

"It's quieter, more peaceful and the air is definitely better," Mr Tan said in Mandarin.

"We don't need to close the doors in our homes. There are no thieves here."

A queen-size bed sits in the corner of the room he shares with his wife. The wall is bare save for a framed photograph of his youngest daughter as a toddler.

The corridor that links to the shop is lined with stacks of cartons of canned drinks. A cool, salty breeze blows in from a single window facing the sea.

Mr Tan, the middle child of a family with five children, took over the shop from his father.

His father, who died three years ago at the age of 103, was in his 20s when he moved to the island with his younger brother.

Mr Tan's uncle ferried people to and from the island as a bumboat pilot; Mr Tan's father started the provision shop.

"Nine or 10 years ago, I started this seafood restaurant," Mr Tan said, gesturing at the business adjacent to the shop, now one of the island's largest eateries.

The village of his childhood in the 1950s and 1960s is very different from today's Pulau Ubin, or Granite Island in Malay.

Back then, thousands of people called the island home, working at its granite quarries, fish farms and in agriculture.

"We used to grow some vegetables for ourselves," Mr Tan recalled.

"Neighbours would also grow them, and we would buy some from them."

The wooden "wayang" stage in the town centre, where Chinese opera performances were put up, held fond memories for him.

"They used to have shows here, and there would be a lot of people. Nowadays only a few people watch such shows."

The "theatre" sometimes doubled up as a classroom, when the nearby Bin Kiang School ran out of space.

Mr Tan, who attended primary school there, said the island had many children in those early days.

"The school had six classrooms but sometimes those weren't enough and we had our classes on the stage," he recalled.

There were no cars and villagers went around on bicycles.

The roads were wide enough for only one cyclist to pass at a time; the bridges were so rickety you had to get off your bike and push it across, he said.

But the Ubin quarries started closing down - the last one shut in 1999 - and the islanders begin to move out in search of other livelihoods.

The number of residents on the island has since whittled down to fewer than 40.

The wayang stage now stands silent in the village square and some of the houses scattered across the island are abandoned.

Bin Kiang School closed in 1985 and was demolished in 2000.

Mr Tan's two daughters and a son, now aged between 26 and 38, went to schools on the mainland. They would wake up at 5am to catch the 6am boat to school.

The house he grew up in, opposite the provision shop, was turned into a storeroom.

His children moved into an HDB flat in Tampines, and he and his wife moved into the room in his shop.

Although he bought the flat more than 20 years ago, it was only after his father died that Mr Tan could spend nights at the flat, relieved of the responsibility of taking care of the old man.

But he still prefers his home on idyllic Ubin, where he spends most of his days.

"Living on Ubin is not so hectic, not like on the mainland," he said.

Here, life operates at a different pace.

Crates of beer and other heavy goods are delivered a few times a month, depending not on the traffic on the roads but on the tides.

"If the tides are too low, the boats can't come," he said.

These days, his rest days, Tuesdays, are spent meeting his group of old friends from the island for coffee near his Tampines flat.

He said wistfully of the past: "I had friends everywhere, no matter where I walked to (on Ubin). I grew up here, played here and went to work here.

"But everyone has gone his own way."




In the neighbourhood: In search of a simple life
By Melissa Lin, The Straits Times, 26 Jul 2014

MR SIM Kim Seng, 50, did not grow up on Pulau Ubin but rents a room from his good friend, Mr Tan Chee Kiang. Mr Sim tells The Straits Times about the home he has adopted.

WHO HE IS

I am a contractor on Ubin who does repair jobs. I live in a rented room on Ubin four to five days a week, and have been doing so for the past eight to nine years.

I have a daughter, who works as a teacher, and a son studying in university, who live on the mainland.

WHY HE LIKES THE ISLAND

Singapore is very "cramped". On Ubin, there are fewer rules and no traffic lights, zebra crossings, and ERP (Electronic Road Pricing).

I like the air and sunshine here. When I take walks in the morning, there are many surprises. I get to see different animals and birds. It is never boring.

The road is the same but every time you take a walk, it is a different experience.

When you say "hi" to people here, they respond. But if you do that on Orchard Road, people will wonder what you are doing.

WHAT HAS CHANGED

Pulau Ubin used to be like an "orphan" last time, nobody cared about it. Now, more people are interested in it and there are tourists of all nationalities who visit.

Schools also hold their camping trips here. But most of the young people who lived here have left.

WHAT HASN'T CHANGED

The nature here. On the mainland, the floors are made of concrete.

The people who live here, if their feet do not touch the soil, they are not used to it.

Is it inconvenient to live here? No, as long as you get used to it and live a simple life, it is okay.





ABDULLAH OMAR: HAWKER
'It took me 3 years to buy my pushcart'
By Melody Zaccheus And Pearl Lee, The Straits Times, 2 Aug 2014

GORENG pisang hawker Abdullah Omar can rattle off the 15 types of bananas commonly imported from Malaysia into Singapore.

Of the lot, the 66-year-old said Singaporeans are crazy for pisang raja - a sweet and creamy breed which complements the deep-fried fritter's savoury shell.

It is this in-depth knowledge about the fruit and his customers' taste that has made him one of the more popular goreng pisang sellers in Singapore.

His stall has been listed in travel magazines and got him featured in a 2013 exhibition and book titled Not For Sale: Singapore's Remaining Heritage Street Food Vendors.

Mr Abdullah picked up the tools of his trade as a young boy from his mother, who used to sell goreng pisang in Jalan Eunos, a Malay settlement village.

By the age of 18, he decided that he wanted to set up a stall of his own. To start out, he needed $500 to buy a pushcart, which was a big sum in the mid-1960s.

"It took me three years to save money from the commission I made helping my mother and a curry puff man to promote their stalls. My friends also chipped in," he says.

For almost a decade from 1969, Mr Abdullah plied his trade outside Rex Theatre. Each fritter was sold for 10 cents.

While business was good, it was also illegal in those days and he always had to be on his toes.

He says: "Ministry of Environment officers used to chase illegal hawkers like us away. Each summon was $20... That was a lot of money in those days."

These days, he starts work at 11am and ends at 6pm, selling 30kg of the snack every week at his stall, Noor Asian Food H.S. Abdullah, in Tekka Market. The stall was allocated to him by the Government.

With the onset of old age, Mr Abdullah's eyesight is failing him. He could do with more days off, he admits, but says that he continues to operate his stall for the sake of his customers.

"I wouldn't want a customer who has come all the way from Jurong to leave empty-handed and disappointed," he says.

"It's not the recipe that is particularly special but the technique. The oil must be at the right temperature," he says, adding that he also takes into account customer feedback.

Today, his goreng pisang sell for between 60 cents and $1.20 each. He makes about $1,100 every month.

Keeping the stall running and slaving over a hot stove have taken their toll on Mr Abdullah.

"I'm not as strong as I used to be," he says.

He handed over the frying of the fritters to his wife, Madam Samijah Bakri, in 2005. And it is unlikely that their four grown-up children, who all hold professional jobs in various industries, will join the trade.

After work, the husband- and-wife pair return to their home, a three-room flat in Marsiling where they have lived for 30 years.

Mr Abdullah and his family moved into their flat in 1984 - after spending the previous decade living in a four-room rental flat nearby. It was a move that many of their friends had thought was "crazy".

He says: "Friends thought we were crazy to want to live in such an ulu place."

Back then, Marsiling was a rural area cut off from urban Singapore. It was home to farms, hilly terrain and even a jungle.

"It was inconvenient to get around. Getting out of the estate required us to take an illegal shortcut through the jungle on motorbike... We would encounter snakes and monkeys along the way," he says.

Today, the jungle has been cleared and replaced by tall concrete buildings filled with amenities such as coffee shops, hair salons and bakeries.

"It's a quiet and nice neighbourhood. Everyone is friendly with each other," he says.

The couple trust their neighbours, who are Chinese, enough to leave their keys with them.

"We have known them since we were here in 1984," chimes in Madam Samijah, 62, who shares her homemade kueh with them.

Their children have urged them to move to a newer flat. But for Mr Abdullah, Woodlands is home.

"If we get a new place, we will be in debt again. And we don't want that," he says.

Every night after dinner, Mr Abdullah - who understands Mandarin, speaks a smattering of Hokkien, Cantonese and Teochew and is fluent in Malay and English - reads the Malay newspaper to his wife as her eyesight is weak.

At 11pm, they watch the news together in quiet companionship.

He says: "We want to know what's going on in the world. We think we're having it hard, but in comparison, our lives are good."





In the neighbourhood: Baker went to school here, did his NS here - now he works here too
By Melody Zaccheus, The Straits Times, 2 Aug 2014

ANOTHER long-time Marsiling Rise resident is Mr Leoh Teck Chye, 46. He tells The Straits Times what he loves about the area.

WHO HE IS

I'm a baker and I've lived in Marsiling Rise for decades. I grew up in Block 131, and I now live with my wife in Block 104, Woodlands Street 13, just seven minutes away from my childhood home.

WHY HE LIKES THE AREA

I grew up here and studied at Woodlands Primary School.

I even did my National Service at the Yishun and Sembawang camps. These days, I work at a bakery nearby.

After spending nearly 30 years in this neighbourhood, I'm really attached to it. When I got married in 2006, I decided to buy a resale unit that's only a stone's throw from my old home, where my mum still lives.

It was a no-brainer - I didn't have to consider other estates because I'm so comfortable with this one.

HIS GROWING UP YEARS

When my family moved from a kampung in Kranji to our HDB flat here, I missed the fun of catching guppies in longkang (drains) and spiders in trees.

I learnt as a kampung boy that if the leaves of the coconut tree were sticky, a spider was probably hiding in between.

I played marbles with friends at the void deck of the new flat, but I still missed the wide open spaces I used to run around in.

WHAT HAS CHANGED

Woodlands has come a long way since its rural days. There were few bus services then, and it was hard to get around. The feeder bus would take a very long time to come.

It's different now. The MRT station and bus interchange are nearby, so getting around is more convenient.

WHAT HASN'T CHANGED

I'm familiar with the stallholders here - all the hawker uncles and aunties. I know the two neighbourhood doctors too. Sometimes, I stop by to chat after work. There is a strong sense of neighbourliness, and I would never think of living elsewhere.





VIOLET NEO: BEAUTY QUEEN AND NAVY VOLUNTEER
'One medic kept a calendar of me for three years,' says beauty queen and Navy volunteer
By Lim Yan Liang And Lee Jian Xuan, The Straits Times, 5 Aug 2014

A RADAR plotter, a beauty contestant and a trainee amateur pilot at one point, Madam Violet Neo was always a bit of a rebel as a young woman.

In 1963, the self-professed tomboy and youngest of three children saw a newspaper ad and decided on a whim to join the fledgling Singapore Naval Volunteer Force, the predecessor to today's Republic of Singapore Navy.

Once a week after work, the 18-year-old would take a bus to the naval base in Woodlands. With a group of secretaries and bank officers, she learnt to march and fire a Browning T-bolt rifle.

"They brought us down to the rifle range to practise," recalled Madam Neo, now 69 and a housewife. "I remember the rifle recoil was like a mule's kick."

That same year, she was mobilised for full-time duties as a trained radar plotter when Indonesia embarked on Konfrontasi, or "confrontation" against the formation of Malaysia with the merger of Malaya, Singapore, Sabah and Sarawak. She was later deployed as a clerk in the Central Manpower Base at the old Kallang Airport.

But the tomboy also blossomed into a stunner.

Against her parents' wishes, she later signed up with a modelling agency, trading her military uniforms for midriff-baring outfits to become a pin-up model in ads for Fraser & Neave and ICI Dulux, commanding an impressive pay of $300 per hour.

"An officer told me that one of the medics kept a calendar of me on the wall for three years," she said with a laugh.

It was again this adventurous spirit that took Madam Neo to the Miss Singapore Universe contest in 1968, where she placed second. She represented Singapore at the inaugural Miss Asia Pacific International in Philippines that year, where she won the Miss Friendship award.

"It was unforgettable - I sang the National Anthem on stage and I met Ms Imelda Marcos," she said of the Philippines' former first lady, a fellow pageant queen.

In 1970, she made headlines for being Singapore's first woman to learn flying at Seletar Airport, though the hobby did not take off.

"I stopped after four lessons - I found out I preferred having my feet on the ground," she said.

Madam Neo mellowed only after she married her husband, Mr Martin Tay, in 1970. He was a fellow army clerk she met during her volunteering days.

Leaving the runway behind, she settled down in a four-room flat, where she still lives, raising her three boys, Nicholas, now 34, Noel, 37, and Dominic, 42.

She remembers being one of the first few residents at Yishun Ring Road in 1995. "I much prefer the old Yishun. It was quieter, less crowded then. The MRT ended at Yio Chu Kang and we didn't even have a proper bus stop then and everything we needed, we got from a small wet market."

But while she has made a life and home for herself in Yishun, her happiest days were spent growing up with her two siblings at a terraced house on Still Road.

Playing by the verandah back in the 1950s, they would often see a train of elephants pass by their home, led by a mahout.

Invariably, at least one would find their mother's sugar canes irresistible, make a detour onto the lawn and tug a few out of the ground as a juicy treat.

"We would see the elephants break the sugar cane before tramping off," she said with a chuckle. "My mother got so fed up, she dug them all up and planted flowers instead."

It was also a time of fresh produce: Madam Neo remembers an Indian man who would go door to door with his cow selling milk that was squeezed on demand.

Hawkers slinging big pots of piping hot pig organ soup and wheeling kolo mee carts would call out their wares from the road.

Today, her perspective on life has changed somewhat.

"Now, home to me is family, where my children are. The place doesn't matter so much," said Madam Neo, whose husband died of lung cancer this February.

She now spends her days at home cooking for her children sometimes, and tending to her hibiscus plants and pets: She has two mixed-breed dogs, seven hamsters and four tanks of fish.

While it is a far cry from her younger, crazier days, she said with a smile: "I've seen and done things, I've experienced it all, so it's okay. I have no regrets."

* Violet Neo: Beauty queen and Navy volunteer -RazorTV



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The Straits Times National Day 2014

Building A Nation: Today

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Innovative solutions for a variety of needs
Good governance and an integrated approach to planning have enabled S'pore to become a First World Nation in just a few decades. MINT KANG reports
The Business Times, 5 Aug 2014

WHAT makes a liveable city? It must fulfil the human spirit, said Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong in an April 2014 interview with the Centre for Liveable Cities (CLC). "You want to be able to live well - good homes, good neighbourhoods, orderly and safe streets and environment. You must be able to work well - there must be jobs, opportunities, economic growth. You must be able to play well - which means a green environment, and opportunities for leisure, culture, the human spirit," he told CLC.

In just a few decades, Singapore has gone from a Third World nation to a city that does indeed provide its citizens with the opportunities to live, work and play well - that despite a population that has tripled since the 1970s and ongoing challenges of land and water scarcity.

Plan behind the First World nation

"Our transformation to a liveable and sustainable city has been brought about by two things: good governance and an integrated approach to planning," says Khoo Teng Chye, CLC's executive director. CLC was set up in 2008 to document that transformation and expand on the knowledge gained from the early years of development.

The planning behind Singapore's development has remained much the same over the years. Today, the Urban Redevelopment Authority's (URA) Master Plan, the statutory land use plan meant to guide Singapore's development over the next decade and a half, still follows the spirit of the first Concept Plan created in 1971: it balances Singapore's land use needs between the social and the economic, industry and the environment, housing and community, and it involves intensive collaboration between many government agencies. "(The Master Plan) is an important strategic platform for the coordination of the work of our development agencies to ensure that the necessary infrastructure will be provided to adequately support existing and new developments," URA chief planner and deputy CEO Lim Eng Hwee said in a June 2014 interview. He highlighted an increased number of green spaces, the protection of conservation areas and the expansion of public spaces as some key areas of the 2014 Master Plan, which can be viewed on URA's website.

Some of the agencies involved in developing and implementing the Master Plan are obvious, such as the Land Transport Authority, which is currently collaborating with the private sector to develop a solution for lessening traffic congestion. Others might seem to have less of a stake, yet their input is equally important: for example, the Singapore Tourism Board has since the mid-1980s worked closely with URA to develop ways of conserving ethnic and cultural enclaves that can double up as tourist attractions. The conservation areas designated as identity nodes in the 2014 Master Plan include Jalan Kayu, Holland Village and Serangoon Gardens.

Sustainability and quality of living

Today, sustainability and quality of living are among the traits of Singapore, the "Garden City". It is an engineering ethos that dates all the way back to the 1970s and 1980s, when civil engineers working with the Housing and Development Board (HDB) built passive sustainability features into their designs. HDB flats were built to face slightly away from the west, so that units would not be exposed to the worst of the afternoon heat; concrete overhangs were added to shield windows from direct sunlight; and stairwells and corridors were built to accommodate plenty of ventilation. Today, those simple principles have been recognised and formalised in initiatives such as the Building and Construction Authority's (BCA) Green Mark scheme, which assesses and awards buildings for best practices in environmental design and performance. Major real estate developers such as City Developments Ltd - a long-time advocate of sustainable buildings and the first developer to be named a Green Mark champion - have enthusiastically supported Green Mark principles.

The Green Mark has also brought the recognition of sustainability back full circle to public housing: in 2007, Surbana Corporation's eco-precinct, Treelodge@Punggol, became the first public housing project to receive the BCA Green Mark Platinum award.

Other multinationals have developed literally alongside Singapore, answering the nation's sustainability and liveability needs with new technology through the years: one such is Hitachi, which has operated in Singapore since the 1960s, all through the decades of development and modernisation.

"We are proud to have walked through this journey with Singapore, witnessing the country's growth from a modest state to the First World country it is today," says Kiyoaki Iigaya, Hitachi's chief executive for Asia.

The company has also supplied state-of-the-art technology and products to Singapore in areas such as building facilities services and its management systems, covering high-end industrial plants, offices to housing.

Hitachi has also provided foundational systems such as energy generation transmission systems, public transport systems, water treatment and other social infrastructure systems including a dissipation array system that protects business assets and operations from the detrimental effects of lightning strikes - a significant risk in Singapore, which has one of the highest rates of lightning activity in the world. Buildings here that use the dissipation array system include M1's telecommunication towers.

Beautiful relationship with water

"Our water strategy goes beyond just looking at water as a resource," says CLC's Mr Khoo. "Over the years, we also recognised that while it is important to solve our water problem by putting in the right infrastructure, that infrastructure can be a blight on the urban environment if we do not take care with its design." Mr Khoo served as chief executive of the PUB from 2003 to 2011, and oversaw the drive to make Singapore the regional research and development

hub for water and wastewater treatment technology. One of the solutions that pioneered on his watch was NEWater, the reclaimed water that was initially greeted with suspicion and today - a decade after its launch in 2003 - meets 30 per cent of the nation's water needs and is accounted as one of the four national taps.

Over the years, as Singapore invested in multiple aspects of water management to meet the population's needs, an entire industry has sprung up around water: consultants, technology suppliers, manufacturers and sub-contractors are located here, and major events like the Singapore International Water Week bring in billions of dollars in business. Huge multinational corporations such as Hitachi are closely involved with Singapore's water industry, developing and supplying water treatment systems ranging from desalination - another of the four national taps - to sewage treatment and even monitoring and control systems for water treatment plants.

Now, to bring a human touch to the water industry, the PUB aims to educate people that water is an urban and environmental asset. In 2006, the ABC Waters (Active, Beautiful, Clean Waters) Programme was launched to ensure that Singapore's waterways are an attractive part of the urban environment.

"We are trying to get the idea across that water can also be an urban and environmental asset," explains Mr Khoo. "We want people to see that water is very much a part of our lives and we all have a responsibility to try and keep the water that flows in our homes, workplaces and schools clean."

Taking our expertise global

Today, Singapore exports its expertise in water management, tropics-specific sustainable building design, urban planning and even port operation to countries around the world. For example, BCA's Green Mark has been adopted in over 10 countries around the South-east Asian region and beyond, including China, Malaysia, Vietnam, Thailand and Indonesia.

Another factor in the globalisation of Singapore's experience has been the corporatisation of key agencies and statutory boards that were involved in the great modernisation drives of the early years. In 1997, for example, the Port of Singapore Authority was corporatised and replaced by PSA Corporation Ltd, and today, it operates as PSA International - a top international port operator with a huge network of ports located all along the major global shipping routes.

Since then, PSA has expanded Singapore's port with an eye to the long term, and with good reason: the port still looms very large in Singapore's economy. At the 2012 launch of the expansions to Pasir Panjang Terminal, Minister for Transport Lui Tuck Yew said: "Today, our port remains a pillar of the domestic and regional economies, providing critical connectivity to global markets for the manufacturing sectors, and bringing in a wide range of goods needed by the economy and population."

The great builders of the early years have grown, too: in 2000, Jurong Town Corporation, the driving force behind Singapore's industrial development in the 1960s and 1970s, was corporatised and restructured as JTC Corporation. And in 2003, HDB's Building and Development Division was corporatised and two years later rebranded as Surbana Corporation, which specialises in sustainable urban solutions especially in developing countries. A number of the civil engineers who began their careers during those early decades stayed on during the corporatisations, and today apply their experience to the work of the private companies.

"When we go to the Third World countries we can know immediately, intuitively, what the solution is and how to approach it," says Jeffrey Ho, a senior consultant with Surbana International Consultants. Mr Ho, who began his career as a civil engineer with HDB's Building and Development Division in the 1970s, recalls how he and his colleagues worked on-site, with limited resources and only the most basic technology - and, in the process, gained a profound understanding of what worked and what didn't work. "The models we used may be out-of-date now in Singapore, but we are still applying them in our overseas work today," he adds.

As Singapore moves into the future, more things are bound to change, but planners and builders are sure of one thing: the approach that brought this nation out of the 1960s and into the 21st century will handle the changes well enough. "My view is that going forward, while we grapple with the problems of the future, as long as we adhere to the basic principles of doing planning well and having the right policies in place, I think we can continue to be innovative," adds CLC's Mr Khoo.

This is the second of a three-part series brought to you by Hitachi, in collaboration with Singapore Institute of Building Ltd, and with resource assistance from Centre for Liveable Cities Singapore. The final part, Building a Nation: Tomorrow, will be published on Aug 12





A landmark in water management

ONE of today's great landmarks in Singapore's water strategy is none other than the Marina Barrage. The barrage's history goes back more than two decades: as far back as 1987, then-Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew had raised the possibility of some day damming the river mouth to keep sea water out and fresh water in, turning the entire river into a huge reservoir for Singapore. His prediction proved visionary. In 2008, almost exactly 20 years later, the Marina Barrage was officially opened: the largest catchment in Singapore, joining 16 other reservoirs which together cover two-thirds of the island's total land area.

What people may not realise, however, is that the Marina Barrage was deliberately designed to serve multiple purposes. The area it dams off is a reservoir, one that provides 10 per cent of the nation's water needs, but the dam itself is also a flood-control mechanism - it both allows the venting of storm waters and protects the waterways from tidal influence. On top of that, the barrage is today a well-known recreational area, and this, too, was deliberate.

"We did not want a public works facility to just be very functional," says former PUB senior consultant Yap Kheng Guan, the project director of the Marina Barrage development. "We wanted it to be a place where people can come and celebrate what we've done for Singapore."

The thinking behind the barrage was about getting the most out of a public works project, and it called for a multi-agency approach. Other agencies such as the Urban Redevelopment Authority and the National Parks Board were brought in to help develop the aesthetics and architecture needed for making an otherwise unremarkable facility into a public space.

"The barrage shows the direction in which we've been taking our drainage programme. In the early days we were rushing for time and going for very practical solutions. But even in the 1980s, when designing and upgrading the canals and rivers, we were thinking of how to make them more than just functional," says Mr Yap of the evolution of Singapore's water management. "These spaces are all so near to where people work and live and enjoy themselves ... we want to make these places more enjoyable and encourage people to keep the water clean as it makes its way into the rivers and reservoirs."


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Never take Singapore for granted: Chan Chun Sing

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S’pore needs to fight odds to survive
He says it should not be taken for granted that nation will be around for next five decades
By Wong Wei Han, TODAY, 8 Aug 2014

With the Republic in a celebratory mood, Minister for Social and Family Development Chan Chun Sing yesterday delivered a sobering message: It should not be taken for granted that Singapore will be around for the next five decades or more and the country will need to continue fighting against the odds to ensure its survival.

Ahead of Singapore’s 49th birthday tomorrow and its golden jubilee anniversary next year, Mr Chan said: “I have never taken for granted that Singapore will always be around. While I look forward to celebrating SG50, I always challenge myself (on whether) ... we will be around to celebrate SG100.” He noted that in South-east Asia, not many countries of Singapore’s size have been able to last 100 years. “Let’s work hard … to defy the odds of history so that our children and our grandchildren will have the chance to celebrate SG100.”

In a speech at the Economic Society of Singapore’s annual dinner, Mr Chan outlined the myriad of external and domestic challenges facing the Republic. He also recounted his despair when he heard the responses from international business leaders when he asked them — during a recent meeting — to name the country they thought would be the most successful by 2030.

Many chose China and the United States, while some picked Indonesia and India. The top three reasons for their choices were demography, resource endowment and size of markets, he said.

“When I heard this, my heart sank, because if resource endowment and market size determine destiny, then I’m sure not many people will give Singapore a fighting chance … We have our work cut out for us to even try to interest people to give us a chance to do business with us.”

On external challenges, Mr Chan cited ties between the US and China, which will have a significant impact on the world, including Singapore and the region. The Republic will also have to develop a “constructive and complementary relationship” with fast-growing neighbouring countries such as Malaysia and Indonesia.

To stand out among regional and global cities, Singapore’s advantage lies in innovation and value-add, said Mr Chan, who stressed that Singapore has to compete against cities, not countries.

“The challenge for us is to ensure we compete on the quality of ideas, not the quantity of input and, God help us, not on price,” he said. “We need to identify the part of a value chain where we have competitive advantages, be it production, services or sales.”

At home, Singapore will have to continue managing the integration of immigrants, among other challenges. This will depend on whether it can forge a national identity as “a forward-looking and inclusive concept based on values, ideals and vision”, Mr Chan said.

Noting how technological advancements may displace certain jobs, he added that issues such as income inequality and social mobility must also be addressed.

“What we can and must do is to allow our people to have the best opportunities to realise their talents … This is why we must continue to push hard for continuous meritocracy,” he said. “Our challenge is to keep the definition of meritocracy broad and not just on academic achievements.”

He said that as more individuals succeed, they must realise their responsibility to give back to society, in order for Singapore to avoid “a fractured social system where the winner takes all without due regard for the role society has played in his success”.

To overcome the challenges, Singapore will need people who are rooted to the country even as they seek their fortunes elsewhere, he said.

It must also continue to turn constraints into opportunities, he said, citing Singapore’s success in water management.

The Republic should leverage on its brand in terms of standards, law and trust. This would enable Singapore to use its competitive advantage to stand out amid global competition, he said.

“We can only achieve all these and more if we have the right social compact and values — leadership, innovation, openness, meritocracy , cohesion and resilience,” he added.

During the question-and-answer session, Nanyang Technological University economics professor Ng Yew Kwang asked whether Singapore can afford the economic disadvantages that result from reducing foreign manpower.

In response, Mr Chan said: “The fundamental thing is not the number. It’s what kind of opportunities we want to create for our young ... It’s not a given whether we can or cannot manage a six-million population — much depends on us. But (the inflow) must be at a pace that society can accept.”

Mr Chan was also asked to comment on former Urban Redevelopment Authority chief planner Liu Thai Ker’s recent remarks that Singapore should plan for a population of 10 million.

Noting that Mr Liu was speaking from the perspective of urban planning, he reiterated that much depends on the population size that Singaporeans can live with.

He added: “I don’t think anyone can say that this is the number and we’ll grow towards it. Very much also depends on how people find us as a place to work and do business. We can plan for five million or six million, but people won’t come unless we can value-add and create synergies. Otherwise, it’s just a number.”





Help for needy 'will remain targeted and be sustainable'
Key principles unchanged as S'pore tries to stay competitive: Minister
By Chia Yan Min, The Straits Times, 8 Aug 2014

A KEY member of Singapore's fourth-generation leadership has set out what he sees as the country's challenges over the next decade and beyond, and proposed strategies for staying competitive, relevant and united.

Social and Family Development Minister Chan Chun Sing was addressing members of the Economic Society of Singapore at their annual dinner, days before Singapore, whose existence as a small, independent nation he said he never takes for granted, celebrates its 49th National Day.

He kicked off his speech with a survey of geopolitics, where one uncertainty comes from United States-China ties.

For a small country like Singapore, another challenge is how to stay relevant as its larger neighbours reach milestones: Indonesia on the threshold of middle-class status, and Malaysia seeking to break into the ranks of developed countries.

"The challenge for Singapore is to develop a constructive and complementary relationship with our closest and fast-growing neighbours. Our risk is that if we are unable to create value and lose our strategic weight, we can be easily marginalised and relegated to irrelevance - where others dictate what we do and not do."

Singapore must also learn to adapt to rising volatility due to disruptive technologies. Here, he highlighted as a key concern the displacement of middle-income jobs, which could accentuate inequality and fracture society.

Stating his stand on a much-debated issue among economists on the right scale of transfers between rich and poor, Mr Chan said: "Our real and greater challenge is to strengthen the ability of our middle-income earners to compete on the global stage, rather than only arguing about the scale of transfers."

The key principles behind Singapore's established approach to social transfers to the needy will remain unchanged, he added.

These are to provide targeted rather than universal help so that those with the least get the most help, and to keep spending sustainable - so as not to transfer the burden to future generations, ensure continued support from society's most productive members, and avoid running down the national reserves so they can remain a buffer against the vagaries of intensifying economic cycles.

Mr Chan also offered four strategies for Singapore to prepare for significant social, political and economic shifts.

First, even as Singaporeans "scale the mountains of the world", they must remain rooted to home and want to give back to the country. Second, Singapore "must continue to turn constraints into opportunities". Third, it should leverage the faith others have in its standards and laws. Finally, it must stay cohesive, adaptable and resilient, with "the right social compact and values", and good leadership with the four Cs of being "committed, capable, connected and clean".

On social mobility, he defended Singapore's meritocracy, saying there is "nothing intrinsically wrong" with a system that rewards talent and effort, rather than kinship ties and inheritance.

"We can never equalise inheritance or endowment. But we can endeavour to allow our people to have the best opportunities to realise their talents and blessings," he said. "We must continue to push hard for continuous meritocracy. That one's fate and achievement is not pre-ordained by one's initial endowment, or any single achievement in life, but shaped more by one's talent and continuous efforts."





Chan Chun Sing: What if population falls below four million?
By Robin Chan, The Straits Times, 8 Aug 2014

WHEN discussions here turn to Singapore's potential population size, numbers such as six million and 10 million have been bandied around.

But yesterday, Social and Family Development Minister Chan Chun Sing offered another possible figure: a population size of below four million.

"Strangely, when we talk about any number, there is another scenario - a number below four million... It is not inconceivable that we have a scenario where the transient workers or others may not find us so attractive," he said at the annual dinner of the Economic Society of Singapore (ESS).

He noted that Singapore's current resident population is just about three million, while the rest who make up the total population of 5.3 million are foreigners who come and go.

Immigration and integration remain key challenges going forward and Singapore's ability to attract the right kind of immigrants is not a given, he pointed out.

Mr Chan, recalling the Asian Financial Crisis in 1997, said that before it hit, there had been about 100,000 people in the queue for Housing Board flats.

But when the crisis hit, there was then a surplus of flats, in places such as Sengkang town. "My sister got a unit in Sengkang. She had no neighbours for five years."

His point was that the Government had to not only plan for when there is an increase in the population size, but also for the possibility of a decline.

"I don't think people will say there is a number and we will go towards it. A lot depends on how attractive people find us as a place to work and live," he said.

He was asked by moderator Yeoh Lam Keong, vice-president of the ESS, at the dinner at the Mandarin Orchard Hotel, about what population size he thought would suit Singapore.

Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong said last year at the end of the debate on the Population White Paper that he expected the population in 2030 to be "significantly below 6.9 million", while former chief planner Liu Thai Ker said Singapore should plan for a population of 10 million possibly by the year 2100, Mr Yeoh noted.

Mr Chan said "nobody knows" what Singapore's future population size would be.

With technological changes, the type and quality of housing would also change and the living environment we can build is open to possibilities, he said.

"Will it be 10 million? Will it be less or more? Nobody knows."

Asked by Nanyang Technological University economics professor Ng Yew-Kwang whether the Government could resist anti-immigration pressures, because immigration had "enormous advantages for Singaporeans", Mr Chan said there were economic, social and political considerations, and much depended on how well immigrants could be integrated.

"What we hope to do is, first and foremost, not focus on numbers, but ask ourselves what are the opportunities we need to create for our younger generation to fulfil their dreams and aspirations."

He added that even as Singapore was slowing down the inflow of foreign labour, "we are clear in our mind, we can never compete on numbers".



TAKING CARE OF EVERYONE

Like any other city, our ability to integrate will determine the pace of immigration. As a city state, our advantage lies in being able to control the type and pace of immigration. But unlike other cities, we don't pass on the challenge of taking care of the economically inactive or economically less-productive to the hinterland.

We again don't have that option.

We take care of all our people. We take care of all our people, regardless. And that is the fundamental basis of how we will organise our society going forward.

- Social and Family Development Minister Chan Chun Sing


National Day Message 2014


Malay/Muslim pioneers to be honoured for their contributions to Singapore: Yaacob

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They helped shape a compassionate society: Yaacob
By Nur Asyiqin Mohamad Salleh, The Straits Times, 9 Aug 2014

PIONEERS in the Muslim community who helped shape a compassionate society and carve out common ground in multicultural Singapore deserve to be honoured for their contributions, Minister-in-charge of Muslim Affairs Yaacob Ibrahim said last night.

In paying tribute to a generation of movers and shakers - such as Singapore's first president Yusof Ishak and religious leader Ahmad Zuhri Mutammin - he said they helped develop a religious orientation that is progressive, inclusive and relevant in the modern world, and dealt with challenges the community faced in a "calm, rational and dignified manner".

Speaking at the annual Hari Raya gathering that he and Malay/Muslim MPs host, he also shared good news about mosques.



To applause from about 400 people present, he said longer term leases will be given to three of six mosques that are now on Temporary Occupation Licences: Ahmad Ibrahim Mosque in Yishun, Tentera Di Raja Mosque in Clementi and Petempatan Melayu Sembawang Mosque.

The Islamic Religious Council of Singapore is also ramping up efforts to meet the need for more prayer space especially in areas of high demand, such as in the east.

He also said Madrasah Al-Irsyad Al-Islamiah in Braddell Road will be renamed Madrasah Irsyad Zuhri in tribute to the late Ahmad Zuhri Mutammim, the first president and a founder of the Singapore Islamic Scholars and Religious Teachers Association.



As for the late Mr Yusof, who saw the country through its formative years, he said ideas on how to pay tribute to him are in the works. "It was his firm belief in respect and multiracialism that held the nation together in our early years of nationhood and it was his drive in championing a progressive Malay/Muslim community that rallied our people together."

With the nation turning 50 next year, there are plans for a book on 50 Malay/Muslim pioneers. The Pioneer Generation Joint Committee, which explores ways to honour Malay/Muslim pioneers, is expanding outreach efforts. Apart from the Pioneer Generation Package, it will also explain Medishield Life to seniors.

Still, Dr Yaacob said the best tribute for pioneers is to keep up their good work. An SG50 coordination committee is being set up and one idea is a "Service to the Nation" week led by the community. Events could include donation drives and volunteer activities.

He said pioneers dealt rationally on difficult issues in the community such as organ donation and phasing out of old mosques: "Because of their reasonable and inclusive approach, over time, we forged our own space within the larger multicultural Singapore."

He also stressed the importance of tolerance when confronted with different views, saying it could otherwise lead to extreme behaviour and affect Singapore's cohesion: "We must preserve an atmosphere of mutual respect and understanding. If we resort to labelling and criticising others just because we disagree with them, we risk creating an atmosphere of mistrust and will end up drawing divisions among ourselves."


Big Idea No. 7: Be Bold

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Singapore's civil service needs to cultivate an entrepreneurial spirit.
By Kishore Mahbubani, Published The Straits Times, 9 Aug 2014

NUMBER seven in my series of Big Ideas for Singapore is a simple one: Be Bold. Singapore succeeded in the early years because we had exceptionally bold leaders, who were unafraid of taking risks and learning from their mistakes as they fought against major odds to survive and prosper.

As a result of their boldness, we have succeeded. Having succeeded, we face the classical challenge of all successful corporations and countries: we can become risk-averse.

The Kodak trap

A SIMPLE analogy from business will explain the challenge. As a child, dreaming of owning a camera, it seemed completely inconceivable that I could live in a world without Kodak film. But Kodak is effectively gone. What happened? The easy answer is that Kodak did not anticipate the challenges posed by digital technology. The hard answer is that Kodak became so rich and comfortable that it didn't dare to take any big risks to change course. And that is exactly the challenge that Singapore faces now.

This is why it is wise for Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong to constantly quote the famous phrase from the former CEO of Intel, Andrew Grove, who said, "Only the paranoid survive".

Mr Grove is right. With the world changing at the fastest pace in human history, the biggest mistake is to continue on auto-pilot, assuming that previous policies and approaches will work equally well in a very different world.

Against this backdrop, PM Lee has emphasised that our civil service must remain dynamic and bold. In a 2004 speech to Commonwealth civil servants, he said: "We need people with moral courage and integrity to acknowledge and correct past mistakes, and recognise when an existing policy has outlived its usefulness and has to be discarded or changed."

Mr Lee added: "Given the pace and scale of change facing all countries, no public service can afford to be passive or reactive."

The Prime Minister concluded by saying: "We concluded our civil service needed to take more risks, instead of always sticking to the tried-and-tested."

Entrepreneurial civil service

I AGREE. When I joined the civil service in 1971 I was impressed by the bold entrepreneurs I met. One of the boldest was Philip Yeo. Indeed, he was legendary. He would take big risks. In the early years of developing our armed forces, it would have been safer to take the tried-and-tested route.

Instead, he developed a new weapon - and as he said: "The army was cursing this crazy Philip Yeo, making this new machine gun, instead of buying a proven machine gun from Belgium."

Howe Yoon Chong was equally entrepreneurial. He seized the opportunity to move the airport from Paya Lebar to Changi and to build a new container port in Tanjong Pagar.

I can tell many more stories like this about the civil servants of the pioneer generation. Let me emphasise that our current civil service is one of the best, if not the best, in the world. It gets abundant praise globally.

Sir Michael Barber, an eminent retired British public servant, says: "Among public servants in Singapore, I am always impressed by their clarity of thought... The Singapore civil service sets a standard of quality that in my experience is rarely matched around the world."

Bryan Caplan, professor of economics at George Mason University, enthuses about the civil servants he met here: "In terms of pure IQ, all of them would have been in the top half of my PhD classes."

Danger of risk aversion

YET, paradoxically, even if we are the best in the world, it may not be good enough. Why? The simple answer is that Kodak had the best film in the world. It was not good enough. Like Kodak, we may move towards greater risk aversion.

To prevent this from happening, we need to find out whether there are structural reasons for any tendency towards risk aversion. As a former administrative service officer (or AO), I am told that there is a big incentive for officers to protect their "current estimated potential" (CEP) by avoiding big risks in their policy recommendations.

The CEP is an estimate of the highest level that an officer can reach in his or her career. Once they are assigned a high CEP, an "escalator" seems to automatically promote the officers to their CEP level - as long as they don't make mistakes. Since mistakes are punished and risks are not rewarded, it is natural for a culture of risk aversion to emerge.

To avoid the Kodak problem and prevent any trend towards risk aversion, we clearly need to change this incentive system. We should recognise and reward the people who are willing to take big risks. Fortunately, there is an easy way to do this. In the annual assessment form, we can ask each senior civil servant to spell out two or three "risky" ideas to improve Singapore that he or she has suggested for implementation. If the answer is zero, alarm bells should begin to ring. If the answer is two or three, the follow-up question should be: "What have you done to promote or implement this risky idea?"

Sacred cows

WE WOULD be kidding ourselves if we believed that over the last 50 years we had not accumulated regulations that have long passed their "sell-by" date. They may have been appropriate for their time, but have since become redundant and unnecessary.

One good example is the "three-quarter tank rule" that Singapore put in place in 1991. The rule was clearly intended to ensure that Singaporeans paid the high petroleum taxes in Singapore instead of using cheap Johor petrol to subsidise their driving in Singapore.

While the Government's desire to prevent the erosion of our revenue base is valid, this has to be weighed against the rule's disadvantage of discouraging Singapore's city dwellers from enjoying the weekend relief from traffic that the residents of most global cities enjoy.

When I was living on Manhattan Island, the city would empty on the weekends as Manhattanites drove out into the countryside visiting friends and relatives. This made it a joy to explore Manhattan on weekends. The three-quarter tank rule is one important reason Singaporeans do not leave the city on weekends.

If there are fewer barriers to visiting Johor, more Singaporeans will do so, creating physical and psychological space back home that will increase our sense of well-being. Improved well-being could bring many unintended benefits. For example, an increase in well-being may even improve our birth rates!

New solutions to old problems

IN ADDITION to "negative" suggestions on which old rules and practices should be killed, civil servants should also be encouraged to give "positive" suggestions on how old problems can be solved in new ways. The best way to illuminate this is with another concrete example.

One of Singapore's biggest problems is the haze we get from neighbouring Indonesia. The Singapore Government has certainly worked very hard to prevent a recurrence of this problem. However, can we think of innovative new ways to supplement the efforts of the Government?

For example, instead of just relying on our Government to solve the haze problem, can we utilise the resources of civil society to help solve the problem too?

We could encourage Singapore NGOs to visit Indonesia to understand the Indonesian perspectives and constraints, taking careful note of the political, economic, social and cultural factors at play.

Then, having come to a good understanding of both sides of the issue, they could come up with radical solutions to the problem. For example, the NGOs could assist the farmers on the ground to shift to less destructive methods of agriculture.

The slash-and-burn technique works in the short term but is not sustainable in the long term. Small farmers also have an incentive to learn new agricultural techniques, especially if such techniques become more financially viable. Can we use our NGOs to encourage them to do so?

Data sharing needed

ONE final example of a bold initiative that our civil servants can take is to share more data and information with Singapore universities and think-tanks. Indeed, the Prime Minister has encouraged the civil service to be more open and transparent.

In a speech at an Institute of Policy Studies (IPS) conference in 2010, he said that "it is useful for the public sector to cooperate with the IPS and to be forthcoming with information and access… This way, the Government can consult more widely and develop better thought-out policies, and IPS will be more effective in fostering informed discussion of policies outside Government."

Sadly, even though the Prime Minister made this call in 2010, the cautious civil service approach of sharing data has not changed.

As dean of a school of public policy, I know that many of our professors find it easier to get data from other Asian countries than from Singapore. Amazingly, even retired permanent secretaries cannot get access to data they once handled in service.

This is a real pity as, in the next phase of Singapore's development, we will need to tap ideas from a broader section of Singaporeans. If they are not given access to data, they will not be able to contribute.

And if we stop them from contributing, we could end up like Kodak - following safe paths and not taking big risks. Not taking risks is the biggest risk for Singapore.

The writer is dean of the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore. He was named one of the top 50 world thinkers this year by Prospect magazine, a British publication.


National Day 2014: Singapore celebrates 49th birthday at Marina Bay

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They came to party at Marina Bay
49th National Day Parade spectacle celebrates people from all walks of life
By Royston Sim, The Sunday Times, 10 Aug 2014

A dazzling display of fireworks across the Marina Bay skyline capped Singapore's 49th birthday bash yesterday, marking what may be the last National Day Parade held at the bayside floating platform.

Next year's 50th jubilee parade will be at the Padang, and after that the celebration will have another venue at the new National Stadium at the Sports Hub. It has been held at Marina Bay since 2007.

Yesterday's parade, themed "Our People, Our Home", celebrated people from all walks of life, from the pioneer generation to workers in different jobs as well as the disabled.

In a first, performers from the Movement for the Intellectually Disabled of Singapore (MINDS) took part, drumming and marching, reinforcing a message of inclusiveness.

A slice of history was made at the start, when Third Warrant Officer Shirley Ng became the first female Red Lion parachutist to jump at a National Day Parade.

After a combined band and silent precision drill squad performance, some 2,000 participants from 35 marching contingents took to the stage to showcase the Republic's military might.

The 27,000 spectators leapt to their feet and erupted in the loudest applause when former prime minister Lee Kuan Yew, 90, appeared and made his way to his seat, assisted by aides. People left their seats to catch a glimpse of him or snap a photo of Singapore's founding father, who has not missed a parade since the first in 1966.

As the sky darkened, a blaze of pyrotechnics, visual effects and performers in bright costumes ushered in the show segment - a spectacle of lights and colours and upbeat music.

In a Facebook post after the parade, President Tony Tan Keng Yam said the show highlighted how Singapore's progress is built on each person doing his part to care for one another.

"The passion for Singapore displayed at the parade was stirring and infectious," he said.

Housewife Siti Zainah Sumadi, 60, who was there with her grandson and nephew, said: "I'm so happy to see people dancing, singing, enjoying."




Pioneers enjoy VIP treatment
The Sunday Times, 10 Aug 2014

Some 200 pioneers who toiled to build Singapore were feted at the nation's 49th birthday celebration yesterday.

The group, made up of pioneers in fields such as finance, nursing and the military, were specially invited to watch yesterday's National Day Parade (NDP) in recognition of their contributions to Total Defence.

Some, like 65-year-old Azizah Mohamed Yusoff who has been a nurse for 43 years, even proudly donned badges displaying the Singapore flag.

"It's my second time at the NDP since the 90s. Things have changed tremendously since then," she said, gesturing at a group of pioneers around her who were taking selfies.

Retired POSB bank manager Ng Kim Soon, 73, who was there to catch the parade live for the first time, said: "I'm most looking forward to the portion where they show us how Singapore has progressed."

Another pioneer, retired army regular Kang Lye Take, 65, recalled marching through a relentless thunderstorm for two hours from the Padang to Queenstown in 1968.

"It was so exciting. We just kept going despite the pouring rain. No such thing as stopping," he said.

A video montage of pioneers was screened during the parade and ceremony segment - a first at the NDP - as a tribute.

Away from Marina Bay, Singaporeans also headed to SAFRA clubhouses and shopping malls such as Lot One to celebrate the occasion.

But for paradegoer and digital marketing consultant Husain Rashid, 30, seeing the fireworks live is an experience like no other. "You can't just get that feeling or (photo) shot anywhere else."





Chua Thian Poh tops list of 3,354 recipients at the 2014 National Day Awards
By Olivia Siong, Channel NewsAsia, 9 Aug 2014

A total of 3,354 awards were handed out at the 2014 National Day Awards on Aug 9.

The highest award - the Distinguished Service Order - was given to Mr Chua Thian Poh, the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Ho Bee Land.

Mr Chua is the President of the Singapore Federation of Chinese Clan Associations; Honorary President of the Singapore Chinese Chamber of Commerce and Industry; as well as Chairman of the Ren Ci Hospital, Business China, and the Board of Trustees of the Chinese Development Assistance Council.

As the President of the Singapore Federation of Chinese Clan Associations, he supported the Government's call for clan associations to take greater initiative in integrating new immigrants.

"Singapore is an immigrant society since day one, and clans have been very actively involved in engaging new immigrants. I think it's important that we integrate new immigrants into society as soon as possible. We would like to see Singapore have a harmonious society - that's important to the whole country," Mr Chua said.

He is also Chairman of Ren Ci Hospital, and said the hospital has been "growing rapidly". With the new nursing home in operations by beginning of 2015, which will have 260 beds, Ren Ci will have a total of 820 beds - an increase from its initial 174 beds, he stated.

The six recipients of the Meritorious Service Medal were:

Mr Lam Chuan Leong, the Chairman of the Competition Commission of Singapore

Mrs Theresa Foo-Yo Mie Yoen, Chairman of the Esplanade

Prof Satkunanantham Kandiah, former Director of Medical Services at the Ministry of Health

Mr Lee Tzu Yang, a member of the Legal Service Commission

Ms Jennie Chua, Immediate Past Chairman of Community Chest and Chairman of Alexandra Health System

Mr Po’ad Shaik Abu Bakar Mattar, a member of the Council of Presidential Advisers.

For Prof Satku, his contribution to the development of the national mental health blueprint for Singapore in 2006 was considered as one of his biggest achievements. The programme addressed the mental health of all sectors of the population - including workers and school children - with initiatives looking at prevention, early intervention as well as moving the care of mental illnesses away from institutions to the community.

"You can be assured that going to see a GP in the community is much easier than going back to IMH (Institute of Mental Health)," he said.

"Something like 16 per cent to 20 per cent of the population will, at one time or another, be affected by mental health. That is one in five people. That means each of us either will be, or will have someone close to us, affected and I think it was a worthwhile investment."

There were 12 recipients of the Public Service Star (Bar), while a further 55 individuals received the Public Service Star.

Also given out on National Day were the Public Administration Medal, Commendation Medal, Public Service Medal, Efficiency Medal and Long Service Medal, spanning civilian, military and police sectors. In all, a total of 3,354 awards were handed out.

HOME TEAM RECOGNISED

Among the recipients of the Commendation Medal were 10 Home Team frontline officers from the Singapore Police Force and the Singapore Civil Defence Force, who were among the first to respond to the Little India riot on Dec 8 last year.

"Despite the dangers and challenges they faced, the officers were calm and steadfast in carrying out their duties, working together to extricate the body of the deceased foreign worker, and brought the bus driver and time keeper to safety. They displayed dedication to duty and courage, and showed outstanding leadership and resolve," the Ministry of Home Affairs said.

A total of 424 Home Team officers, NSmen and Home Team volunteers were honoured at the National Day Awards.

A full list of this year's National Day Award recipients is available at the website for the Prime Minister's Office.





Dick Lee to write 'the next Home' for S'pore's 50th NDP
By Jermyn Chow, The Straits Times, 11 Aug 2014

AFTER being lauded for staging an engaging National Day Parade (NDP) this year, Dick Lee will return to helm next year's golden jubilee show; and he has been tasked to write the next big National Day song.

The 57-year-old singer-songwriter, who was also creative director of the 2002 and 2010 shows, said next year's parade organisers have asked him to compose a theme song for Singapore's 50th birthday, which will be celebrated at the Padang.

The new song will hopefully surpass the popularity of his iconic Home, which has become one of the best-loved NDP songs, and is sung at every parade.

"The expectations on me to produce an anthem as memorable as Home are quite daunting, but I've already started doing some research to get inspiration," Lee told The Straits Times. "It is not just an NDP song but a song that reflects and celebrates Singapore's 50 years of independence."

There was no NDP theme song this year, after organisers decided to break tradition and not introduce a new song. This, after most of the new tunes in recent years attracted criticism.

This year, familiar National Day songs such as One People, One Nation, One Singapore were refreshed and given a new spin.

While he is brainstorming ideas for the next big song, Lee also hopes to showcase new original songs from other home-grown songwriters or bands next year.

He will be roping in the same creative team who worked with him on this year's NDP. They include music director Sydney Tan and film-maker Boo Junfeng.

Defence Minister Ng Eng Hen posted on Facebook that "many people came up to me to say how they were moved by this year's show and for some, it was their best NDP yet". He added: "I'm confident they can make next year's NDP a really special one."

The SAF's Guards Formation, led by Brigadier-General Melvyn Ong Su Kiat, will coordinate next year's show, which will likely feature the mobile column, comprising battle tanks, armoured personnel carriers and other vehicles.

Organisers have already started work, with some heading to Nanjing, China, this week for the Youth Olympic Games opening ceremony to take notes.

With 2015 being a "landmark year", Lee, who is also providing the creative direction for the upcoming year-end SG50 countdown show at The Float@Marina Bay, has promised a show that will be "grand, epic, yet intimate".






PUB starts rehiring scheme for staff aged 65

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By Feng Zengkun, The Sunday Times, 10 Aug 2014

PUB, the national water agency, is among the first statutory boards to introduce a re-employment policy to keep 65-year-old workers in their ranks for two more years.

The initiative was put in place last month to retain experienced employees, as long as they meet health and work performance requirements.

"The reality is that PUB has a relatively sizeable mature workforce. If they can continue to contribute, why not re-employ them?" said PUB director of human resources Lawrence Tan.



Since 2012, firms have been required by law to offer re-employment to workers aged between 62 and 65, provided they are healthy and their work is satisfactory, or a one-off payment.

In May, the Government said it was looking at raising the re-employment age to 67.

Before its new formal policy, PUB, which has about 3,200 employees, did offer re-employment to those between 65 and 67. But these were on a case-by-case basis.

Mr Tan said that in the policy's first year, about 75 employees will qualify for re-employment, and 70 will be offered it. He added that most of them will continue to work in the same job with no changes to their salaries.

Technician Tan Ah Tee, who has been doing maintenance work for so long that he can usually spot the problem with faulty equipment within minutes, is one employee who has benefited.

The 65-year-old, who joined the national water agency more than three decades ago, still goes to pump installations across the island almost every day to check equipment and fix hiccups.

"I'm the oldest in my department, so when new employees come in I always try to teach them what I know," said the father of two grown-up children.

He said he would like to keep working, even beyond 67 years old, as long as he is healthy. "I feel content doing the job, and if I stayed at home I would have nothing to do," he said. "My family also liked that I got re-employed."

PUB technical officer Danabal Kahsairajah, 65, who was also re-employed, said his family supported his decision to keep working. "They told me I can retire if I want to, but I said I'm fit and I want to keep going. The work also gives me the chance to exercise, so why not?"

In December 2011, the Singapore Tourism Board also began offering 65-year-old workers re-employment up to age 67, if they meet various requirements. A spokesman said that so far, three employees were offered re-employment and all of them accepted.


Cinema, cricket field at biggest dormitory

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First integrated complex for 16,800 foreign workers to open in phases in Tuas
By Amelia Tan And Toh Yong Chuan, The Sunday Times, 10 Aug 2014

When a new mega-dormitory at Tuas South Avenue 1 opens its doors at the end of this month, it will not just be Singapore's biggest, but also the first integrated facility of its kind.

The 16,800-bed complex will not just have a minimart, beer garden and foodcourt, but will offer recreational options, including a 250-seat cinema and a cricket field, within its 8.4ha compound.

Tuas View Dormitory will have 20 four-storey blocks, half of which have been built.

The biggest dorm currently operating in Singapore is a 12,000-bed facility in Kranji.

The new dorm will open in phases, starting with around 3,000 workers.

Active System Engineering, which runs the mega-dorm, said it is confident that it will be filled by the time it is fully operational at the end of the year, adding that the response from employers has been good so far.

This is one of nine dorms which will be built over the next two years around the island, according to tender documents obtained by The Sunday Times. They include a 25,000-bed dorm which will open in Sungei Tengah by 2016, and will add around 100,000 beds to the existing 200,000.

It is part of efforts by an inter-ministerial committee on foreign worker issues, which is headed by Deputy Prime Minister Tharman Shanmugaratnam, to speed up the building of more dorms.

Employers said the additions will help alleviate the shortage of dorms here.

There are an estimated 385,000 foreign work permit holders in lower-skilled jobs in sectors such as construction and marine. These figures do not include maids.

Most live in purpose-built and factory-converted dorms as well as quarters on construction sites.

The remaining 385,000 foreign workers are Malaysians who commute here daily, and those in the manufacturing and service sectors who are allowed to rent Housing Board flats and live in private estates.

Mr Kelvin Teo, president of the Dormitory Association of Singapore, hopes employers will be urged to move workers from quarters in construction sites and factory-converted dorms into the purpose-built dorms.

"When you stay at construction sites, there will always be sand and dust. Hygiene is also an issue," he said.

Dr Ho Nyok Yong, president of the Singapore Contractors Association, said the increase in supply of dorms will help to stabilise monthly rents which employers foot.

"Rents at dorms have increased in recent years from about $200 to $300 because of a shortage. We must keep housing affordable for employers who are already facing other cost pressures."

Mr Bernard Menon, executive director of foreign workers' group Migrant Workers' Centre, said that while building more dorms is a good move, raising standards at other types of housing such as factory-converted dorms and worksite quarters must not be neglected.

The group is working with the dorm association to roll out guidelines for all types of housing for foreign workers by next year.

However, Ms Debbie Fordyce, executive committee member of workers' rights group Transient Workers Count Too, is sceptical that errant employers will be motivated to move their workers into the new dorms.

"It is always good to have more facilities for workers. But the question is will bosses want to pay for them? Why would they want to pay more if they can save with cheaper housing?"

Housing workers at construction sites can be free, while a month's stay in a shophouse is about $200 per worker.

Workers interviewed said they like living in purpose-built dorms as they are well-maintained and clean. However, they hope their suggestions will be taken into account, such as setting up money remittance shops within dorms.

Indian national V. Deva, 38, a shipyard worker who lives in a Tuas dorm, said: "I have to go to Little India or Boon Lay to send money home. It is quite tiring to travel out on Sundays."

In recent years, the Government has grappled with the need to roll out new dorms while dealing with unhappiness from some Singaporeans who dislike having them built near their homes.

However, the Manpower Ministry has pledged to improve housing standards after the report by the Committee of Inquiry into last December's Little India riot revealed that there is room for improvement in migrant workers' accommodation.

Manpower Minister Tan Chuan-Jin said in April that details of a regulatory framework for large dorms will be announced in a few months.


Is organic food really free from pesticides?

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By Andy Ho, The Straits Times, 9 Aug 2014

MOST of us buy conventionally produced food most of the time. But organic food has been growing in popularity among people who believe, among other things, that it is largely pesticide-free.

Their faith is such that most are likely to disregard any study that provides evidence to the contrary. These believers might be gladdened by a new study just published in the British Journal of Nutrition, which finds that organic food indeed has less pesticide residue than conventional food.

Led by Newcastle University dons and partially funded by the British organic sector, it reviewed 343 studies of widely varying quality. However, it would be scientifically more precise and intellectually more honest for the study to conclude that organic food has less "synthetic" pesticides.

Here's why.

All farmers have to deal with pests. Conventional farmers use synthetic pesticides, which organic farmers are not allowed to use.

That is why many people think organic farmers use no pesticides at all. Many believe that, eschewing synthetic pesticides, organic farmers rely only on careful crop selection, crop rotation, manure, insect traps and composting, as well as biological pest controls such as predator insects and beneficial micro-organisms.

Unfortunately, these methods are not always enough. So pesticides remain necessary - thus creating the organic food industry's dirty little secret.

It is a little known fact that organic farmers use lots of pesticides that are described as "natural" or "organic". Unfortunately, organic pesticides can be as toxic as synthetic ones, or more so.

So while organic food might indeed have little or no synthetic pesticides, as the study found, it is likely to contain more organic pesticides that are potentially harmful chemicals.

The Newcastle University study looked at only synthetic pesticides, not organic ones.

There are 200 disparate certifying bodies for organic food in 80 countries, each setting its own standards. Generally, none of them test for levels of organic pesticides.

As it is largely a self-regulated sector, organic certification requires only that farms show a system plan and keep compliance records. Field testing for compliance is rarely carried out. And no government requires any organic farm to record the actual amounts of synthetic or organic pesticides used.

Because of the fallacy that "natural" is good, even scientists have rarely looked for natural pesticides in organic food.

But in a publicly funded 2009 study as well as two others in 2010, United States scientists found measurable traces of either natural or synthetic pesticides, or both, in 15 per cent to 43 per cent of organic produce, depending on which farms were sampled.

One positive feature of organic pesticides that has little to do with food safety is that they degrade faster in the environment.

So they pollute water and land a lot less than synthetic pesticides do. But because they degrade faster, a lot more has to be used. In contrast, synthetic pesticides are usually more effective at lower doses.

A 1990 study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science found that up to seven applications of a mixture of rotenone and pyrethrin - two popular organic pesticides - were needed to obtain the same level of protection against pests as that provided by two applications of imidan, a pesticide synthesised to degrade as fast as organic ones.

If organic pesticides must be sprayed more often, organic food might well have lots of these pesticide. Some could be safer than synthetic ones, but not all are.

Take rotenone, a widely used organic pesticide. Derived from a few sub-tropical plant species, it is poisonous to nerves or nerve cells. Indeed, it has been found to cause Parkinson's disease in laboratory mice.

The US Environmental Protection Agency has found that the safe level of daily exposure for humans is under 0.004mg per kg of body weight.

By comparison, that for glyphosate, a widely used synthetic pesticide usually sold under the brand Roundup, the safe level is below 0.1mg per kg of body weight.

That means natural rotenone is 25 times more harmful by weight than synthetic Roundup.

Another widely used organic pesticide also poisonous to nerve cells is pyrethrin. Derived from chrysanthemum, it is also more toxic by weight than Roundup.

In organic farming, "natural" copper salts and sulphur are widely used to deal with fungi. This is because fungi produce toxins, including aflatoxin. Found on mouldy peanut skin, aflatoxin is known to cause liver cancer.

But how much copper or sulphur is bad for humans has not been definitively established.

In sum, "natural" might not be non-toxic, and "organic" is not unequivocally safer.

What the "organic" label means is that the producer claims to have adhered to some process standards in production, handling, processing and marketing.

So "organic" is merely an ethical claim about the process, not one about the product.

Now you know organic pesticides might be found in organic food, and these could be worse than synthetic pesticides, what can you do with this information?

Not much, if you are thinking of checking for pesticide content in organic food, since no certification board mandates it.

Moreover, the difference in levels of synthetic pesticides in organic and conventional foods is not large. And the level of pesticides even in conventionally grown produce is already way below permissible levels.

For example, a 2011 study published in the Journal of Toxicology found that one must eat 787 conventionally grown apples in a day to ingest a toxic amount of thiabendazole, a synthetic pesticide used frequently at apple farms.

What all this means is that buying organic food in the belief that doing so will save you from ingesting pesticides makes little sense.

Anyway, rinsing any produce thoroughly gets rid of most pesticide residues. So eat lots of produce, whether organic or not.


Singapore, the social laboratory

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Singapore is testing whether mass surveillance and big data can not only protect national security, but also engineer a more harmonious society
By Shane Harris, Published The Straits Times, 9 Aug 2014

IN OCTOBER 2002, Mr Peter Ho, the then Permanent Secretary for Defence in the tiny island city-state of Singapore, paid a visit to the offices of the Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the US Defence Department's R&D outfit best known for developing the M16 rifle, stealth aircraft technology and the Internet.

Mr Ho didn't want to talk about military hardware. Rather, he had made the day-long plane trip to meet retired Navy Rear-Admiral John Poindexter, one of DARPA's then senior programme directors and a former national security adviser to president Ronald Reagan. Mr Ho had heard that Mr Poindexter was running a novel experiment to harness enormous amounts of electronic information and analyse it for patterns of suspicious activity - mainly potential terrorist attacks.

The two men met in Mr Poindexter's small office in Virginia, and on a whiteboard, Mr Poindexter sketched out for Mr Ho the core concepts of his imagined system, which Mr Poindexter called Total Information Awareness (TIA). It would gather up all manner of electronic records - e-mail, phone logs, Internet searches, airline reservations, hotel bookings, credit card transactions, medical reports - and then, based on predetermined scenarios of possible terrorist plots, look for the digital "signatures" or footprints that would-be attackers might have left in the data space. The idea was to spot the bad guys in the planning stages and to alert law enforcement and intelligence officials to intervene.

"I was impressed with the sheer audacity of the concept: that by connecting a vast number of databases, we could find the proverbial needle in the haystack," Mr Ho later recalled. He wanted to know whether the system, which was not yet deployed in the United States, could be used in Singapore to detect the warning signs of terrorism.

It was a matter of some urgency. Just 10 days earlier, terrorists had bombed a nightclub, a bar and the US consular office in the Indonesian island of Bali, killing 202 people and raising the spectre of Islamist terrorism in South-east Asia.

Mr Ho returned home inspired that Singapore could put a TIA-like system to good use. Four months later, he got his chance, when an outbreak of SARS swept through the country, killing 33, dramatically slowing the economy and shaking the tiny island nation to its core.

Using Mr Poindexter's design, the Government soon established the Risk Assessment and Horizon Scanning programme (RAHS, pronounced "roz") inside a Defence Ministry agency responsible for preventing terrorist attacks and "non-conventional" strikes, such as those using chemical or biological weapons - an effort to see how Singapore could avoid or better manage "future shocks".

Privacy concerns in the US

BACK in the US, however, the TIA programme had become the subject of enormous controversy. Just a few weeks after Mr Poindexter met Mr Ho, journalists reported that the Defence Department was funding experimental research on mining massive amounts of Americans' private data. Some members of Congress and privacy and civil liberties advocates called for TIA to be shut down. It was - but in name only.

In late 2003, a group of US lawmakers more sympathetic to Mr Poindexter's ideas arranged for his experiment to be broken into several discrete programmes, all of which were given new, classified code names and placed under the supervision of the National Security Agency (NSA). Unbeknownst to almost all Americans at the time, the NSA was running a highly classified programme of its own that actually was collecting Americans' phone and Internet communications records and mining them for connections to terrorists. Elements of that programme were described in classified documents disclosed last year by former NSA contractor Edward Snowden, sparking the most significant and contentious debate about security and privacy in the US in more than four decades.

Because of such uproars, many current and former US officials have come to see Singapore as a model for how they would build an intelligence apparatus if privacy laws and a long tradition of civil liberties weren't standing in the way. After Mr Poindexter left DARPA in 2003, he became a consultant to RAHS, and many American spooks have travelled to Singapore to study the programme first-hand.

They are drawn not just to Singapore's embrace of mass surveillance but also to the country's curious mix of democracy and authoritarianism, in which a paternalistic government ensures people's basic needs - housing, education and security - in return for almost reverential deference. Ten years after its founding, the RAHS programme has evolved beyond anything Mr Poindexter could have imagined. Across Singapore's national ministries and departments today, armies of civil servants use scenario-based planning and big-data analysis from RAHS for a host of applications beyond fending off bombs and bugs.

They use it to plan procurement cycles and budgets, make economic forecasts, inform immigration policy, study housing markets and develop education plans for Singaporean schoolchildren - and they are looking to analyse Facebook posts, Twitter messages and other social media in an attempt to "gauge the nation's mood" about everything from government social programmes to the potential for civil unrest.

In other words, Singapore has become a laboratory not only for testing how mass surveillance and big-data analysis might prevent terrorism, but also for determining whether technology can be used to engineer a more harmonious society.

Singapore was the perfect home for a centrally controlled, complex technological system designed to maintain national order.

"Singapore shouldn't exist. It's an invented country," one top-ranking government official told me on a recent visit, trying to capture the existential peril that seems to inform so many of the country's decisions.

But in less than 50 years, Singapore has achieved extraordinary success. Despite the Government's quasi-socialistic cradle- to-grave care, the city-state is enthusiastically pro-business, and a 2012 report ranked it as the world's wealthiest country, based on GDP per capita.

This economic rise might be unprecedented in the modern era, yet the more Singapore has grown, the more Singaporeans fear loss. Singaporeans' boundless ambition is matched only by their extreme aversion to risk.

SARS outbreak in 2003

THE SARS outbreak reminded Singaporeans that their national prosperity could be imperilled in just a few months by a microscopic invader that might wipe out a significant portion of the densely packed island's population.

Months after the virus abated, Mr Ho and his colleagues ran a simulation using Mr Poindexter's TIA ideas to see whether they could have detected the outbreak. It showed that if Singapore had previously installed a big-data analysis system, it could have spotted the signs of a potential outbreak two months before the virus hit the country's shores.

Prior to the SARS outbreak, for example, there were reports of strange, unexplained lung infections in China. Threads of information like that, if woven together, could in theory warn analysts of pending crises.

The RAHS system was operational a year later, and it immediately began "canvassing a range of sources for weak signals of potential future shocks", one senior Singaporean security official involved in the launch later recalled.

The system uses a mixture of proprietary and commercial technology and is based on a "cognitive model" designed to mimic the human thought process - a key design feature influenced by Mr Poindexter's TIA system. RAHS, itself, doesn't think. It's a tool that helps human beings sift huge stores of data for clues on just about everything. It is designed to analyse information from practically any source - the input is almost incidental - and to create models that can be used to forecast potential events.

Scenario planning

THOSE scenarios can then be shared across the Government and picked up by whatever ministry or department that might find them useful. Using a repository of information called an ideas database, RAHS and its teams of analysts create "narratives" about how various threats or strategic opportunities might play out. The point is not so much to predict the future as to envision a number of potential futures that can tell the Government what to watch for and when to dig further.

The officials running RAHS today are tight-lipped about exactly what data they monitor, though they acknowledge that a significant portion of "articles" in their databases comes from publicly available information, including news reports, blog posts, Facebook updates and Twitter messages.

Surveillance starts in the home, where all Internet traffic in Singapore is filtered, a senior Defence Ministry official told me. (Commercial and business traffic is not screened, the official said.) Traffic is monitored primarily for two sources of prohibited content: porn and racist invective. All other sites, including foreign media, social networks and blogs, are open to Singaporeans. But post a comment or an article that the law deems racially offensive or inflammatory, and the police may come to your door.

Singaporeans have been charged under the Sedition Act for making racist statements online, but officials are quick to point out that they don't consider this censorship. Hateful speech threatens to tear the nation's multi-ethnic social fabric and is therefore a national security threat, they say. Singaporean officials stress that citizens are free to criticise the Government, and they do.

Commentary that impugns an individual's character or motives, however, is off-limits because, like racial invective, it is seen as a threat to the nation's delicate balance. Journalists, including foreign news organisations, have frequently been charged under the country's strict libel laws. Not only does the Government keep a close eye on what its citizens write and say publicly, but it also has the legal authority to monitor all manner of electronic communications, including phone calls, under several domestic security laws aimed at preventing terrorism, prosecuting drug dealing and blocking the printing of "undesirable" material.

The surveillance extends to visitors as well. Mobile phone SIM cards are an easy way for tourists to make cheap calls and are available at nearly any store - as ubiquitous as chewing gum in the US. Criminals like disposable SIM cards because they can be hard to trace to an individual user. But to purchase a card in Singapore, a customer has to provide a passport number, which is linked to the card, meaning the phone company - and, presumably, by extension the Government - has a record of every call made on a supposedly disposable, anonymous device.

Privacy International reported that Singaporeans who want to obtain an Internet account must also show identification - in the form of the national ID card that every citizen carries - and Internet service providers "reportedly provide, on a regular basis, information on users to government officials". Perhaps no form of surveillance is as pervasive in Singapore as its network of security cameras, which police have installed in more than 150 "zones" across the country.

Most Singaporeans I met hardly cared that they live in a surveillance bubble and were acutely aware that they're not unique in some respects. "Don't you have cameras everywhere in London and New York?" many of the people I talked to asked. (In fact, according to city officials, "London has one of the highest number of CCTV cameras of any city in the world".) Singaporeans presumed that the cameras deterred criminals and accepted that in a densely populated country, there are simply things you shouldn't say.

This year, the World Justice Project, a US-based advocacy group that studies adherence to the rule of law, ranked Singapore as the world's second-safest country. Prized by Singaporeans, this distinction has earned the country a reputation as one of the most stable places to do business in Asia. But it's hard to know whether the low crime rates and adherence to the rule of law are more a result of pervasive surveillance or Singaporeans' unspoken agreement that they mustn't turn on one another, lest the tiny island come apart at the seams.

In 2009, Singapore's leaders decided to expand the RAHS system and the use of scenario planning far beyond the realm of national security - at least as it's commonly understood in the US. They established the Strategic Futures Network, staffed by deputy secretaries from every ministry, to export the RAHS methods across the entire Government. The network looks beyond national security concerns and uses future planning to address all manner of domestic social and economic issues, including identifying "strategic surprise" and so-called "black swan" events that might abruptly upset national stability.

Gathering public opinion

THE RAHS team has mounted a study on the public's attitude towards the housing system and what people want out of it. The provision of affordable, equitable housing is a fundamental promise that the Government makes to its citizens, and keeping them happy in their neighbourhoods has been deemed essential to national harmony.

Future planning has been applied to a broad variety of policy problems. It has been used to study people's changing attitudes about how kids should be educated and whether it's time to lessen Singapore's historically strong emphasis on test scores for judging student achievement. The Singapore Tourism Board used the methodology to examine trends about who will be visiting the country over the next decade. Officials have tried to forecast whether "alternative foods" derived from experiments and laboratories could reduce Singapore's near-total dependence on food imports.

But the future is one of the things that worries Singaporeans. Last year, the Government issued a so-called "Population White Paper" that described its efforts to grow the country and forecast a 30 per cent population increase by 2030, bringing the number of residents to as many as 6.9 million in the already crowded city-state. Immigrants were expected to make up half the total.

Singaporeans revolted. Four thousand people attended one rally against the population plan - one of the largest public protests in the country's history. The White Paper revealed a potential double threat: Singaporeans were already turning against the Government for growing the country too big and too fast, and now they were turning on their immigrant neighbours, whom they blamed for falling wages and rising home prices.

The protests shook the "nation's mood" at the highest level, and the Government was prepared to take drastic measures to quell the unrest, starting with cutting immigrant labour. The National Population and Talent Division - a kind of immigration-cum-human-resources department - intends to slow the growth of the workforce to about 1 to 2 per cent per year over the rest of the decade, which is a dramatic departure from the more than 3 per cent annual growth over the past 30 years.

With that, GDP growth is likely to retract to an average of 3 to 4 per cent per year. But the Government has concluded that a slowdown is the right price to pay for keeping a harmonious society. The data tells it so.

Singapore is now undertaking a multi-year initiative to study how people in lower-level service or manufacturing jobs could be replaced by automated systems like computers or robots, or be outsourced. Officials want to understand where the jobs of the future will come from so that they can retrain current workers and adjust education curricula. But turning lower-end jobs into more highly skilled ones - which native Singaporeans can do - is a step towards pushing lower-skilled immigrants out of the country.

If national stability means more surveillance and big-data scanning, Singaporeans seem willing to make the trade-off.

Singaporeans speak, often reverently, of the "social contract" between the people and their Government. They have consciously chosen to surrender certain civil liberties and individual freedoms in exchange for fundamental guarantees: security, education, affordable housing, health care.

But the social contract is negotiable and "should not be taken for granted", the RAHS team warns. "Nor should it be expected to be perpetual. Surveillance measures considered acceptable today may not be tolerable by future generations of Singaporeans." At least not if those measures are applied only to them. One future study that examined "surveillance from below" concluded that the proliferation of smartphones and social media is turning the watched into the watchers. These new technologies "have empowered citizens to intensely scrutinise government elites, corporations and law enforcement officials… increasing their exposure to reputational risks", the study found. From the angry citizen who takes a photo of a policeman sleeping in his car and posts it on Twitter to an opposition blogger who challenges party orthodoxy, Singapore's leaders cannot escape the watch of their own citizens.

In this tiny laboratory of big- data mining, the experiment is yielding an unexpected result: The more time Singaporeans spend online, the more they read, the more they share their thoughts with one another and their Government, the more they've come to realise that Singapore's light-touch repression is not entirely normal among developed, democratic countries - and that their Government is not infallible. To the extent that Singapore is a model for other countries to follow, it may tell them more about the limits of big data and that not every problem can be predicted.

FOREIGN POLICY

Shane Harris is a senior staff writer at Foreign Policy and the author of the forthcoming book @War: The Rise Of The Military-Internet Complex, which will be published in November this year.

EDITOR'S NOTE: Shane Harris' trip to Singapore was jointly sponsored by the Singapore International Foundation and the New America Foundation, where he is a fellow. The FP Group, which publishes Foreign Policy, is partnering with Singapore's Centre for Strategic Futures and Peter Ho, who is quoted above, to convene an expert forum on the global impact of rapid technological change. Neither Peter Ho nor the Singapore Government had any control over the content of this article.





RAHS programme not out to spy on Singaporeans

I refer to "Singapore, the Social Laboratory" (yesterday). I am concerned that a combination of hyperbole and speculation in the article will mislead the reader into drawing wrong conclusions about Singapore in general, and RAHS (Risk Assessment and Horizon Scanning) in particular.

I would like to make the following points to correct any misimpression that the Foreign Policy article has created.

First, RAHS is an open system. It is not used in a sinister way to conduct surreptitious surveillance. Our universities have used RAHS to teach students in courses such as how agricultural products are priced, and how to model the risk environment for commodity trading. It is a fantasy that RAHS is part of a larger system of mass surveillance that systematically intrudes into the privacy of individuals, and comprehensively filters Internet traffic.

Second, privacy is respected in Singapore in law and in practice. When RAHS was used in a retrospective study to test whether it could have picked up the SARS outbreak, the article speculates that it trawled through private databases without consent. That is wrong, in fact, and against the law. The reality was more mundane. RAHS looked at old newspaper reports and other open sources of information to see whether it would have picked up enough warning signs to alert the decision-makers that something was amiss.

Third, RAHS is not an omnipotent system that drives "armies of civil servants … to plan procurement cycles and budgets, make economic forecasts …". Neither is RAHS a system that can predict what is going to happen. Instead, it is a computer-based suite of tools that can, if used intelligently together with many other tools and good practice, enhance the quality of planning and decision-making, which ought to be the objective of all governments. The article makes RAHS out to be something that it is not.

Fourth, the speculations in the article extend beyond RAHS to how Singapore is governed. The tight control of mobile SIM cards in Singapore is portrayed as something slightly malevolent. Instead, it is a defensive and entirely legitimate policy against the threat of terrorism, and is a practice in many other countries. The article goes on to say that "no form of surveillance is as pervasive in Singapore as its network of security cameras". This is a gross and mischievous exaggeration. As the article points out, in many parts of the world, such as in the City of London, there are even denser networks of cameras, and for good reason.

Last, I feel that the article has strung together many unconnected pieces of a puzzle that is Singapore to construct something that fits an unfortunately common stereotype of "light-touch repression" in Singapore. Whatever drives government policy in Singapore is neither repressive, nor intrusive, but to serve important objectives of security, safety, and a better quality of life for all.

Peter Ho
The writer, former chief of the civil service, was referred to in the Foreign Policy article.
ST Forum, 10 Aug 2014



Eugene Tan: Of manic Monday and MPs’ no-show

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Constitutional law expert Eugene Tan was one of nine Nominated MPs in the first Parliament in arguably a new normal in Singapore politics. He gained a reputation for being somewhat of a stickler for rules, and ranging far and wide in his parliamentary speeches. With his 21/2-year NMP term ending yesterday, he talks to Robin Chan about the need for non-partisan voices in Parliament as politics becomes more competitive, how his policeman dad got him interested in government, and the need for "arse power" to get through those long Parliament sittings.
The Straits Times, 9 Aug 2014


One of the things that marked your term as NMP was your frequent calls for quorum - the required number of MPs to be present in the House to vote on a Bill. Why did you do that?

Having been trained as a constitutional lawyer, I think it is important for Parliament to observe the constitutional requirements and procedures. They ensure that our laws passed will not be challenged subsequently on the ground that they were passed unconstitutionally.

Whenever there isn't a quorum, it's something MPs are collectively uncomfortable about, because it means that proceedings cannot continue or are disrupted. This is something which we MPs do not talk about, and each time we fall short, there is the quiet resolve to do better.

I must admit it's with a lot of trepidation that I ask the Speaker whether there is a quorum. From where I'm seated, there are blind spots so I can't be sure if I got my numbers right.

I looked at the Hansard - in 21/2 years, I raised point of order of there being no quorum seven times: twice in 2012, thrice in 2013 and twice in 2014. Each time I didn't feel comfortable about it at all.


What is it a reflection of?

We have this unusual situation where Monday, which is typically when Parliament sits, is also the day when many MPs have their Meet-the-People Sessions. This is something that Parliament needs to take into account. You either end the sitting earlier or maybe have a sitting that is on Tuesday or some other day.

People tend to put the blame on the PAP MPs, partly because they are the largest group. But if we do a headcount, all the three groups (People's Action Party, Workers' Party and NMPs) don't come up well when there is no quorum.

I do think Singaporeans are concerned if Parliament is unable to meet its quorum (a quarter of the 99 MPs, including Non-Constituency MPs and NMPs aside from the Speaker).

(But) I don't think MPs are shirking their responsibility. It's just a combination of factors ranging from their own MP engagements to professional commitments to family commitments.

If you do a count, the number of appointment holders (parliamentary secretaries to ministers) comes up to slightly more than a third of the House (87 elected MPs). They would have additional official commitments to attend to - working dinners, official overseas trips, etc. It just shows how demanding it is on our elected representatives.


Do you think there have ever been Bills passed without a quorum?

The only way is to look back at the video footage. But we should take it on faith that they are properly passed.







You have said NMPs may one day be irrelevant. How do you see the NMP scheme evolving as our politics becomes more competitive?

I'm biased, right, so I would say that there is still a place and a very important role for NMPs. I believe that my cohort of NMPs has demonstrated the value of non-partisan voices in the political new normal.

In a more competitive Parliament when you have more opposition MPs, we are likely to see views becoming more polarised, or if they're not polarised, then they take on a partisan flavour.

But it is important for Parliament as the highest legislative body in Singapore to actually have the opportunity for different views to be expressed, particularly views which are not bound by party line or party positions.

So the NMP scheme may evolve to one in which we may have an Upper Chamber - something which was contemplated in 1966 shortly after Singapore became independent.

It is important to remember that Parliament must also not just be an institution to which people are elected to serve, but that the parliamentary proceedings and the debates continue to be relevant to the population at large. That's where non-partisan voices can play a part in offering alternative perspectives.

One way to look at how useful non-partisan voices have been would be to take the Hansard, the parliamentary records, and redact all the portions that were contributions by NMPs and you can see straightaway that the quality of discussions, debate, would be very vastly different.

And, after all, there are only nine of us out of a total of 99 MPs and there are severe limitations as to what we can do in terms of our legislative power.


How did you end up getting interested in politics?

My dad. I still recall my dad (Mr Tan Kai, 71, a retired police officer) taking me to my first election rally in 1980 when I was 10. Mr Lee Kuan Yew spoke and I vaguely recall as he left the stage people swarmed up to him and I shook his hand as well.

At home, my father would talk about the issues of the day, and then of course the school environment, whether it was Raffles Institution and then later on in Hwa Chong (Junior College), there were like-minded people and we kept up these discussions on various issues.

That's why it's important for parents and schools to make the effort to keep students aware of what's happening around them politically. We're not talking about taking sides, but to be aware of what's happening around you.

So now I do the same to my son (who is 11 years old).


Do you think there's a lack of awareness among our young?

I think so. When I speak to some of them, sometimes I'm actually quite stunned by their lack of, or simplistic understanding of, what are some of the significant issues that we are facing - whether it's the flavour of the day or long-term issues.

In some respects, life has been fairly comfortable, so most people feel that they don't have to be so involved or informed. We have a government that has had more successes than failures so sometimes we are lulled into a false sense of security, that good and effective governance is our entitlement, or something which comes about just like that.

That's why I'm always very concerned about what I call "political false prophets" - those who make false promises, saying that we can do all this and that and we will still be doing okay, but not saying how we will get there.

We all can be more discerning and appreciate what's within the realm of possibility.

It's also important for Parliament to explain some of the key concerns in a way that's accessible to the ordinary Singaporean.


So what did your dad think of your entering politics?

He has been very supportive. (But) I don't really look at myself as being in politics because I don't have a constituency. I speak only for myself. I'm only accountable to myself. I don't have a constituency that I need to nurture.


In a recent light-hearted Straits Times piece on Parliament, I gave you the "Range Far and Wide" award because you seem to have spoken on just about everything. Why did you do so? And do you think that having legal training and being in academia have helped you do this?

I would say so. But I also add that it takes effort. I know people have commented on my speaking on a whole spectrum of issues.

But I firmly believe that NMPs cannot be one-issue NMPs. If I were to speak only on higher education because that's my functional group, then I don't think I need to be in Parliament for 21/2 years.

Given the selection criteria of NMPs, NMPs should be able to speak on a whole variety of issues.

I do spend a fair bit of time preparing for sittings doing research and thinking through the issues. (But) I do not jump in for the sake of jumping in. More often than not, it is really when I believe that I have something meaningful to say.


Given your interest, have you ever considered joining a political party?

(Laughs) When I accepted the NMP appointment, that's probably some indication that I don't think competitive politics is for me. I won't say that competitive politics is not for me, but at this stage there is nothing compelling for me to become a politician.


Were you ever approached by any political party?

No. So I've no idea what the tea tastes like (meaning being recruited by the PAP).

It's also still possible to contribute to public discourse and serve the community even when one is not in politics.

Being an NMP, I have that privilege of having a platform on which I can speak on issues that I care and feel strongly about.

When my term ends, that platform is no longer there, but there will be other opportunities to serve.


You have put your name down to be considered for a second term. Do you feel that you have unfinished business?

No, not really, because I didn't have any agenda when I first entered Parliament as an NMP. All I knew was I would do my best, I would try to be the voice for the voiceless, that I would speak without fear or favour, and that I would try to add to the quality of debates in Parliament.

I feel that I can still contribute and that was the primary reason for seeking re-appointment.

I have found the role of an NMP to be very fulfilling and it would be a privilege to be able to see through the rest of this Parliament's term.


What do you make of blogger Roy Ngerng putting his name in to be an NMP?

It speaks well of our parliamentary system that someone like Roy believes that Parliament can be a platform on which he can put forth his views and perhaps even seek to change the thinking of policymakers.

If people feel that Parliament is irrelevant, then people wouldn't waste their time, and would seek other platforms instead.


Parliament sittings can get pretty long. How do you make sure you pay attention?

Yeah, you need a lot of "arse power" to be able to sit there, as well as a fair amount of focus and determination.

Maybe my background as an academic helps. More importantly, I have an interest in many of the issues. I try to speak on Bills that I have something to contribute towards in the discussion.



Winning every battle but losing the war

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Israel's military superiority has become its Achilles heel, causing the Jewish state to lose the public opinion war.
By Jonathan Eyal, Europe Correspondent, The Straits Times, 11 Aug 2014

WHEN Israel comes under attack, all its leaders draw together, and their first instinct is to reach for the gun.

So, even a moderate politician like Mrs Tzipi Livni, who as leader of the opposition frequently argued for a negotiated settlement between Israel and the Palestinians, said recently that the "fanatical movements" which Israel is currently battling "need treatment, and not of the psychological variety".

That's precisely what Israel has done in Gaza: it has pummelled the impoverished Palestinian land strip, using all the sophisticated weapons it can muster.

And the result was predictable: As in all of Israel's previous wars, Palestinian casualties were numerous, the international community was shocked but did nothing, ceasefires were negotiated and then promptly broken.

Israel prevailed but, as everyone knew all along, every military victory is only a prelude to another war at a future date.

Israel's long-term interests

YET, the strategic landscape around Israel is changing in subtle but profound ways, and most of these changes work against the long-term interests of the Jewish state.

The first major disruptive development is, surprisingly enough, on the battlefield, the one area where Israeli supremacy is never in doubt.

Since its establishment in the late 1940s, Israel has always fought with superior technology, excellent military training and huge innovative skills.

That's the only way it survived as a tiny state in a hostile environment.

And, contrary to predictions from a previous generation of doomsayers, the technological gap between Israel and its neighbours not only remained big, but widened.

It is partly because Arab governments failed to improve the educational standards of their own citizens, but it is also because today's technologies - electronics and vast digital information-processing capacities, all increasingly miniaturised - inherently favour both Israeli advantages and the military requirements of a small state.

Asymmetric arms race

BUT while the conventional arms race was invariably won by Israel every single time and on every single weapon platform, it is now increasingly clear that the result is an asymmetric arms race in which Israel's enemies cannot win, but nevertheless can wear the Jewish state down.

A decade ago, suicide bombers were the means to hit at an Israel which otherwise was impregnable. When Israel responded by building fortified walls around its borders, effectively stopping the infiltration of these suicide bombers, its enemies switched to missile attacks against population centres.

Israel succeeded in thwarting those as well, only to discover in the current Gaza confrontation a new deadly threat: a maze of tunnels dug deep under its borders, allowing Hamas fighters a chance to hit directly at civilian settlements.

Israel's ingenuity in responding to each challenge should not be doubted.

The Iron Dome missile defence system has astounded military experts with an interception rate of over 90 per cent.

And the Israeli Cabinet has now established a special task force to deal with the tunnels; a few years from now, expect innovations such as deep-earth sensors, porous water beds which flood newly dug tunnels, super-sensitive acoustic systems to detect underground drilling and new remote-controlled robots which can be sent down tunnels to place explosives for their destruction.

But Israel's enemies have moved to the next stage in their own arms race: unmanned aerial vehicles or drones which will be no match for those developed by Israel but will increasingly be produced in industrial quantities and sent over Israeli airspace, as well as cyber warfare operations to disrupt Internet and e-commerce infrastructure.

A perennial stage of siege

NONE of these measures can defeat Israel. But all contribute to a state of siege which increasingly afflicts Israeli society.

Ordinary Israelis enjoy a higher standard of living than all their neighbours, and live longer than inhabitants of most other Western countries.

But they don't enjoy a good quality of life, as they stagger from one air-raid siren to another, glued to a radio or a TV set for the latest instalment of "breaking news" from the battlefield.

During the current Gaza fighting, the fear in Israel was not only about how many of its soldiers would be killed, but also over how many could be captured alive by Hamas, something which would have sent the entire country into a frenzy.

This is both a superbly well-protected population and an emotionally high-strung one, a nation which seems in permanent need of tranquillisers.

One of the key reasons given by Israelis who quit their country is that they wish to escape from their barracks-room daily existence. That problem will only get worse in the years to come.

And, paradoxically, the fact that Israelis are so well-protected only erodes Israel's global image even further.

One of the biggest accusations against Israel during the current fighting has been that it used force "disproportionately", by killing far more Palestinians.

It does not matter that Israel points out - correctly, as it happens - that the concept of proportionality in warfare is not only about numbers of casualties.

Nor does it matter that Israel is held up to higher standards of warfare than anyone else.

Few have protested about the massacres in Syria where civilian casualties are at least one hundred times higher than currently in Gaza, and nobody has enquired whether the present US air strikes in Iraq distinguish between civilians and combatants. The image of Israel as a bully is universal, unique and irreversible.

And, regardless of logic, the unequal fight between Israel and the Palestinians has galvanised Muslims worldwide, who increasingly see it as an example of wider historical injustices.

Not much else unites French citizens of Algerian descent with children of Pakistani immigrants in London or Moroccan migrants in the Netherlands, apart from outrage against Israel for what it does in the Middle East.

As a result, it is becoming increasingly difficult and politically expensive for countries to support Israel. And that is the case even in the US, where a recent opinion poll conducted by Gallup indicated that only a quarter of Americans aged 18 to 29 sympathised with Israel, compared to 55 per cent of older US voters.

The idea that Israel is a liability for the US is commonplace in everwider American intellectual circles. The recent unusually bitter public spat between US and Israeli leaders may become the norm in years to come.

To make matters worse, the steady erosion in Israel's international standing is coupled with a marked erosion in the overall strategic situation in the Middle East, where the fate of the region is no longer decided by governments, but by non-governmental militias such as Hamas, Hizbollah in Lebanon or the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria.

Since its establishment and until the beginning of this century, Israel has been involved in five wars, and only one of them was against a non-state actor. Since 2006, however, Israelis have fought another four wars, and all of them against non-state militias such as Hamas or Hizbollah.

Non-state actors

DEALING with states is both easier and predictable, as nations balance liabilities and advantages before they decide to go to war; that's why no Arab country has attacked Israel since 1973.

But militias don't operate according to this logic, and often go on the offensive when they are weak, calculating that they have nothing further to lose. That's essentially what happened to Hamas in Gaza over the past month.

Non-state actors are also difficult to deter, since their calculations are different from those of governments. And it is impossible for a country to reach binding agreements with militias: that, partly, is Israel's problem with Hamas, but it is also the problem of many Arab governments in dealing with Gaza.

The only way out of this morass is for Israel to encourage a process of Palestinian state-building, and one which reconnects Gaza to the West Bank, which is both more developed and more stable. Yet nothing of the kind appears to be happening.

"We will face a new Israel after this operation... nationalistic, religious in many ways, brainwashed, militaristic," predicted one of Israel's top commentators Gideon Levy.

He received no constructive response from Israel's political class. But he got plenty of accusations that he is a traitor.


Singapore’s fight against the 3Cs

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By Chiang Hai Ding, Published TODAY, 11 Aug 2014

Many in our pioneer generation remember World War II, as we had lived through a harrowing three years and eight months in the early 1940s under Japanese Occupation. The war hardened the will of a new generation of leaders in Malaya and Singapore to end colonialism. They were determined to achieve independence so their people could decide their own destinies. In doing so, they had to overcome three major political challenges, or what I call the 3Cs — colonialism, communism and communalism.

Today, fresh from celebrating 49 years of independence, it is useful for all of us in Singapore to remember the fight against the 3Cs and the lessons it holds for a nation at a crossroads.

OVERCOMING THE 3Cs

In their anti-colonial struggle, Federation of Malaya leaders formed the Alliance, bringing together race-based parties the United Malays National Organisation, the Malayan Chinese Association and the Malayan Indian Congress. Their internal tensions were communal.

In Singapore, the first generation of leaders including Mr Lee Kuan Yew, Toh Chin Chye and S Rajaratnam led a multiracial People’s Action Party (PAP). Their internal tensions were ideological.

Going into the 1959 General Election, Mr Lee, who was an opposition leader then, predicted that the struggle for power would be between the PAP and the communists: “The ultimate contestants will be the PAP and the Malayan Communist Party (MCP) — the PAP for a democratic non-communist socialist Malaya and the MCP for a soviet republic of Malaya. And the side that recruits more ability and talent will be the side that wins.”

The MCP, the oldest political organisation in the two territories, had collaborated with the British against the Japanese during World War II, but had mounted an armed insurgency against the British after the war in its bid to capture power.

The Federation’s Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman had two fears at the time — that the communists would capture power in Singapore and subvert the Federation, and that if Singapore became part of the Federation, its Chinese majority would upset the racial balance in the combined Malaya.

However, when it appeared in 1961 that the communists might trump the PAP, the Tunku acted. He proposed “Malaysia”, in which Singapore would merge with the Federation to form a larger entity together with the three Borneo territories of Brunei, Sabah and Sarawak.

The struggle for merger drew a line between the democratic non-communist and the pro-communist forces in Singapore. The PAP wanted to secure Singapore’s independence from the British by joining the Federation, but the pro-communists wanted Singapore to be on its own so it could come to power without having to deal with an anti-communist Federation.

In the 1963 Singapore General Election held after Singapore joined Malaysia alongside Sabah and Sarawak, the PAP defeated the pro-communist Barisan Sosialis, which won about a third of the vote and one-quarter of the seats in the Legislative Assembly.

While Malaysian and Singapore leaders were winning their fight against colonialism and communism, they failed to overcome the third “C”: Communalism. The inter-communal Alliance contested the 1963 Singapore General Election and lost every seat. The multiracial PAP then contested the 1964 Malaysian General Election. It lost every seat except one, in Kuala Lumpur.

The leaders from both sides then fought over their alternative visions of society, with the PAP leading multiracial parties in Malaysia in calling for “a Malaysian Malaysia”. Malaysia-Singapore relations deteriorated, as did interracial relations. Racial riots broke out in Singapore twice in 1964. The Tunku decided to ask Singapore to leave Malaysia, and Singapore became an independent and sovereign republic on Aug 9, 1965.

In their struggle against the 3Cs, those who stood up for Singapore risked life and limb. Their choices were stark — between independence and colonial rule, between democracy and communism, and between multiracialism and communalism.

TODAY’S CHALLENGES

In the early years of independence, Singapore’s leaders had to make tough decisions to ensure that the nation survived and thrived. Singaporeans had to earn peace and prosperity for their country through blood, sweat and tears.

Singapore has progressed from a Third World to a First World country. There are new and perhaps greater challenges, as international terrorism, globalisation and information technologies transform the way we live and interact with one another. The flames of communalism can still be fanned. Recent debates on community values and social norms show that some Singaporeans hold strong views on these issues.

The country is at a crossroads now, as Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong described in a speech earlier this year. As it matures as a global city, we have to better manage the stresses and challenges of being one.

We have to get the balance right, between national identity and cosmopolitanism and between economic imperatives and social solidarity.

Above all, we must stay united as a people in our constant pursuit of opportunities, excellence and growth.

This had been the spirit of the pioneer generation and one that we must continue to uphold. History does not end because we forget. Our people must be prepared to defend our independence and territorial integrity.

Former South African President Nelson Mandela had said that during his 27 years in prison, he was inspired by these lines in the poem Invictus: “I am the master of my fate, I am the captain of my soul.”

We are what Singapore is.


Dr Chiang Hai Ding, a historian, was an elected Member of Parliament from 1970 to 1984 and is editor of the book, We Also Served: Reflections Of Former PAP MPs, published last month. He served as Singapore’s Ambassador to 18 countries over 18 years, including as High Commissioner to Malaysia from 1971 to 1973.


Authorities turn to public shaming of litterbugs, again

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By Siau Ming En, TODAY, 11 Aug 2014

Litterbugs beware, the authorities are turning to public shaming again to get you to stop tossing your trash indiscriminately.

In the first half of this year, 318 Corrective Work Orders (CWO) have been imposed by the courts, surpassing the 261 in the whole of last year, figures from the National Environment Agency (NEA) showed.

CWO, a penalty added to anti-littering laws here in 1992, involves making litterbugs pick up trash at places with high human traffic, such as neighbourhood centres. The punishment is meted out in lieu of or in addition to fines, which were doubled in April.

Littering has been thrown under the spotlight again in recent months, partly because of a spate of killer-litter incidents, including one that caused the death in June of an elderly woman, three weeks after she had been struck by a bicycle wheel allegedly flung from the 14th floor of a building by a teenage boy.

The authorities have tried various measures in the past year or so to tackle this anti-social behaviour, including installing surveillance cameras to catch litterbugs red-handed and enhancing fines. They have also considered giving volunteer littering police the power to book offenders.

The authorities are out in force to punish litterbugs: From January to June this year, the NEA issued 9,271 littering tickets, nearly as many as the 9,346 issued in the whole of last year. In 2012, 8,195 littering tickets were issued.

Various solutions to tackle littering have been thrown up in the media, ranging from punitive — such as splashing litterbugs’ faces on websites to shame them — to softer approaches, such as increasing education efforts. To the latter’s end, a Keep Singapore Clean Movement in Schools to get students to take ownership of community spaces was launched last month as an updated version of the Use Your Hands campaign, which started in 1976.

In response to TODAY’s queries, Mr Derek Ho, NEA director-general of the environmental public health division, said: “There is undoubtedly an element of public shame in being identified as litterbugs sentenced by the courts to perform supervised cleaning of public areas under CWOs.”

The NEA added that only 3.3 per cent of offenders who had performed CWO in the past two years have been caught littering again.

Asked if it would be a bigger deterrent if litterbugs were made to perform CWO at more public and crowded places, general-secretary of the Singapore Kindness Movement William Wan said that as a “shaming approach, the more public, the better”. However, he noted that CWOs alone will not be effective as they have other undesirable psychological consequences on offenders.

Instead, he noted that CWOs should be stepped up and sustained over a short period, so people get the message, after which other efforts such as education can be taken to tackle the problem.

Chief executive officer of the Singapore Environment Council Jose Raymond added: “Ultimately, it is still down to personal behaviour, community ownership and responsibility.”

Both Dr Lee Bee Wah and Mr Liang Eng Hwa, chairperson and deputy chairperson of the Government Parliamentary Committee for National Development and Environment, respectively, also agreed that littering boils down to an attitude problem.

Dr Lee said: “When people are not socially disciplined (or) responsible, when people do not regard public areas as part of their own, they will be inclined to litter.”

Noting that there are numerous dustbins scattered in public places here, president of the Singapore Institute of Planners Evlyn Cheong said it is not as if people have no choice but to litter. She also cited the example of Japan, where it is difficult to find a dustbin, yet people do not litter because they take pride in keeping their surrounding environment clean.

Singaporeans can be less civic-conscious, thinking that someone will clean up their mess, she said, adding that Singaporeans need to be mindful of the need to dispose of litter into a dustbin even in places where they cannot be found.


School zone, yet 5 drivers run red light every week

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In first six months, as many as 23 also caught speeding in these areas
By Aw Cheng Wei and Lee Jian Xuan, The Straits Times, 11 Aug 2014

AS MANY as 110 errant drivers were caught running the red light in school zones in the first six months of this year alone. That translates to an average of nearly five cases a week.

Drivers were also caught for other offences in school zones, such as speeding and tailgating.

The Traffic Police gave these updates in response to queries from The Straits Times.

Since January, road safety in school zones has been beefed up with harsher punishments, after two brothers were killed by a truck in Tampines last year.

Nigel Yap, 13, was cycling across the road with Donavan, seven, who was riding pillion, when the driver hit them.

The police did not have a breakdown of the number of offences committed within school zones before the law was toughened earlier this year.

Those who run a red light in a school zone will get 13 demerit points - one more than before.

For drivers with less than a year's experience, it means their licences will be revoked as they have exceeded the maximum of 12 demerit points in one year.

Speeding was the second most common offence in these demarcated areas. Within the first six months of this year, 23 summonses were issued against speedsters who exceeded the 50kmh limit.


In the first six months of this year, there were also eight cases of inconsiderate driving and 17 instances of careless driving. Examples include tailgating and sudden lane switches.

There are more than 300 school zones at primary and secondary schools.

MP for Tampines GRC Baey Yam Keng said drivers should keep a lookout at all times in school zones, not just at dismissal hours.

"There are schoolchildren who are coming and going all the time. Some of them stay back for CCA (co-curricular activities), some are waiting for their parents. It's alarming and worrisome the number is so high."

Nurse May Tan, 52, mother of three, said: "I always remind my kids not to take for granted that green light means 'go', and to watch out for speeding cars. I tell them, 'This involves your life'."




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